Journal ArticleDOI
Solvent Effect on Pathways and Mechanisms for d-Fructose Conversion to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde: In Situ 13C NMR Study
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Noncatalytic reactions of D-fructose were kinetically investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water, and methanol as a function of time at temperatures of 30-150 °C by applying in situ (13)C NMR spectroscopy.Abstract:
Noncatalytic reactions of d-fructose were kinetically investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water, and methanol as a function of time at temperatures of 30–150 °C by applying in situ 13C NMR spectroscopy. The products were quantitatively analyzed with distinction of isomeric species by taking advantage of site-selective 13C labeling technique. In DMSO, d-fructose was converted first into 3,4-dihydroxy-2-dihydroxymethyl-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran having no double bond in the ring, subsequently into 4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde having one double bond through dehydration, and finally into 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) having two double bonds. No other reaction pathways were involved, as shown from the carbon mass balance. In water, 5-HMF, the final product in DMSO, was generated with the precursors undetected and furthermore transformed predominantly into formic and levulinic acids and slightly into 1,2,4-benzenetriol accompanied by polymerization. d-Glucose was a...read more
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Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability
TL;DR: Recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass to IPCs (i.e., ethanol, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, isoprene, succinic and levulinic acids, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) are overviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
One-Pot Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Orange Waste Peels
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and facile one-pot synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from orange waste peels was performed using the hydrothermal carbonization method at a mild temperature (180 °C).
Journal ArticleDOI
Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by recyclable sulfonic acid-functionalized metal–organic frameworks
TL;DR: In this article, a series of sulfonic acid-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOF-SO3H) were prepared by postsynthetic modification (PSM) of the organic linkers within the MOF with chlorosulfonic acid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biorefinery roadmap based on catalytic production and upgrading 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Hou Qidong,Xinhua Qi,Zhen Meinan,Hengli Qian,Yifan Nie,Chuanyunlong Bai,Shiqiu Zhang,Xinyu Bai,Meiting Ju +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review describes the recent advances in the design and development of catalytic systems for the conversion of biomass and their constituent carbohydrates to HMF via hydrolysis, isomerization and dehydration reactions, and the upgrading of HMF towards polymer monomers, fine chemicals, fuel precursors, fuel additives, liquid fuels, and other platform chemicals via hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, etherification, amination and aldol condensation reactions, with emphasis on how the catalysts, solvents and reaction conditions determine the reaction pathway and product
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Homogeneous Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Fructose Dehydration and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural Rehydration: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
T. Dallas Swift,Christina Bagia,Vinit Choudhary,George Peklaris,Vladimiros Nikolakis,Dionisios G. Vlachos +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the first extensive experimental kinetic studies of fructose dehydration and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) rehydration at low temperatures over a wide range of conditions (T ∼ 70 −150 °C; pH values 0.7 −1.6 and initial concentrations of fructose (5 −20%w/v) and HMF (2.5 −10%w /v)).
References
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Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material
TL;DR: The current knowledge in the structure and chemistry of cellulose, and in the development of innovative cellulose esters and ethers for coatings, films, membranes, building materials, drilling techniques, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs are assembled.
Journal ArticleDOI
The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials
Arthur J. Ragauskas,Charlotte K. Williams,Brian H. Davison,George J. P. Britovsek,John Cairney,Charles A. Eckert,William J. Frederick,Jason P. Hallett,David J. Leak,Charles L. Liotta,Jonathan R. Mielenz,Richard J. Murphy,Richard H. Templer,Timothy J. Tschaplinski +13 more
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Supporting Online Material for: Ethanol Can Contribute To Energy and Environmental Goals
TL;DR: This article evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol and found that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline, and that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals
Alexander E. Farrell,Richard J. Plevin,Brian T. Turner,Andrew D. Jones,Michael O'Hare,Daniel M. Kammen +5 more
TL;DR: It is already clear that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology and new metrics that measure specific resource inputs are developed, but further research into environmental metrics is needed.