Journal ArticleDOI
The dawn of phage therapy.
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TLDR
This review highlights the most recent advances and progress in phage therapy and bacterial hosts against which phage research is currently being conducted with respect to food, human, and marine pathogens.Abstract:
Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance among most bacterial species, interest in phage as therapeutic entities has returned, because their noninfectious nature to humans should make them safe for human nanomedicine. This review highlights the most recent advances and progress in phage therapy and bacterial hosts against which phage research is currently being conducted with respect to food, human, and marine pathogens. Bacterial immunity against phages and tactics of phage revenge to defeat bacterial defense systems are also summarized. We have also discussed approved phage-based products (whole phage-based products and phage proteins) and shed light on their influence on the eukaryotic host with respect to host safety and induction of immune response against phage preparations. Moreover, creation of phages with desirable qualities and their uses in cancer treatment, vaccine production, and other therapies are also reviewed to bring together evidence from the scientific literature about the potentials and possible utility of phage and phage encoded proteins in the field of therapeutics and industrial biotechnology.read more
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The pan-immune system of bacteria: antiviral defence as a community resource.
Aude Bernheim,Rotem Sorek +1 more
TL;DR: The ‘pan-immune system’ model is presented, in which bacteria employ horizontal gene transfer to access immune defence mechanisms encoded by closely related strains, and the implications on the evolution of anti-defence strategies in phages are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in modulating the microbiome.
TL;DR: The goal of microbiome modulation is a laudable one, but there are still a long way from a precise definition of the role of the gut microbiome in many of the diseases where a disturbed microbiome has been described; association does not prove causation.
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Treatment for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections: recent advances and future directions.
Kathleen Tompkins,David van Duin +1 more
TL;DR: The potential for the development of resistance to these therapies remains high, and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship is imperative both to reduce the spread of CRE worldwide and to ensure continued access to efficacious treatment options.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phage Display-Based Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy.
TL;DR: This review describes literature reports on the application of peptide phage display to cancer immunotherapy and discusses three main outcomes of this procedure:phage display-derived peptides that mimic cancer antigens (mimotopes) and (ii) antigen-carrying phage particles, both as prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines, and (iii) phage displays as small-molecule effectors of immune cell functions.
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Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Vehicles in Cancer
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide examples of how amenable phages can be used as anticancer agents, especially because their systemic administration is possible, and also provide some insights into how their immunogenic profile can be modulated and exploited in immuno-oncology for vaccine production.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions
Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Adriano Duse,Chand Wattal,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Heiman F. L. Wertheim,Nithima Sumpradit,Erika Vlieghe,Gabriel Levy Hara,Ian M. Gould,Herman Goossens,Christina Greko,Anthony D. So,Maryam Bigdeli,Goeran Tomson,Will Woodhouse,Eva Ombaka,Arturo Quizhpe Peralta,Farah Naz Qamar,Fatima Mir,Sam Kariuki,Zulfigar A. Bhutta,Anthony R.M. Coates,Richard Bergstrom,Gerard D. Wright,Eric D. Brown,Otto Cars +27 more
TL;DR: The global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and key areas in which action is urgently needed are described and identified.
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Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor that Activates the Type-I Interferon Pathway
TL;DR: Results indicate that cGAS is a cytosolic DNA sensor that induces interferons by producing the second messenger cGAMP, which belongs to the nucleotidyltransferase family.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria.
Maria Rescigno,Matteo Urbano,Barbara Valzasina,Maura Francolini,Gianluca Rotta,Roberto Bonasio,Francesca Granucci,Jean Pierre Kraehenbuhl,Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli +8 more
TL;DR: A new mechanism for bacterial uptake in the mucosa tissues that is mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) is reported, which open the tight junctions between epithelial cells, send dendrites outside the epithelium and directly sample bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correction: Corrigendum: The Serum Profile of Hypercytokinemia Factors Identified in H7N9-Infected Patients can Predict Fatal Outcomes
Jing Guo,Fengming Huang,Jun Liu,Yu Chen,Wei Wang,Bin Cao,Zhen Zou,Song Liu,Jingcao Pan,Changjun Bao,Mei Zeng,Haixia Xiao,Hainv Gao,Shigui Yang,Yan Zhao,Qiang Liu,Huandi Zhou,Jingdong Zhu,Xiaoli Liu,Weifeng Liang,Yida Yang,Shufa Zheng,Jiezuan Yang,Hongyan Diao,Kunkai Su,Li Shao,Hongcui Cao,Ying Wu,Min Zhao,Shuguang Tan,Hui Li,Xiaoqing Xu,Chunmei Wang,Jianmin Zhang,Li Wang,Jianwei Wang,Jun Xu,Dangsheng Li,Nanshan Zhong,Xuetao Cao,George F. Gao,Lanjuan Li,Chengyu Jiang +42 more
TL;DR: This Article contains typographical errors in Table 2 where ‘Week 2 (N = 32)’ was incorrectly given as ‘week (n’=2’.
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Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects
TL;DR: Newly developed fluorescence and molecular techniques leave the field poised to make significant advances towards evaluating and quantifying viruses' effects on biogeochemical and ecological processes.