Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways
Yoonseob Kim,Jian Zhu,Bongiun Yeom,Matthew Di Prima,Xianli Su,Jin-Gyu Kim,Seung-Ho Jo Yoo,Ctirad Uher,Nicholas A. Kotov +8 more
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TLDR
Stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation are demonstrated, demonstrating the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress.Abstract:
Research in stretchable conductors is fuelled by diverse technological needs. Flexible electronics, neuroprosthetic and cardiostimulating implants, soft robotics and other curvilinear systems require materials with high conductivity over a tensile strain of 100 per cent (refs 1-3). Furthermore, implantable devices or stretchable displays need materials with conductivities a thousand times higher while retaining a strain of 100 per cent. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate during material deformation and stiffening make stretchability and conductivity fundamentally difficult properties to combine. The macroscale stretching of solids elongates chemical bonds, leading to the reduced overlap and delocalization of electronic orbitals. This conductivity-stretchability dilemma can be exemplified by liquid metals, in which conduction pathways are retained on large deformation but weak interatomic bonds lead to compromised strength. The best-known stretchable conductors use polymer matrices containing percolated networks of high-aspect-ratio nanometre-scale tubes or nanowires to address this dilemma to some extent. Further improvements have been achieved by using fillers (the conductive component) with increased aspect ratio, of all-metallic composition, or with specific alignment (the way the fillers are arranged in the matrix). However, the synthesis and separation of high-aspect-ratio fillers is challenging, stiffness increases with the volume content of metallic filler, and anisotropy increases with alignment. Pre-strained substrates, buckled microwires and three-dimensional microfluidic polymer networks have also been explored. Here we demonstrate stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation. High conductivity and stretchability were observed in both composites despite the minimal aspect ratio of the nanoparticles. These materials also demonstrate the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress. A modified percolation theory incorporating the self-assembly behaviour of nanoparticles gave an excellent match with the experimental data.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biomimetic, recyclable, highly stretchable and self-healing conductors enabled by dual reversible bonds
Kui Li,Xu Zhipeng,Songfang Zhao,Xiangying Meng,Ruliang Zhang,Jinhui Li,Jinfeng Leng,Guoping Zhang,Duxia Cao,Rong Sun +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of mechanically and electrically selfhealing conductive tendrils composed of self-healing/shape memory polymers and conductive percolation networks are fabricated, which possess enhanced conductivity retention capability under stretching states.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Single Droplet-Printed Double-Side Universal Soft Electronic Platform for Highly Integrated Stretchable Hybrid Electronics
TL;DR: In this paper, a double-side universal soft electronic platform is proposed for practical data processing and computing with advanced capabilities of universal circuit design and multilayer device integration into a single platform.
Journal ArticleDOI
Programming Cells for Dynamic Assembly of Inorganic Nano-Objects with Spatiotemporal Control.
Xinyu Wang,Xinyu Wang,Jiahua Pu,Jiahua Pu,Bolin An,Bolin An,Yingfeng Li,Yingfeng Li,Yuequn Shang,Yuequn Shang,Zhijun Ning,Yi Liu,Fang Ba,Jiaming Zhang,Chao Zhong +14 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that biologically dynamic self-assembly can be used to advance a new repertoire of nanotechnologies and materials with increasing complexity that would be otherwise challenging to produce.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable manufacturing of sensors onto soft systems using self-coagulating conductive Pickering emulsions
Sang Yup Kim,Youngwoo Choo,R. Adam Bilodeau,R. Adam Bilodeau,Michelle C. Yuen,Gilad Kaufman,Dylan S. Shah,Chinedum O. Osuji,Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio +8 more
TL;DR: An ethanol-based Pickering emulsion that spontaneously forms conductive composites is used to sustainably manufacture compliant strain sensors that exhibit high strain sensitivity with negligible hysteresis, making them suitable for wearable and robotic applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Readily attainable spongy foam photocatalyst for promising practical photocatalysis
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible and porous organic matrix polyurethane foam (PUF) with nanosheet-array-like bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) was integrated as efficient and stable photocatalysts via a facile dipping-hydrolysis means.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications
TL;DR: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites
TL;DR: In this article, a general approach for multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations has been proposed and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics
TL;DR: Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments, and applications in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Darren J. Lipomi,Michael Vosgueritchian,Benjamin C. K. Tee,Sondra L. Hellstrom,Jennifer A. Lee,Courtney H. Fox,Zhenan Bao +6 more
TL;DR: Transparent, conducting spray-deposited films of single-walled carbon nanotubes are reported that can be rendered stretchable by applying strain along each axis, and then releasing this strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors
Tsuyoshi Sekitani,Hiroyoshi Nakajima,Hiroki Maeda,Takanori Fukushima,Takuzo Aida,Kenji Hata,Takao Someya +6 more
TL;DR: The manufacture of printable elastic conductors comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uniformly dispersed in a fluorinated rubber is described, which is constructed a rubber-like stretchable active-matrix display comprising integrated printed elastic conductor, organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.