Suppression by diets rich in fish oil of very low density lipoprotein production in man.
TLDR
The highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils lower the plasma triglyceride concentration and presumptive evidence for substantial independent influx of LDL during the fish oil diet is found, based on the precursor-product relationship between the intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL apoprotein B specific radioactivity-time curves.Abstract:
The highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils lower the plasma triglyceride concentration We have studied the effect of a diet rich in fish oil on the rate of production of the triglyceride-transporting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Seven subjects, five normal and two with hypertriglyceridemia received up to 30% of daily energy needs from a fish oil preparation that was rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids with five and six double bonds, respectively Compared with a diet similarly enriched with safflower oil (in which the predominant fatty acid is the omega-6 linoleic acid, with two double bonds), the fish oil diet lowered VLDL lipids and B apoprotein concentrations profoundly High density lipoprotein lipids and A1 apoprotein were also lowered, but the effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration was inconsistent The daily production or flux of VLDL apoprotein B, calculated from reinjected autologous 125I-labeled lipoprotein, was substantially less in six subjects studied after 3 wk of fish oil, compared with after safflower oil This effect on flux was more consistent than that on the irreversible fractional removal rate, which was increased in the four normolipidemic but inconsistent in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects This suggests that fish oil reduced primarily the production of VLDL The daily production of VLDL triglyceride, calculated from the kinetics of the triglyceride specific radioactivity-time curves after [3H]glycerol was injected, also showed very substantial reductions in five subjects studied The marked suppression in VLDL apoprotein B and VLDL triglyceride formation was found not to be due to diminished plasma total free fatty acid or plasma eicosapentaenoic flux, calculated during constant infusions of [14C]eicosapentaenoic acid and [3H]oleic acid in four subjects In two subjects there was presumptive evidence for substantial independent influx of LDL during the fish oil diet, based on the precursor-product relationship between the intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL apoprotein B specific radioactivity-time curvesread more
Citations
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Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease
TL;DR: Alpha-linolenic acid, found in green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, rapeseed, and walnuts, desaturates and elongates in the human body to EPA and DHA and by itself may have beneficial effects in health and in the control of chronic diseases.
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Importance of n−3 fatty acids in health and disease
TL;DR: The 38 articles in this supplement document the importance of n-3 fatty acids in both health and disease.
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Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review.
TL;DR: Fish oil or linolenic acid may serve as alternative sources of long-chain n-3 FAs, but further studies will be needed to document their hypolipidemic and/or antiatherogenic effects.
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Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids
Alexander Leaf,Peter C. Weber +1 more
TL;DR: Effets preventifs et benefiques sur l'atherosclerose et l'infarctus, dans l'alimentation, sur les lipides plasmatiques, sur le metabolisme and the fonctions des eicosanoides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management
M. John Chapman,Henry N. Ginsberg,Pierre Amarenco,Felicita Andreotti,Jan Borén,Alberico L. Catapano,Olivier S. Descamps,Edward A. Fisher,Petri T. Kovanen,Jan Albert Kuivenhoven,Philippe Lesnik,Luis Masana,Børge G. Nordestgaard,Kausik K. Ray,Zeljko Reiner,Marja-Riitta Taskinen,Lale Tokgozoglu,Anne Tybjærg-Hansen,Gerald F. Watts +18 more
TL;DR: Recommendations will facilitate reduction in the substantial cardiovascular risk that persists in patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities at LDL-C goal, and that therapeutic targeting of elevated triglycerides, a marker of TRL and their remnants, and/or low HDL-C may provide further benefit.
References
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Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
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The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum
TL;DR: The relatively low density of the lipoproteins was utilized by Lindgren, Elliott, and Gofman to separate them from the other serum proteins by ultracentrifugal flotation, and quantitation was subsequently performed by refractometric methods in the analytical ultracentRifuge.
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A comprehensive evaluation of the heparin-manganese precipitation procedure for estimating high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
G R Warnick,John J. Albers +1 more
TL;DR: Determination of the extent of the unprecipitated apoB-associated lipoproteins by sensitive radioimmunoassay and of the amount of precipitated high density lipoprotein by radial immunodiffusion assay of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II at various heparin and Mn(2+) concentrations indicated that the usual Heparin level was adequate.
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Colorimetric ultramicro method for the determination of free fatty acids
TL;DR: In this article, a colorimetric ultramicro method for the determination of serum and tissue fatty acids has been improved in sensitivity and selectivity by extracting cobalt rather than copper soaps by means of a solvent lighter than water instead of chloroform.