Journal ArticleDOI
The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals
Maureen A. O'Leary,Maureen A. O'Leary,Jonathan I. Bloch,John J. Flynn,Timothy J. Gaudin,Andres Giallombardo,Norberto P. Giannini,Suzann L. Goldberg,Brian P. Kraatz,Brian P. Kraatz,Zhe-Xi Luo,Jin Meng,Xijun Ni,Michael J. Novacek,Fernando A. Perini,Zachary S. Randall,Guillermo W. Rougier,Eric J. Sargis,Mary T. Silcox,Nancy B. Simmons,Michelle Spaulding,Michelle Spaulding,Paúl M. Velazco,Marcelo Weksler,John R. Wible,Andrea L. Cirranello,Andrea L. Cirranello +26 more
TLDR
A phylogenetic tree shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats).Abstract:
To discover interordinal relationships of living and fossil placental mammals and the time of origin of placentals relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, we scored 4541 phenomic characters de novo for 86 fossil and living species. Combining these data with molecular sequences, we obtained a phylogenetic tree that, when calibrated with fossils, shows that crown clade Placentalia and placental orders originated after the K-Pg boundary. Many nodes discovered using molecular data are upheld, but phenomic signals overturn molecular signals to show Sundatheria (Dermoptera + Scandentia) as the sister taxon of Primates, a close link between Proboscidea (elephants) and Sirenia (sea cows), and the monophyly of echolocating Chiroptera (bats). Our tree suggests that Placentalia first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria; extinct New World species are the oldest members of Afrotheria.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
Erich D. Jarvis,Siavash Mirarab,Andre J. Aberer,Bo Li,Bo Li,Bo Li,Peter Houde,Cai Li,Cai Li,Simon Y. W. Ho,Brant C. Faircloth,Benoit Nabholz,Jason T. Howard,Alexander Suh,Claudia C. Weber,Rute R. da Fonseca,Jianwen Li,Fang Zhang Zhang,Hui Li,Long Zhou,Nitish Narula,Nitish Narula,Liang Liu,Ganesh Ganapathy,Bastien Boussau,Shamsuzzoha Bayzid,Volodymyr Zavidovych,Sankar Subramanian,Toni Gabaldón,Salvador Capella-Gutierrez,Jaime Huerta-Cepas,Bhanu Rekepalli,Bhanu Rekepalli,Kasper Munch,Mikkel H. Schierup,Bent E. K. Lindow,Wesley C. Warren,David A. Ray,Richard E. Green,Michael William Bruford,Xiangjiang Zhan,Xiangjiang Zhan,Andrew Dixon,Shengbin Li,Ning Li,Yinhua Huang,Elizabeth P. Derryberry,Elizabeth P. Derryberry,Mads F. Bertelsen,Frederick H. Sheldon,Robb T. Brumfield,Claudio V. Mello,Claudio V. Mello,Peter V. Lovell,Morgan Wirthlin,Maria Paula Cruz Schneider,Francisco Prosdocimi,José Alfredo Samaniego,Amhed Missael Vargas Velazquez,Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez,Paula F. Campos,Bent O. Petersen,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,An Pas,Thomas L. Bailey,R. Paul Scofield,Michael Bunce,David M. Lambert,Qi Zhou,Polina L. Perelman,Amy C. Driskell,Beth Shapiro,Zijun Xiong,Yongli Zeng,Shiping Liu,Zhenyu Li,Binghang Liu,Kui Wu,Jin Xiao,Xiong Yinqi,Quiemei Zheng,Yong Zhang,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Linnéa Smeds,Frank E. Rheindt,Michael J. Braun,Jon Fjeldså,Ludovic Orlando,F. Keith Barker,Knud A. Jønsson,Warren E. Johnson,Klaus-Peter Koepfli,Stephen J. O'Brien,David Haussler,Oliver A. Ryder,Carsten Rahbek,Eske Willerslev,Gary R. Graves,Gary R. Graves,Travis C. Glenn,John E. McCormack,Dave Burt,Hans Ellegren,Per Alström,Scott V. Edwards,Alexandros Stamatakis,David P. Mindell,Joel Cracraft,Edward L. Braun,Tandy Warnow,Tandy Warnow,Wang Jun,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,Guojie Zhang,Guojie Zhang +116 more
TL;DR: A genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships and identifies the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups the authors named Passerea and Columbea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probabilistic historical biogeography: new models for founder-event speciation, imperfect detection, and fossils allow improved accuracy and model-testing
TL;DR: This work uses BioGeoBEARS on a large sample of island and non-island clades to show that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in almost every clade, and that most published datasets reject the non-J models currently in widespread use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural progenitors, neurogenesis and the evolution of the neocortex
Marta Florio,Wieland B. Huttner +1 more
TL;DR: The diversity of neocortical neural progenitors, their interspecies variations and their roles in determining the evolutionary increase in neuron numbers and neocortex size are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation
TL;DR: Credible sets of mammalian phylogenetic history are developed, enabling investigations of long-standing questions in comparative biology, and finding that node ages are broadly concordant among studies, and recent rates of speciation are estimated more accurately in this study than in previous "supertree" approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growth and folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex: from molecules to malformations
Tao Sun,Robert F. Hevner +1 more
TL;DR: The size and extent of folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex are important factors that influence a species' cognitive abilities and sensorimotor skills and may lead to new medical treatments for certain disorders.
References
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TL;DR: The sensitivity of the commonly used progressive multiple sequence alignment method has been greatly improved and modifications are incorporated into a new program, CLUSTAL W, which is freely available.
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A Rapid Bootstrap Algorithm for the RAxML Web Servers
TL;DR: This work developed, implemented, and thoroughly tested rapid bootstrap heuristics in RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) that are more than an order of magnitude faster than current algorithms and can contribute to resolving the computational bottleneck and improve current methodology in phylogenetic analyses.
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