The adverse effects of reduced cerebral perfusion on cognition and brain structure in older adults with cardiovascular disease.
Michael L. Alosco,John Gunstad,Beth A. Jerskey,Xiaomeng Xu,Uraina S. Clark,Jason Hassenstab,Denise M. Cote,Edward G. Walsh,Donald R. Labbe,Richard D. Hoge,Ronald A. Cohen,Ronald A. Cohen,Lawrence H. Sweet,Lawrence H. Sweet,Lawrence H. Sweet +14 more
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TLDR
This work examined the associations among cerebral perfusion, cognitive function, and brain structure in older adults with varying degrees of vascular disease using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL).Abstract:
Background
It is well established that aging and vascular processes interact to disrupt cerebral hemodynamics in older adults. However, the independent effects of cerebral perfusion on neurocognitive function among older adults remain poorly understood. We examined the associations among cerebral perfusion, cognitive function, and brain structure in older adults with varying degrees of vascular disease using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL).
Materials and methods
52 older adults underwent neuroimaging and were administered the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and measures of attention/executive function. ASL and T1-weighted MRI were used to quantify total brain perfusion, total brain volume (TBV), and cortical thickness.
Results
Regression analyses showed reduced total brain perfusion was associated with poorer performance on the MMSE, RBANS total index, immediate and delayed memory composites, and Trail Making Test B. Reduced frontal lobe perfusion was associated with worse executive and memory function. A similar pattern emerged between temporal lobe perfusion and immediate memory. Regression analyses revealed that decreased total brain perfusion was associated with smaller TBV and mean cortical thickness. Regional effects of reduced total cerebral perfusion were found on temporal and parietal lobe volumes and frontal and temporal cortical thickness.
Discussion
Reduced cerebral perfusion is independently associated with poorer cognition, smaller TBV, and reduced cortical thickness in older adults.
Conclusion
Prospective studies are needed to clarify patterns of cognitive decline and brain atrophy associated with cerebral hypoperfusion.read more
Citations
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Cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism: Key pathophysiological modulators promote neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: The importance of treating comorbid disease conditions to attenuate inflammation and ONS and ameliorate decreased cerebral blood flow and hypometabolism is underscored.
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Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review.
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing, and in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants.
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Cognitive Impairment and Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jane A. Cannon,Peter Moffitt,Ana Cristina Perez-Moreno,Matthew Walters,Niall M. Broomfield,John J.V. McMurray,Terence J. Quinn +6 more
TL;DR: A substantial proportion of patients with heart failure have concomitant cognitive problems, which has implications for planning treatment and services.
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Socioeconomic, health, and psychosocial mediators of racial disparities in cognition in early, middle, and late adulthood.
TL;DR: Modated mediation models characterized direct and indirect effects of race on episodic memory and executive function composite scores through economic, health, and psychosocial variables as a function of age group, finding that perceived discrimination was a weaker mediator among young adults and education was a stronger mediator at younger ages.
References
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TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
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TL;DR: Members of the Chamber Quantification Writing Group are: Roberto M. Lang, MD, Fase, Michelle Bierig, MPH, RDCS, FASE, Richard B. Devereux,MD, Frank A. Flachskampf, MD and Elyse Foster, MD.
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An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest.
Rahul S. Desikan,Florent Ségonne,Bruce Fischl,Bruce Fischl,Brian T. Quinn,Bradford C. Dickerson,Deborah Blacker,Randy L. Buckner,Randy L. Buckner,Anders M. Dale,R. Paul Maguire,Bradley T. Hyman,Marilyn S. Albert,Ronald J. Killiany +13 more
TL;DR: An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex into standard gyral-based neuroanatomical regions is both anatomically valid and reliable and may be useful for both morphometric and functional studies of the cerebral cortex.
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