Journal ArticleDOI
Solubility and Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon in Nickel: Reaction Rates of Nickel‐Carbon Alloys with Barium Oxide
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In this paper, the authors measured the diffusion coefficient of carbon and barium oxide coatings on nickel and found that the rates of reaction are diffusion limited over a wide range of conditions of interest.Abstract:
Experimental values for the solubility of carbon in nickel in the range 700°C to 1300°C yield the equation lnS=2.480−4,880/T, where S is the solubility in grams of carbon per 100 grams of nickel. Values obtained for the diffusion coefficient in the same range fit the equation lnD=0.909−20,200/T, where D is in cm2 per second. These results are of some interest in the problem of the activation of thermionic oxide coated cathodes, and the experimental method used to measure the diffusion coefficients is related to phenomena occurring in vacuum tubes. To extend the usefulness of the results in this direction, rates of reaction between diffused carbon and barium oxide coatings on nickel have been measured. It was found that the rates are diffusion limited over a wide range of conditions of interest.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Catalytic Steam Reforming
TL;DR: The steam reforming process converts hydrocarbons into mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane as discussed by the authors, which is used also for the well-knowm process for improvement of the octane number of gasoline.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of carbon formation on nickel-containing catalysts.
TL;DR: A complex dependence of rate upon temperature is observed in many systems and different explanations for the existence of a rate maximum and an apparent negative activation energy are discussed in this paper, although other effects may influence the magnitude of the observed activation energy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Equilibrium segregation of carbon to a nickel (111) surface: A surface phase transition
TL;DR: In this article, the authors observed the first equilibrium surface phase transition for carbon-doped nickel single crystals, which they attributed to the stronger binding of carbon to this monolayer phase than to bulk graphite.
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Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition
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Large area few-layer graphene/graphite films as transparent thin conducting electrodes
TL;DR: In this paper, carbon atoms decomposed from methane in a metal substrate at high temperatures were precipitated on metal surfaces upon cooling, and large area uniform few-layer graphene (FLG)/graphite films were transferred to glass slides after dissolving the metal substrate in an aqueous solution of Fe(NO3)3.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Diffusion of Gases through Metals. III. The Degassing of Nickel and the Diffusion of Carbon Monoxide through Nickel
C. J. Smithells,C. E. Ransley +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it is assumed that some part at least of this gas is derived from the body of the metal and must presumably reach the surface by diffusion, and that the total gas is extracted much more rapidly if the metal is actually melted, and this method of estimating the gases in steel and other metals is very generally adopted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of Carbon in Low-Carbon Iron and Steel
L. A. Wooten,W. G. Guldner +1 more