Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways
Yoonseob Kim,Jian Zhu,Bongiun Yeom,Matthew Di Prima,Xianli Su,Jin-Gyu Kim,Seung-Ho Jo Yoo,Ctirad Uher,Nicholas A. Kotov +8 more
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TLDR
Stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation are demonstrated, demonstrating the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress.Abstract:
Research in stretchable conductors is fuelled by diverse technological needs. Flexible electronics, neuroprosthetic and cardiostimulating implants, soft robotics and other curvilinear systems require materials with high conductivity over a tensile strain of 100 per cent (refs 1-3). Furthermore, implantable devices or stretchable displays need materials with conductivities a thousand times higher while retaining a strain of 100 per cent. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate during material deformation and stiffening make stretchability and conductivity fundamentally difficult properties to combine. The macroscale stretching of solids elongates chemical bonds, leading to the reduced overlap and delocalization of electronic orbitals. This conductivity-stretchability dilemma can be exemplified by liquid metals, in which conduction pathways are retained on large deformation but weak interatomic bonds lead to compromised strength. The best-known stretchable conductors use polymer matrices containing percolated networks of high-aspect-ratio nanometre-scale tubes or nanowires to address this dilemma to some extent. Further improvements have been achieved by using fillers (the conductive component) with increased aspect ratio, of all-metallic composition, or with specific alignment (the way the fillers are arranged in the matrix). However, the synthesis and separation of high-aspect-ratio fillers is challenging, stiffness increases with the volume content of metallic filler, and anisotropy increases with alignment. Pre-strained substrates, buckled microwires and three-dimensional microfluidic polymer networks have also been explored. Here we demonstrate stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation. High conductivity and stretchability were observed in both composites despite the minimal aspect ratio of the nanoparticles. These materials also demonstrate the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress. A modified percolation theory incorporating the self-assembly behaviour of nanoparticles gave an excellent match with the experimental data.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Skin-inspired electronics: emerging semiconductor devices and systems
TL;DR: Skin-inspired electronics have emerged as a new class of devices and systems for next-generation flexible and wearable electronics, which may find a broad range of applications in cutting-edge fields such as healthcare monitoring, human-machine interface, and soft robotics/prostheses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spirally Structured Conductive Composites for Highly Stretchable, Robust Conductors and Sensors
TL;DR: This novel and efficient methodology provides a new design philosophy for manufacturing not only stretchable conductors and sensors but also other stretchable electronics, such as transistors, generators, artificial muscles, etc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable Cephalopod-Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems.
TL;DR: Stretchable copolymer membranes are used for the fabrication of mechanically and electrically actuated camouflage devices that function over an unprecedented spectral window and may afford new scientific and technological opportunities not only for adaptive optics and photonics but also for any platform that can benefit from simultaneously controlling visible light and heat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foundations for Soft, Smart Matter by Active Mechanical Metamaterials.
Maya Pishvar,Ryan L. Harne +1 more
TL;DR: This Review surveys the intrinsically multidisciplinary body of science targeted to realize soft, smart matter via innovations in active mechanical metamaterials and proposes ongoing research targets that may deliver the promise of autonomous, engineered matter to full fruition.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Overview of Electromagnetic Band-Gap Integrated Wearable Antennas
Adel Y. I. Ashyap,Samsul Haimi Dahlan,Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin,Muhammad Inam Abbasi,Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin,Huda A. Majid,Muhammad Hashim Dahri,Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin,Akram Alomainy +8 more
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art wearable/flexible antennas integrated with the electromagnetic band-gap structure on flexible materials concentrating on single and dual-band designs are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications
TL;DR: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites
TL;DR: In this article, a general approach for multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations has been proposed and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics
TL;DR: Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments, and applications in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Darren J. Lipomi,Michael Vosgueritchian,Benjamin C. K. Tee,Sondra L. Hellstrom,Jennifer A. Lee,Courtney H. Fox,Zhenan Bao +6 more
TL;DR: Transparent, conducting spray-deposited films of single-walled carbon nanotubes are reported that can be rendered stretchable by applying strain along each axis, and then releasing this strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors
Tsuyoshi Sekitani,Hiroyoshi Nakajima,Hiroki Maeda,Takanori Fukushima,Takuzo Aida,Kenji Hata,Takao Someya +6 more
TL;DR: The manufacture of printable elastic conductors comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uniformly dispersed in a fluorinated rubber is described, which is constructed a rubber-like stretchable active-matrix display comprising integrated printed elastic conductor, organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.