Journal ArticleDOI
Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations
TLDR
In this article, three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods.Abstract:
Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and auto- trophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including: integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but isotope based methods provide quantitative answers with the least amount of disturbance to the soil and roots. Pub- lished data from all methods indicate that root/rhizosphere respiration can account for as little as 10 percent to greater than 90 percent of total in situ soil respiration depending on vegetation type and season of the year. Studies which have integrated percent root contribution to total soil respiration throughout an entire year or growing season show mean values of 45.8 and 60.4 percent for forest and nonforest vegetation, respectively. Such average annual values must be extrapolated with caution, however, because the root contribution to total soil respiration is commonly higher during the growing season and lower during the dormant periods of the year. Abbreviations: TScer -t otal soil CO 2 efflux rate; f - fractional root contribution to TS cer; RC - root contribution to TScerread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
In situ assessment of new carbon and nitrogen assimilation and allocation in contrastingly managed dryland wheat crop–soil systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used in-situ 13 CO 2 and urea-15 N pulse labelling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the late heading stage, and investigated allocation of newly assimilated carbon and nitrogen in crop and soil pools as influenced by long-term conventional tillage and reduced tillage (RT) mixed farming practices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential bias of daily soil CO 2 efflux estimates due to sampling time.
TL;DR: A framework for improving local Rs estimates is proposed that informs how to decrease temporal uncertainties in upscaling to the annual total.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of soil surface respiration in a grazed pasture in New Zealand.
Mathew Brown,Mathew Brown,David Whitehead,John E. Hunt,Timothy J. Clough,G. C. Arnold,W. T. Baisden,Robert R. Sherlock +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the regulation of soil surface respiration (R s ) in a grazed pasture, in New Zealand, using chamber measurements of R s, made at a field site approximately twice a month throughout a growing season.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon accumulation in loblolly pine plantations is increased by fertilization across a soil moisture availability gradient
Rosvel Bracho,Jason G. Vogel,Rodney E. Will,Asko Noormets,Lisa J. Samuelson,Eric J. Jokela,Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke,Salvador A. Gezan,Daniel Markewitz,John R. Seiler,Brian D. Strahm,Robert O. Teskey,Thomas R. Fox,Michael Kane,Marshall A. Laviner,Kristin M. McElligot,Jinyan Yang,Wen Lin,Cassandra R. Meek,J. Cucinella,Madison Akers,Timothy A. Martin +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, a factorial throughfall reduction (D)××fertilization (F) experiment in 2012 in four loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations encompassing the climatic range of the species in Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Oklahoma (OK), and Virginia (VA).
Journal ArticleDOI
Constrained partitioning of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration reduces model uncertainties of forest ecosystem carbon fluxes but not stocks
Mariah S. Carbone,Andrew D. Richardson,Min Chen,Eric A. Davidson,H. Hughes,Kathleen Savage,David Y. Hollinger +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the soil carbon dioxide flux (Rs) was partitioned into its respective autotrophic and heterotrophic components in a mature temperate-boreal forest (Howland Forest in Maine, USA).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate
TL;DR: In this article, measured rates of soil respiration from terrestrial and wetland ecosystems were used to define the annual global CO 2 flux from soils, to identify uncertainties in the global flux estimate, and to investigate the influences of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotopes in PhotosynthesisFractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants
TL;DR: The fractionation of carbon isotopes that occurs during photosynthesis is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the efficiency of CO2 uptake and indicates that different strategies are needed for improving wateruse efficiency in different kinds of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief review for policymakers who are concerned that changes in soil respiration may contribute to the rise in CO2 in Earth's atmosphere, while simultaneously leaving a greater store of carbon in the soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the Rothamsted model is used to calculate the amount of CO2 that would be released from the world stock of soil organic matter if temperatures increase as predicted, the annual return of plant debris to the soil being held constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
J. S. Singh,S. R. Gupta +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review deals with methodological approaches, measured rates, and environmental control of two major interdependent processes regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, viz., plant decomposition and soil respiration.