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Journal ArticleDOI

Targeting the microbiome-gut-brain axis for improving cognition in schizophrenia and major mood disorders: A narrative review.

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TLDR
Future clinical trials using probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation need to consider potential mechanistic pathways such as the HPA axis, the immune system, or gut-brain axis hormones involved in appetite control and energy homeostasis.
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been consistently found to be a core feature of serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and major mood disorders (major depression and bipolar disorder). In recent years, a great effort has been made in elucidating the biological causes of cognitive deficits and the search for new biomarkers of cognition. Microbiome and gut-brain axis (MGB) hormones have been postulated to be potential biomarkers of cognition in serious mental illnesses. The main aim of this review was to synthesize current evidence on the association of microbiome and gut-brain hormones on cognitive processes in schizophrenia and major mood disorders and the association of MGB hormones with stress and the immune system. Our review underscores the role of the MGB axis on cognitive aspects of serious mental illnesses with the potential use of agents targeting the gut microbiota as cognitive enhancers. However, the current evidence for clinical trials focused on the MGB axis as cognitive enhancers in these clinical populations is scarce. Future clinical trials using probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation need to consider potential mechanistic pathways such as the HPA axis, the immune system, or gut-brain axis hormones involved in appetite control and energy homeostasis.

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Citations
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Impact of Poly I:C induced maternal immune activation on offspring's gut microbiome diversity - Implications for schizophrenia.

TL;DR: In this article, the relevance of microbiome alterations in the polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic (PolyI:C) mouse model to human schizophrenia was explored.
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Role of Probiotics and Diet in the Management of Neurological Diseases and Mood States: A Review

TL;DR: In this paper , a review summarizes the importance and involvement of probiotics and diet in neuroprotection and managing representative neurological disorders, injuries and mood states, and concludes that probiotics could be considered an adjunct therapy to manage metabolic and psychiatric diseases.
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Food, nutrition and microbiota: what about the elderly?

TL;DR: The following review presents the objective of developing a search in various sources of information on the relevance of food and nutrition for the maintenance and balance of the microbiota in older people and mentions some contributions from new research.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: The present review reports some regulatory considerations regarding the use of probiotics, illustrating the most debated issues about the possibility of considering probiotics not only as a food supplement but also as a “full” medicinal product.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a genetic overlap between schizophrenia and cognitive functioning in healthy individuals has been identified, due to the genetic overlap of schizophrenia with cognitive functioning, and cognitive impairments constitute a core feature of schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI

The interplay between gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorders: A focus on immunological pathways.

TL;DR: An overview of how gut microbes and their metabolites are associated with neurobehavioral features of ASD through various immunologic mechanisms is provided and the potential therapeutic options that could modify these features are discussed.
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