Journal ArticleDOI
The delayed rise of present-day mammals
Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds,Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds,Marcel Cardillo,Kate E. Jones,Ross D. E. MacPhee,Robin M. D. Beck,Richard Grenyer,Samantha A. Price,Rutger A. Vos,John L. Gittleman,Andy Purvis +10 more
TLDR
The results show that the phylogenetic ‘fuses’ leading to the explosion of extant placental orders are not only very much longer than suspected previously, but also challenge the hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event had a major, direct influence on the diversification of today’s mammals.Abstract:
Did the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event, by eliminating non-avian dinosaurs and most of the existing fauna, trigger the evolutionary radiation of present-day mammals? Here we construct, date and analyse a species-level phylogeny of nearly all extant Mammalia to bring a new perspective to this question. Our analyses of how extant lineages accumulated through time show that net per-lineage diversification rates barely changed across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Instead, these rates spiked significantly with the origins of the currently recognized placental superorders and orders approximately 93 million years ago, before falling and remaining low until accelerating again throughout the Eocene and Oligocene epochs. Our results show that the phylogenetic 'fuses' leading to the explosion of extant placental orders are not only very much longer than suspected previously, but also challenge the hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event had a major, direct influence on the diversification of today's mammals.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genes mirror geography within Europe.
John Novembre,Toby Johnson,Toby Johnson,Katarzyna Bryc,Zoltán Kutalik,Adam R. Boyko,Adam Auton,Amit Indap,Karen S. King,Sven Bergmann,Matthew R. Nelson,Matthew Stephens,Carlos Bustamante +12 more
TL;DR: Despite low average levels of genetic differentiation among Europeans, there is a close correspondence between genetic and geographic distances; indeed, a geographical map of Europe arises naturally as an efficient two-dimensional summary of genetic variation in Europeans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification
Robert W. Meredith,Jan E. Janecka,John Gatesy,Oliver A. Ryder,Colleen A. Fisher,Emma C. Teeling,Alisha Goodbla,Eduardo Eizirik,Taiz L. L. Simão,Tanja Stadler,Daniel L. Rabosky,Rodney L. Honeycutt,John J. Flynn,Colleen M. Ingram,Cynthia C. Steiner,Tiffani L. Williams,Terence J. Robinson,Angela Burk-Herrick,Angela Burk-Herrick,Michael Westerman,Nadia A. Ayoub,Nadia A. Ayoub,Mark S. Springer,William J. Murphy +23 more
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analysis, calibrated with fossils, resolves the time frame of the mammalian radiation and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Update of Wallace’s Zoogeographic Regions of the World
Ben G. Holt,Jean-Philippe Lessard,Michael K. Borregaard,Susanne A. Fritz,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Dimitar Dimitrov,Pierre-Henri Fabre,Catherine H. Graham,Gary R. Graves,Gary R. Graves,Knud A. Jønsson,David Nogués-Bravo,Zhiheng Wang,Robert J. Whittaker,Robert J. Whittaker,Jon Fjeldså,Carsten Rahbek +18 more
TL;DR: A global map of zoogeographic regions is generated by combining data on the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of 21,037 species of amphibians, birds, and mammals, and it is shown that spatial turnover in the phylogenetic composition of vertebrate assemblages is higher in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals
Maureen A. O'Leary,Maureen A. O'Leary,Jonathan I. Bloch,John J. Flynn,Timothy J. Gaudin,Andres Giallombardo,Norberto P. Giannini,Suzann L. Goldberg,Brian P. Kraatz,Brian P. Kraatz,Zhe-Xi Luo,Jin Meng,Xijun Ni,Michael J. Novacek,Fernando A. Perini,Zachary S. Randall,Guillermo W. Rougier,Eric J. Sargis,Mary T. Silcox,Nancy B. Simmons,Michelle Spaulding,Michelle Spaulding,Paúl M. Velazco,Marcelo Weksler,John R. Wible,Andrea L. Cirranello,Andrea L. Cirranello +26 more
TL;DR: A phylogenetic tree shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats).
Journal ArticleDOI
Automatic detection of key innovations, rate shifts, and diversity-dependence on phylogenetic trees.
TL;DR: A method that can identify arbitrary numbers of time-varying diversification processes on phylogenies without specifying their locations in advance is developed and will greatly facilitate the exploration of macroevolutionary dynamics across large phylogenetic trees, which may have been shaped by heterogeneous mixtures of distinct evolutionary processes.
References
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APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language
TL;DR: UNLABELLED Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution (APE) is a package written in the R language for use in molecular evolution and phylogenetics that provides both utility functions for reading and writing data and manipulating phylogenetic trees.