Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways
Yoonseob Kim,Jian Zhu,Bongiun Yeom,Matthew Di Prima,Xianli Su,Jin-Gyu Kim,Seung-Ho Jo Yoo,Ctirad Uher,Nicholas A. Kotov +8 more
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TLDR
Stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation are demonstrated, demonstrating the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress.Abstract:
Research in stretchable conductors is fuelled by diverse technological needs. Flexible electronics, neuroprosthetic and cardiostimulating implants, soft robotics and other curvilinear systems require materials with high conductivity over a tensile strain of 100 per cent (refs 1-3). Furthermore, implantable devices or stretchable displays need materials with conductivities a thousand times higher while retaining a strain of 100 per cent. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate during material deformation and stiffening make stretchability and conductivity fundamentally difficult properties to combine. The macroscale stretching of solids elongates chemical bonds, leading to the reduced overlap and delocalization of electronic orbitals. This conductivity-stretchability dilemma can be exemplified by liquid metals, in which conduction pathways are retained on large deformation but weak interatomic bonds lead to compromised strength. The best-known stretchable conductors use polymer matrices containing percolated networks of high-aspect-ratio nanometre-scale tubes or nanowires to address this dilemma to some extent. Further improvements have been achieved by using fillers (the conductive component) with increased aspect ratio, of all-metallic composition, or with specific alignment (the way the fillers are arranged in the matrix). However, the synthesis and separation of high-aspect-ratio fillers is challenging, stiffness increases with the volume content of metallic filler, and anisotropy increases with alignment. Pre-strained substrates, buckled microwires and three-dimensional microfluidic polymer networks have also been explored. Here we demonstrate stretchable conductors of polyurethane containing spherical nanoparticles deposited by either layer-by-layer assembly or vacuum-assisted flocculation. High conductivity and stretchability were observed in both composites despite the minimal aspect ratio of the nanoparticles. These materials also demonstrate the electronic tunability of mechanical properties, which arise from the dynamic self-organization of the nanoparticles under stress. A modified percolation theory incorporating the self-assembly behaviour of nanoparticles gave an excellent match with the experimental data.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The rise of plastic bioelectronics
TL;DR: Plastic bioelectronics is a research field that takes advantage of the inherent properties of polymers and soft organic electronics for applications at the interface of biology and electronics, which are soft, stretchable and mechanically conformable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals.
TL;DR: The use of liquid metals based on gallium for soft and stretchable electronics is discussed, and these metals can be used actively to form memory devices, sensors, and diodes that are completely built from soft materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine
Beatriz Pelaz,Christoph Alexiou,Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla,Frauke Alves,Frauke Alves,Anne M. Andrews,Sumaira Ashraf,Lajos P. Balogh,Laura Ballerini,Alessandra Bestetti,Cornelia Brendel,Susanna Bosi,Mónica Carril,Warren C. W. Chan,Chunying Chen,Xiaodong Chen,Xiaoyuan Chen,Zhen Cheng,Daxiang Cui,Jianzhong Du,Christian Dullin,Alberto Escudero,Alberto Escudero,Neus Feliu,Mingyuan Gao,Michael D. George,Yury Gogotsi,Arnold Grünweller,Zhongwei Gu,Naomi J. Halas,Norbert Hampp,Roland K. Hartmann,Mark C. Hersam,Patrick Hunziker,Ji Jian,Xingyu Jiang,Philipp Jungebluth,Pranav Kadhiresan,Kazunori Kataoka,Ali Khademhosseini,Jindřich Kopeček,Nicholas A. Kotov,Harald F. Krug,Dong Soo Lee,Claus-Michael Lehr,Kam W. Leong,Xing-Jie Liang,Mei Ling Lim,Luis M. Liz-Marzán,Xiaowei Ma,Paolo Macchiarini,Huan Meng,Helmuth Möhwald,Paul Mulvaney,Andre E. Nel,Shuming Nie,Peter Nordlander,Teruo Okano,Jose Oliveira,Tai Hyun Park,Reginald M. Penner,Maurizio Prato,Maurizio Prato,Víctor F. Puntes,Vincent M. Rotello,Amila Samarakoon,Raymond E. Schaak,Youqing Shen,Sebastian Sjöqvist,Andre G. Skirtach,Andre G. Skirtach,Mahmoud Soliman,Molly M. Stevens,Hsing-Wen Sung,Ben Zhong Tang,Rainer Tietze,Buddhisha Udugama,J. Scott VanEpps,Tanja Weil,Tanja Weil,Paul S. Weiss,Itamar Willner,Yuzhou Wu,Yuzhou Wu,Lily Yang,Zhao Yue,Qian Zhang,Qiang Zhang,Xian-En Zhang,Yuliang Zhao,Xin Zhou,Wolfgang J. Parak +91 more
TL;DR: An overview of recent developments in nanomedicine is provided and the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field are highlighted and translation to the clinic is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin‐Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics
TL;DR: Recent progress in electronic skin or e‐skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin‐attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics.
PatentDOI
Highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer
Yue Wang,Zhenan Bao +1 more
TL;DR: A highly stretchable conducting polymer, realized with a range of enhancers that serve a dual function: (i) they change morphology and (ii) they act as conductivity-enhancing dopants in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oriented pearl-necklace arrays of metallic nanoparticles in polymers : a new route toward polarization-dependent color filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional nanonetworks for giant stretchability in dielectrics and conductors
Junyong Park,Shuodao Wang,Ming Li,Changui Ahn,Jerome K. Hyun,Dong Seok Kim,Do Kyung Kim,John A. Rogers,Yonggang Huang,Seokwoo Jeon +9 more
TL;DR: Large-area, three-dimensional nano-architectures that achieve large-area levels of stretchability that extend beyond intrinsic limits of bulk materials in materials that offer both insulating and conductive properties are reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polymer-embedded carbon nanotube ribbons for stretchable conductors.
Yingying Zhang,Chris J. Sheehan,Junyi Zhai,Guifu Zou,Hongmei Luo,Jie Xiong,Yuntian Zhu,Quanxi Jia +7 more
TL;DR: The creation of stretchable electronics is emerging as one of the most interesting research topics in materials science and technology and devices that are stretchable, foldable, and deformable into complex curvilinear shapes can enable many new applications that would be impossible by conventional rigid electronics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical control and patterning of gold-nanorod-poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films
TL;DR: In this article, gold nanorods with well-defined aspect ratios are homogeneously incorporated within polyvinyl alcohol thin films and subsequently aligned by heating and stretching the nanocomposite films.