Book ChapterDOI
Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations: SMEAR
TLDR
In this article, the SMEAR II and I measuring systems were implemented to measure material and energy fluxes between forest ecosystem and its surroundings and within the ecosystem, and they measured the processes generating the fluxes and environmental factors affecting the processes.Abstract:
We planned and implemented the SMEAR II and I measuring systems to measure material and energy fluxes between forest ecosystem and its surroundings and within the ecosystem. In addition, we measured the processes generating the fluxes and environmental factors affecting the processes. We constructed SMEAR I in 1991 and SMEAR II in 1994–1996. The mass and energy fluxes play an important role in our physical and physiological theory of forest ecology. The construction principle of SMEAR measuring stations is coherent with our theory, and this is why the data obtained at SMEAR stations have been useful in the development and testing of our theory.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol
Mikael Ehn,Joel A. Thornton,Einhard Kleist,Mikko Sipilä,Heikki Junninen,Iida Pullinen,Monika Springer,Florian Rubach,Ralf Tillmann,Ben H. Lee,Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker,S. Andres,Ismail-Hakki Acir,Matti P. Rissanen,Tuija Jokinen,Siegfried Schobesberger,Juha Kangasluoma,Jenni Kontkanen,Tuomo Nieminen,Theo Kurtén,Lasse B. Nielsen,Solvejg Jørgensen,Henrik G. Kjaergaard,Manjula R. Canagaratna,Miikka Dal Maso,Torsten Berndt,Tuukka Petäjä,Andreas Wahner,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Markku Kulmala,Douglas R. Worsnop,Juergen Wildt,Thomas F. Mentel +32 more
TL;DR: It is found that a direct pathway leads from several biogenic VOCs, such as monoterpenes, to the formation of large amounts of extremely low-volatility vapours, helping to explain the discrepancy between the observed atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol and that reported by many model studies.
Journal Article
Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland
Miikka Dal Maso,Markku Kulmala,Ilona Riipinen,Robert Wagner,Tareq Hussein,Pasi Aalto,Kari E. J. Lehtinen +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed size distributions measured continuously at a boreal forest measurement site at Hyytiala, Finland between 1996 and 2003 and identified days when new aerosol particle formation was taking place as well as days when no formation was detected, removing days with ambiguous status.
Journal ArticleDOI
An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles
Annele Virtanen,Jorma Joutsensaari,Thomas Koop,Jonna Kannosto,Pasi Yli-Pirilä,Jani Leskinen,Jyrki M. Mäkelä,Jarmo K. Holopainen,Ulrich Pöschl,Markku Kulmala,Markku Kulmala,Douglas R. Worsnop,Ari Laaksonen,Ari Laaksonen +13 more
TL;DR: The results of this study challenge traditional views of the kinetics and thermodynamics of SOA formation and transformation in the atmosphere and their implications for air quality and climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system
Kenneth S. Carslaw,Olivier Boucher,Dominick V. Spracklen,Graham Mann,J. G. L. Rae,Simon Woodward,Markku Kulmala +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the impact of natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new atmospherically relevant oxidant of sulphur dioxide
Roy L. Mauldin,Roy L. Mauldin,Roy L. Mauldin,Torsten Berndt,Mikko Sipilä,Mikko Sipilä,Mikko Sipilä,Pauli Paasonen,Tuukka Petäjä,S. Kim,Theo Kurtén,Frank Stratmann,V.-M. Kerminen,Markku Kulmala +13 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that this new atmospherically relevant oxidation route is important relative to oxidation by the hydroxyl radical, at least at moderate concentrations of that radical.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests
Riccardo Valentini,Giorgio Matteucci,A. J. Dolman,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Corinna Rebmann,Eddy Moors,A. Granier,Patrick Gross,N.O. Jensen,Kim Pilegaard,Anders Lindroth,Achim Grelle,Christian Bernhofer,Thomas Grünwald,Marc Aubinet,Reinhart Ceulemans,Andrew S. Kowalski,Timo Vesala,Üllar Rannik,Paul Berbigier,Denis Loustau,Jón Guðmundsson,H. Thorgeirsson,A. Ibrom,K. Morgenstern,Robert Clement,John Moncrieff,Leonardo Montagnani,Stefano Minerbi,Paul G. Jarvis +29 more
TL;DR: Data of net ecosystem carbon exchange, collected between 1996 and 1998 from 15 European forests, confirm that many European forest ecosystems act as carbon sinks and indicate that, in general, ecosystem respiration determines netcosystem carbon exchange.
