Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways
Yoonseob Kim,Jian Zhu,Bongiun Yeom,Matthew Di Prima,Xianli Su,Jin-Gyu Kim,Seung-Ho Jo Yoo,Ctirad Uher,Nicholas A. Kotov +8 more
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TLDR
Stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation are demonstrated, demonstrating the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress.Abstract:
Research in stretchable conductors is fuelled by diverse technological needs. Flexible electronics, neuroprosthetic and cardiostimulating implants, soft robotics and other curvilinear systems require materials with high conductivity over a tensile strain of 100 per cent (refs 1-3). Furthermore, implantable devices or stretchable displays need materials with conductivities a thousand times higher while retaining a strain of 100 per cent. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate during material deformation and stiffening make stretchability and conductivity fundamentally difficult properties to combine. The macroscale stretching of solids elongates chemical bonds, leading to the reduced overlap and delocalization of electronic orbitals. This conductivity-stretchability dilemma can be exemplified by liquid metals, in which conduction pathways are retained on large deformation but weak interatomic bonds lead to compromised strength. The best-known stretchable conductors use polymer matrices containing percolated networks of high-aspect-ratio nanometre-scale tubes or nanowires to address this dilemma to some extent. Further improvements have been achieved by using fillers (the conductive component) with increased aspect ratio, of all-metallic composition, or with specific alignment (the way the fillers are arranged in the matrix). However, the synthesis and separation of high-aspect-ratio fillers is challenging, stiffness increases with the volume content of metallic filler, and anisotropy increases with alignment. Pre-strained substrates, buckled microwires and three-dimensional microfluidic polymer networks have also been explored. Here we demonstrate stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation. High conductivity and stretchability were observed in both composites despite the minimal aspect ratio of the nanoparticles. These materials also demonstrate the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress. A modified percolation theory incorporating the self-assembly behaviour of nanoparticles gave an excellent match with the experimental data.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Liquid Metals for Soft and Stretchable Electronics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the properties, patterning methods, and applications of these remarkable materials to form devices with extremely soft mechanical properties, and concluded with an outlook and future challenges of these materials within this context.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ink-Lithography for Property Engineering and Patterning of Nanocrystal Thin Films.
Junhyuk Ahn,Sanghyun Jeon,Ho Kun Woo,Junsung Bang,Yong Min Lee,Steven J. Neuhaus,Woo Seok Lee,Taesung Park,Sang Yeop Lee,Byung Ku Jung,Hyungmok Joh,Mingi Seong,Ji Hyuk Choi,Ho Gyu Yoon,Cherie R. Kagan,Soong Ju Oh +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-step ink-lithography technique was used to pattern and engineer the properties of thin films of colloidal nanocrystals that exploits their chemically addressable surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Salt-Driven Deposition of Thermoresponsive Polymer-Coated Metal Nanoparticles on Solid Substrates.
Zhiyue Zhang,Samarendra Maji,Andre Bruno da fonseca Antunes,Riet De Rycke,Richard Hoogenboom,Bruno G. De Geest +5 more
TL;DR: A simple, generally applicable method for depositing metal nanoparticles on a wide variety of solid surfaces under all aqueous conditions is reported and it is hypothesized that salt ion-induced screening of electrostatic charges on the nanoparticle surface entropically favors hydrophobic association between the polymer-coated nanoparticles and ahydrophobic substrate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultracompliant Carbon Nanotube Direct Bladder Device.
Dongxiao Yan,Tim M. Bruns,Yuting Wu,Lauren Zimmerman,Chris Stephan,Anne P. Cameron,Euisik Yoon,John P. Seymour +7 more
TL;DR: This work is an important step toward the translation of low-durometer elastomers, stretchable CNT percolation, and platinum-silicone composite, which are ideal for large-strain bioelectric applications to sense or modulate dynamic organ states.
Journal ArticleDOI
Density Modulation of Embedded Nanoparticles via Spatial, Temporal, and Chemical Control Elements
Edward K.W. Tan,Pawan Kumar Shrestha,Amol V. Pansare,Subhananda Chakrabarti,Shunpu Li,Daping Chu,Christopher R. Lowe,Amit A. Nagarkar +7 more
TL;DR: This strategy provides access to the control of optical, electronic, and chemical parameters (multimetal patterning) in nanoparticle polymer composites, to demonstrate dynamic optical and electronic properties that can be processed on-demand, without the need for expensive equipment or cleanroom facilities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications
TL;DR: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites
TL;DR: In this article, a general approach for multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations has been proposed and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics
TL;DR: Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments, and applications in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Darren J. Lipomi,Michael Vosgueritchian,Benjamin C. K. Tee,Sondra L. Hellstrom,Jennifer A. Lee,Courtney H. Fox,Zhenan Bao +6 more
TL;DR: Transparent, conducting spray-deposited films of single-walled carbon nanotubes are reported that can be rendered stretchable by applying strain along each axis, and then releasing this strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors
Tsuyoshi Sekitani,Hiroyoshi Nakajima,Hiroki Maeda,Takanori Fukushima,Takuzo Aida,Kenji Hata,Takao Someya +6 more
TL;DR: The manufacture of printable elastic conductors comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uniformly dispersed in a fluorinated rubber is described, which is constructed a rubber-like stretchable active-matrix display comprising integrated printed elastic conductor, organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.