Journal ArticleDOI
Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests
Riccardo Valentini,Giorgio Matteucci,A. J. Dolman,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Corinna Rebmann,Eddy Moors,A. Granier,Patrick Gross,N.O. Jensen,Kim Pilegaard,Anders Lindroth,Achim Grelle,Christian Bernhofer,Thomas Grünwald,Marc Aubinet,Reinhart Ceulemans,Andrew S. Kowalski,Timo Vesala,Üllar Rannik,Paul Berbigier,Denis Loustau,Jón Guðmundsson,H. Thorgeirsson,A. Ibrom,K. Morgenstern,Robert Clement,John Moncrieff,Leonardo Montagnani,Stefano Minerbi,Paul G. Jarvis +29 more
TLDR
Data of net ecosystem carbon exchange, collected between 1996 and 1998 from 15 European forests, confirm that many European forest ecosystems act as carbon sinks and indicate that, in general, ecosystem respiration determines netcosystem carbon exchange.Abstract:
Carbon exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is one of the key processes that need to be assessed in the context of the Kyoto Protocol1. Several studies suggest that the terrestrial biosphere is gaining carbon2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but these estimates are obtained primarily by indirect methods, and the factors that control terrestrial carbon exchange, its magnitude and primary locations, are under debate. Here we present data of net ecosystem carbon exchange, collected between 1996 and 1998 from 15 European forests, which confirm that many European forest ecosystems act as carbon sinks. The annual carbon balances range from an uptake of 6.6 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year to a release of nearly 1 t C ha-1 yr-1, with a large variability between forests. The data show a significant increase of carbon uptake with decreasing latitude, whereas the gross primary production seems to be largely independent of latitude. Our observations indicate that, in general, ecosystem respiration determines net ecosystem carbon exchange. Also, for an accurate assessment of the carbon balance in a particular forest ecosystem, remote sensing of the normalized difference vegetation index or estimates based on forest inventories may not be sufficient.read more
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Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plumbing the Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Inland Waters into the Terrestrial Carbon Budget
Jonathan J. Cole,Yves T. Prairie,Nina F. Caraco,William H. McDowell,Lars J. Tranvik,Robert G. Striegl,Carlos M. Duarte,Pirkko Kortelainen,John A. Downing,Jack J. Middelburg,John M. Melack +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of inland water ecosystems in the global carbon cycle has been investigated and it is shown that roughly twice as much C enters inland aquatic systems from land as is exported from land to the sea, roughly equally as inorganic and organic carbon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate
James F. Gillooly,James H. Brown,James H. Brown,Geoffrey B. West,Geoffrey B. West,Van M. Savage,Van M. Savage,Eric L. Charnov +7 more
TL;DR: A general model is derived, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0° to 40°C.
Journal ArticleDOI
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities
Dennis D. Baldocchi,Eva Falge,Lianhong Gu,Richard J. Olson,David Y. Hollinger,Steven W. Running,P. M. Anthoni,Ch. Bernhofer,Kenneth J. Davis,Robert G. Evans,Jose D. Fuentes,Allen H. Goldstein,Gabriel G. Katul,Beverly E. Law,Xuhui Lee,Yadvinder Malhi,Tilden P. Meyers,William Munger,Walter C. Oechel,Kim Pilegaard,Hans Peter Schmid,Riccardo Valentini,Shashi B. Verma,Timo Vesala,Kell B. Wilson,S. C. Wofsy +25 more
TL;DR: The FLUXNET project as mentioned in this paper is a global network of micrometeorological flux measurement sites that measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere.
Book
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
TL;DR: In this paper, the Ecosystem Concept is used to describe the Earth's Climate System and Geology and Soils, and the ecosystem concept is used for managing and sustaining ecosystems.
References
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