Journal ArticleDOI
The Ecology of Arsenic
Ronald S. Oremland,John F. Stolz +1 more
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This work reviews what is known about arsenic-metabolizing bacteria and their potential impact on speciation and mobilization of arsenic in nature and investigates their role in aquifers.Abstract:
Arsenic is a metalloid whose name conjures up images of murder. Nonetheless, certain prokaryotes use arsenic oxyanions for energy generation, either by oxidizing arsenite or by respiring arsenate. These microbes are phylogenetically diverse and occur in a wide range of habitats. Arsenic cycling may take place in the absence of oxygen and can contribute to organic matter oxidation. In aquifers, these microbial reactions may mobilize arsenic from the solid to the aqueous phase, resulting in contaminated drinking water. Here we review what is known about arsenic-metabolizing bacteria and their potential impact on speciation and mobilization of arsenic in nature.read more
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Low Energy Subsurface Environments as Extraterrestrial Analogs
TL;DR: The thermodynamic energetic calculations presented here suggest that free energy yields of reactions and energy density of some metabolic redox reactions on Mars, Europa, Enceladus, and Titan could be comparable to analog environments in Earth’s low energy subsurface habitats.
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Energy sources for chemolithotrophs in an arsenic‐ and iron‐rich shallow‐sea hydrothermal system
TL;DR: Chemical analyses of sediment porewaters from 10 sites along a 300-m transect were combined with standard Gibbs energies to evaluate the energy yields from 19 potential chemolithotrophic metabolisms, and the calculated exergonic energy yields suggest that micro-organisms could exploit diverse energy sources in Tutum Bay.
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Pressure-driven and thermally-driven membrane operations for the treatment of arsenic-contaminated waters: A comparison.
TL;DR: The potential of membrane operations for the treatment of arsenic-polluted water is presented and discussed, and two classes of membranes operations are illustrated and compared, the pressure-driven ones, like Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis (RO) and the thermally-driven one, like Membrane Distillation (MD).
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Probing the biogeochemistry of arsenic: Response of two contrasting aquifer sediments from Cambodia to stimulation by arsenate and ferric iron
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to show that microbes present in these sediments are able to reduce Fe( III) and As(V) when provided with an electron donor, and that the two sediments respond differently to stimulation with Fe(III) and AS(V), and to suggest a potential role for members of the β -Proteobacteria in As-V reduction.
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The absence of interleukin-6 enhanced arsenite-induced renal injury by promoting autophagy of tubular epithelial cells with aberrant extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.
Akihiko Kimura,Yuko Ishida,Takashi Wada,Tomoko Hisaoka,Yoshihiro Morikawa,Takeshi Sugaya,Naofumi Mukaida,Toshikazu Kondo +7 more
TL;DR: IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway could inhibit ERK activation, a crucial step for ACD, eventually attenuating NaAs-induced renal dysfunction and alleviated acute renal dysfunction.
References
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A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters
TL;DR: The scale of the problem in terms of population exposed to high As concentrations is greatest in the Bengal Basin with more than 40 million people drinking water containing ‘excessive’ As as mentioned in this paper.
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Worldwide Occurrences of Arsenic in Ground Water
TL;DR: Nordstrom et al. as mentioned in this paper argue that human health risks from arsenic in ground water can be minimized by incorporating hydrogeochemical knowledge into water management decisions and by more careful monitoring for arsenic in geologically high-risk areas.
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Arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh groundwater
TL;DR: Sedimentological study of the Ganges alluvial sediments shows that the arsenic derives from the reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich iron oxyhydroxides, which in turn are derived from weathering of base-metal sulphides.
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