The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy
P. J. E. Peebles,Bharat Ratra +1 more
TLDR
A review of dark energy can be found in this paper, where the authors present the basic physics and astronomy of the subject, reviews the history of ideas, assesses the state of the observational evidence, and comments on recent developments in the search for a fundamental theory.Abstract:
Physics welcomes the idea that space contains energy whose gravitational effect approximates that of Einstein's cosmological constant, \ensuremath{\Lambda}; today the concept is termed dark energy or quintessence. Physics also suggests that dark energy could be dynamical, allowing for the arguably appealing picture of an evolving dark-energy density approaching its natural value, zero, and small now because the expanding universe is old. This would alleviate the classical problem of the curious energy scale of a millielectron volt associated with a constant \ensuremath{\Lambda}. Dark energy may have been detected by recent cosmological tests. These tests make a good scientific case for the context, in the relativistic Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre model, in which the gravitational inverse-square law is applied to the scales of cosmology. We have well-checked evidence that the mean mass density is not much more than one-quarter of the critical Einstein--de Sitter value. The case for detection of dark energy is not yet as convincing but still serious; we await more data, which may be derived from work in progress. Planned observations may detect the evolution of the dark-energy density; a positive result would be a considerable stimulus for attempts at understanding the microphysics of dark energy. This review presents the basic physics and astronomy of the subject, reviews the history of ideas, assesses the state of the observational evidence, and comments on recent developments in the search for a fundamental theory.read more
Citations
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Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology
David N. Spergel,Rachel Bean,Rachel Bean,Olivier Doré,Olivier Doré,M. R. Nolta,M. R. Nolta,Charles L. Bennett,Charles L. Bennett,Gary Hinshaw,Norman Jarosik,Eiichiro Komatsu,Eiichiro Komatsu,Lyman A. Page,Hiranya V. Peiris,Hiranya V. Peiris,Licia Verde,Licia Verde,M. Halpern,R. S. Hill,A. Kogut,Michele Limon,S. S. Meyer,N. Odegard,Gregory S. Tucker,Jan Weiland,Edward J. Wollack,E. L. Wright +27 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple cosmological model with only six parameters (matter density, Omega_m h^2, baryon density, BH density, Hubble Constant, H_0, amplitude of fluctuations, sigma_8, optical depth, tau, and a slope for the scalar perturbation spectrum, n_s) was proposed to fit the three-year WMAP temperature and polarization data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of dark energy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence and tachyon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Five-year wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe observations: cosmological interpretation
Eiichiro Komatsu,Jo Dunkley,Jo Dunkley,M. R. Nolta,Charles L. Bennett,B. Gold,Gary Hinshaw,N. Jarosik,Davin Larson,Michele Limon,Lyman A. Page,David N. Spergel,Mark Halpern,Robert S. Hill,Alan J. Kogut,S. S. Meyer,Gregory S. Tucker,Janet Weiland,Edward J. Wollack,Edward L. Wright +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-year data were used to constrain the physics of cosmic inflation via Gaussianity, adiabaticity, the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations, gravitational waves, and spatial curvature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type Ia supernova discoveries at z > 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for past deceleration and constraints on dark energy evolution
Adam G. Riess,Louis-Gregory Strolger,John L. Tonry,Stefano Casertano,Henry C. Ferguson,Bahram Mobasher,Peter Challis,Alexei V. Filippenko,Saurabh Jha,Weidong Li,Ryan Chornock,Robert P. Kirshner,Bruno Leibundgut,Mark Dickinson,Mario Livio,Mauro Giavalisco,Charles C. Steidel,Txitxo Benítez,Zlatan Tsvetanov +18 more
TL;DR: For a flat universe with a cosmological constant, the transition between the two epochs is constrained to be at z = 0.46 ± 0.13 as mentioned in this paper, and w = -1.02 ± (and w < -0.76 at the 95% confidence level) for an assumed static equation of state of dark energy.
Journal ArticleDOI
f(R) theories
TL;DR: Various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity — such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds are reviewed.
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