Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways
Yoonseob Kim,Jian Zhu,Bongiun Yeom,Matthew Di Prima,Xianli Su,Jin-Gyu Kim,Seung-Ho Jo Yoo,Ctirad Uher,Nicholas A. Kotov +8 more
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TLDR
Stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation are demonstrated, demonstrating the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress.Abstract:
Research in stretchable conductors is fuelled by diverse technological needs. Flexible electronics, neuroprosthetic and cardiostimulating implants, soft robotics and other curvilinear systems require materials with high conductivity over a tensile strain of 100 per cent (refs 1-3). Furthermore, implantable devices or stretchable displays need materials with conductivities a thousand times higher while retaining a strain of 100 per cent. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate during material deformation and stiffening make stretchability and conductivity fundamentally difficult properties to combine. The macroscale stretching of solids elongates chemical bonds, leading to the reduced overlap and delocalization of electronic orbitals. This conductivity-stretchability dilemma can be exemplified by liquid metals, in which conduction pathways are retained on large deformation but weak interatomic bonds lead to compromised strength. The best-known stretchable conductors use polymer matrices containing percolated networks of high-aspect-ratio nanometre-scale tubes or nanowires to address this dilemma to some extent. Further improvements have been achieved by using fillers (the conductive component) with increased aspect ratio, of all-metallic composition, or with specific alignment (the way the fillers are arranged in the matrix). However, the synthesis and separation of high-aspect-ratio fillers is challenging, stiffness increases with the volume content of metallic filler, and anisotropy increases with alignment. Pre-strained substrates, buckled microwires and three-dimensional microfluidic polymer networks have also been explored. Here we demonstrate stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation. High conductivity and stretchability were observed in both composites despite the minimal aspect ratio of the nanoparticles. These materials also demonstrate the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress. A modified percolation theory incorporating the self-assembly behaviour of nanoparticles gave an excellent match with the experimental data.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodegradable nanofibrous polymeric substrates for generating elastic and flexible electronics.
Alireza Hassani Najafabadi,Alireza Hassani Najafabadi,Alireza Hassani Najafabadi,Ali Tamayol,Ali Tamayol,Nasim Annabi,Nasim Annabi,Nasim Annabi,Manuel Ochoa,Pooria Mostafalu,Mohsen Akbari,Mohsen Akbari,Mohsen Akbari,Mehdi Nikkhah,Mehdi Nikkhah,Rahim Rahimi,Mehmet R. Dokmeci,Mehmet R. Dokmeci,Sameer Sonkusale,Babak Ziaie,Ali Khademhosseini +20 more
TL;DR: A fibrous microstructure of the substrate makes it permeable to gas and liquid and facilitates the patterning process and the proposed system can be implemented in the field of bioresorbable electronics and the emerging area of smart wound dressings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standing Enokitake-like Nanowire Films for Highly Stretchable Elastronics
Yan Wang,Shu Gong,Stephen Jia Wang,Xinyi Yang,Yunzhi Ling,Lim Wei Yap,Da Sheng Dong,George P. Simon,Wenlong Cheng +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that standing enokitake-like gold-nanowire-based films chemically bonded to an elastomer can be stretched up to 900% and are highly durable, with >93% conductivity recovery even after 2000 stretching/releasing cycles to 800% strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fully Printed Stretchable Thin-Film Transistors and Integrated Logic Circuits
TL;DR: In this paper, intrinsically stretchable thin-film transistors (TFTs) and integrated logic circuits are directly printed on elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics
TL;DR: This review surveys recent advancements in employing various morphological and nanostructural control methods to impart mechanical flexibility and/or to enhance electrical properties in intrinsically stretchable electronics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fabrication of highly transparent and flexible nanomesh electrode via self-assembly of ultrathin gold nanowires
Shu Gong,Shu Gong,Yunmeng Zhao,Yunmeng Zhao,Lim Wei Yap,Lim Wei Yap,Qianqian Shi,Qianqian Shi,Yan Wang,Yan Wang,Johanis Aryo P. B. Bay,Daniel T. H. Lai,Hemayet Uddin,Hemayet Uddin,Wenlong Cheng +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a bottom-up self-assembly approach to fabricate mesh electrode using ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs) at the air/water interface is reported Slow partial ligand removal during the aging process is the key for the formation of such selfassembled mesh structures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications
TL;DR: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites
TL;DR: In this article, a general approach for multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations has been proposed and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics
TL;DR: Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments, and applications in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Darren J. Lipomi,Michael Vosgueritchian,Benjamin C. K. Tee,Sondra L. Hellstrom,Jennifer A. Lee,Courtney H. Fox,Zhenan Bao +6 more
TL;DR: Transparent, conducting spray-deposited films of single-walled carbon nanotubes are reported that can be rendered stretchable by applying strain along each axis, and then releasing this strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors
Tsuyoshi Sekitani,Hiroyoshi Nakajima,Hiroki Maeda,Takanori Fukushima,Takuzo Aida,Kenji Hata,Takao Someya +6 more
TL;DR: The manufacture of printable elastic conductors comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uniformly dispersed in a fluorinated rubber is described, which is constructed a rubber-like stretchable active-matrix display comprising integrated printed elastic conductor, organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.