Book
Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report
Robert T. Watson,D. L. Albritton,T. Barker,I. A. Bashmakov,O. Canziani,R. Christ,Ulrich Cubasch,O. Davidson,H. Gitay,David John Griggs,John Theodore Houghton,J. House,Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz,M. Lal,N. Leary,C. Magadza,J. J. McCarthy,John F. B. Mitchell,José Roberto Moreira,M. Munasinghe,Ian R. Noble,R. Pachuri,B. Pittock,Michael J. Prather,R. G. Richels,R. B. Robinson,J. Sathaye,Stephen H. Schneider,Robert J. Scholes,Thomas F. Stocker,N. Sundararaman,R. Swart,Takashi Taniguchi,D. Zhou +33 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors and expert reviewers selected scientific, technical, and socio-economic questions from a panel of experts to be answered by the authors, and the questions were selected by the panel.
Book ChapterDOI
Modelling of Photosynthetic Response to Environmental Conditions
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of ribulose bisphosphate (RuP2)-saturated carboxylation, the ratio of photorespiration to carbon dioxide, and the rates of electron transport/photophosphorylation and of “dark” respiration in the light.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the formation, growth and composition of nucleation mode particles
Markku Kulmala,M. Dal Maso,Jyrki M. Mäkelä,Liisa Pirjola,M. Väkevä,Pasi Aalto,P. Miikkulainen,Kaarle Hämeri,Colin D. O'Dowd +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new analytical tool was developed to derive formation and growth properties of nucleation mode aerosols, taking advantage of only the measured aerosol particles spectral evolution as a function of time.
Related Papers (5)
Direct observations of atmospheric aerosol nucleation.
Markku Kulmala,Jenni Kontkanen,Heikki Junninen,Katrianne Lehtipalo,Hanna E. Manninen,Tuomo Nieminen,Tuomo Nieminen,Tuukka Petäjä,Mikko Sipilä,Siegfried Schobesberger,Pekka Rantala,Alessandro Franchin,Tuija Jokinen,Emma Järvinen,Mikko Äijälä,Juha Kangasluoma,Jani Hakala,P. P. Aalto,Pauli Paasonen,Jyri Mikkilä,Joonas Vanhanen,Juho Aalto,Hannele Hakola,Ulla Makkonen,Taina Ruuskanen,Roy L. Mauldin,Roy L. Mauldin,Jonathan Duplissy,Hanna Vehkamäki,Jaana Bäck,Aki Kortelainen,Ilona Riipinen,Theo Kurtén,Murray V. Johnston,James N. Smith,James N. Smith,Mikael Ehn,Mikael Ehn,Thomas F. Mentel,Kari E. J. Lehtinen,Kari E. J. Lehtinen,Ari Laaksonen,Ari Laaksonen,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Douglas R. Worsnop +44 more
A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol
Mikael Ehn,Joel A. Thornton,Einhard Kleist,Mikko Sipilä,Heikki Junninen,Iida Pullinen,Monika Springer,Florian Rubach,Ralf Tillmann,Ben H. Lee,Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker,S. Andres,Ismail-Hakki Acir,Matti P. Rissanen,Tuija Jokinen,Siegfried Schobesberger,Juha Kangasluoma,Jenni Kontkanen,Tuomo Nieminen,Theo Kurtén,Lasse B. Nielsen,Solvejg Jørgensen,Henrik G. Kjaergaard,Manjula R. Canagaratna,Miikka Dal Maso,Torsten Berndt,Tuukka Petäjä,Andreas Wahner,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Markku Kulmala,Douglas R. Worsnop,Juergen Wildt,Thomas F. Mentel +32 more