The fundamental link between pneumococcal carriage and disease
TLDR
A review of the evidence supporting pneumococcal carriage at the individual level as an immediate and necessary precursor to pneumonia disease is provided in this article, where the authors emphasize the role of information on vaccine carriage in vaccine trials and in public health decision-making.Abstract:
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity, and to a large extent is vaccine-preventable. Nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus precedes disease and is the source of pneumococcal spread between people. The use of vaccine effect on carriage as part of the vaccine licensure and post-vaccine introduction evaluation could facilitate and expand the licensure of new, life-saving pneumococcal vaccines and enable a comprehensive estimate of population effects after vaccine introduction. The authors provide a review of the evidence supporting pneumococcal carriage at the individual level as an immediate and necessary precursor to pneumococcal disease. Based on such a causal link between carriage and disease, the authors emphasize the role of information on pneumococcal carriage in vaccine trials and in public health decision-making.read more
Citations
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Pneumococcal Colonization in the Familial Context and Implications for Anti-Pneumococcal Immunization in Adults: Results from the BINOCOLO Project in Sicily
Fabio Tramuto,Emanuele Amodio,Giuseppe Calamusa,Vincenzo Restivo,Claudio Costantino,Francesco Vitale +5 more
TL;DR: Pneumococcal serotypes included in the 13-valent conjugate vaccine formulation were largely detected in the study population and multiple serotypes colonization was considerable, highlighting the potential role played by the family environment in sustaining both the circulation and horizontal transmission of pneumococcus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interkingdom Signaling Induces Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm Dispersion and Transition from Asymptomatic Colonization to Disease
TL;DR: It is shown that infection with influenza A virus and treatment with the resulting host signals induce the release of bacteria from biofilms in a newly developed biofilm model on live epithelial cells both in vitro and during in vivo colonization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic-induced replication stress triggers bacterial competence by increasing gene dosage near the origin
TL;DR: The data suggest that evolution has conserved the oriC-proximal location of important genes in bacteria to allow for a robust response to replication stress without the need for complex gene-regulatory pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Immunogenicity and Efficacy of 13-Valent and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Reducing Nasopharyngeal Colonization: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Ron Dagan,Scott Patterson,Christine Juergens,David Greenberg,Noga Givon-Lavi,Nurith Porat,Alejandra Gurtman,William C. Gruber,Daniel A. Scott +8 more
TL;DR: PCV13 resulted in lower acquisition and prevalence of NP colonization than PCV7 did for 4 additional PCV13 serotypes, and serotypes 6C and 19F, and it was comparable with PCV 7 for all other common serotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in Kilifi, Kenya: findings from cross-sectional carriage studies
Laura L. Hammitt,Laura L. Hammitt,Donald O Akech,Susan C. Morpeth,Susan C. Morpeth,Angela Karani,Norbert Kihuha,Sammy Nyongesa,Tahreni Bwanaali,Tahreni Bwanaali,Edward Mumbo,Tatu Kamau,Shahnaaz K Sharif,J. Anthony G. Scott,J. Anthony G. Scott,J. Anthony G. Scott +15 more
TL;DR: After programmatic use of PCV10 in Kilifi, carriage of vaccine serotypes was reduced by two-thirds both in children younger than 5 years and in older individuals, suggesting that PCV 10 introduction in Africa will have substantial indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease.
References
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Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates
Katherine L. O'Brien,Lara J. Wolfson,James P. Watt,Emily Henkle,Maria Deloria-Knoll,Natalie McCall,Ellen Lee,Kim Mulholland,Orin S. Levine,Thomas Cherian +9 more
TL;DR: The burden of pneumococcal pneumonia is measured by applying the proportion of pneumonia cases caused by S pneumoniae derived from efficacy estimates from vaccine trials to WHO country-specific estimates of all-cause pneumonia cases and deaths, using disease incidence and case-fatality data from a systematic literature review.
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TL;DR: The mechanism and epidemiology of colonisation, the complexity of relations within and between species, and the consequences of the different preventive strategies for pneumococcal colonisation are discussed.
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Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media
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TL;DR: The heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine is safe and efficacious in the prevention of acute otitis media caused by the serotypes included in the vaccine.
Journal ArticleDOI
A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection.
Keith P. Klugman,Keith P. Klugman,Shabir A. Madhi,Robin E. Huebner,Robert Kohberger,Nontombi Marylucy Mbelle,Nathaniel F. Pierce +6 more
TL;DR: Vaccination with a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine reduced the incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia among children with and those without HIV infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Felicity T. Cutts,Syed M. A. Zaman,Godwin Enwere,Shabbar Jaffar,Orin S. Levine,Orin S. Levine,J. B. Okoko,Claire Oluwalana,Adeola Vaughan,Steven Obaro,Amanda Leach,Keith P. W. J. McAdam,Ekow Biney,Mark Saaka,U. Onwuchekwa,Fred G. Yallop,Nathaniel F. Pierce,Brian Greenwood,Richard A. Adegbola +18 more
TL;DR: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has high efficacy against radiological pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, and can substantially reduce admissions and improve child survival in this rural African setting.