Journal ArticleDOI
The changing faces of HP1: From heterochromatin formation and gene silencing to euchromatic gene expression: HP1 acts as a positive regulator of transcription.
So Hee Kwon,Jerry L. Workman +1 more
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TLDR
This work focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of HP1 in active transcription in euchromatin and how modification and localization ofHP1 can regulate distinct functions for this protein in different contexts.Abstract:
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a positive regulator of active transcription in euchromatin. HP1 was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a major component of heterochromatin. Most eukaryotes have at least three isoforms of HP1, which are conserved in overall structure but localize differentially to heterochromatin and euchromatin. Although initial studies revealed a key role for HP1 in heterochromatin formation and gene silencing, recent progress has shed light on additional roles for HP1 in processes such as euchromatic gene expression. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of HP1-mediated gene regulation in euchromatin. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding the role of HP1 in active transcription in euchromatin and how modification and localization of HP1 can regulate distinct functions for this protein in different contexts.read more
Citations
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Genome architecture: domain organization of interphase chromosomes
TL;DR: Together with microscopy and computational modeling, the results begin to yield a more coherent picture that integrates linear and three-dimensional views of chromosome organization in relation to gene regulation and other nuclear functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prime, repair, restore: the active role of chromatin in the DNA damage response.
TL;DR: This work revisits the existing access-repair-restore model and proposes a new working model involving priming chromatin for repair and restoration as a concerted process, and discusses how this impacts on both genomic and epigenomic stability and plasticity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcription factories: genome organization and gene regulation.
Argyris Papantonis,Peter R. Cook +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that transcription 'factories' are central organizers of the human genome during interphase, and that proximity to an appropriate factory determines the activity of a gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proteomic and genomic approaches reveal critical functions of H3K9 methylation and heterochromatin protein-1γ in reprogramming to pluripotency
Rupa Sridharan,Michelle Gonzales-Cope,Constantinos Chronis,Giancarlo Bonora,Robin McKee,Chengyang Huang,Sanjeet G. Patel,David Lopez,Nilamadhab Mishra,Matteo Pellegrini,Michael Carey,Benjamin A. Garcia,Kathrin Plath +12 more
TL;DR: These findings demonstrate that Cbx3 and H3K9 methylation restrict late reprogramming events, and suggest that a marked change in global chromatin character constitutes an epigenetic roadblock for reprograming.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural Basis of Heterochromatin Formation by Human HP1
Shinichi Machida,Yoshimasa Takizawa,Masakazu Ishimaru,Yukihiko Sugita,Satoshi Sekine,Jun-ichi Nakayama,Matthias Wolf,Hitoshi Kurumizaka +7 more
TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of the H3K9me3-containing dinucleosomes complexed with human HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ, determined by cryogenic electron microscopy with a Volta phase plate, depicts the fundamental architecture of heterochromatin.
References
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Brian D. Strahl,C D Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.
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Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins.
TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian methyltransferases that selectively methylate histone H3 on lysine 9 (Suv39h HMTases) generate a binding site for HP1 proteins—a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules implicated in both gene silencing and supra-nucleosomal chromatin structure.
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Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain.
Andrew J. Bannister,Philip Zegerman,Janet F. Partridge,Eric A. Miska,Jean O. Thomas,Robin C. Allshire,Tony Kouzarides +6 more
TL;DR: A stepwise model for the formation of a transcriptionally silent heterochromatin is provided: SUV39H1 places a ‘methyl marker’ on histone H3, which is then recognized by HP1 through its chromo domain, which may also explain the stable inheritance of theheterochromatic state.
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SETDB1: a novel KAP-1-associated histone H3, lysine 9-specific methyltransferase that contributes to HP1-mediated silencing of euchromatic genes by KRAB zinc-finger proteins
TL;DR: KAP-1 is a molecular scaffold that is targeted by KRAB-ZFPs to specific loci and coordinates both histone methylation and the deposition of HP1 proteins to silence gene expression.
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Heterochromatin and Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
Shiv I. S. Grewal,Danesh Moazed +1 more
TL;DR: An unexpected role for noncoding RNAs and RNA interference in the formation of epigenetic chromatin domains has been uncovered.