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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The hnRNP family: insights into their role in health and disease

Thomas Geuens, +2 more
- 23 May 2016 - 
- Vol. 135, Iss: 8, pp 851-867
TLDR
This review will discuss the current knowledge about the different hnRNP family members, focusing on their structural and functional divergence, and highlight their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, and the potential to develop RNA-based therapies.
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) represent a large family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that contribute to multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism including alternative splicing, mRNA stabilization, and transcriptional and translational regulation Many hnRNPs share general features, but differ in domain composition and functional properties This review will discuss the current knowledge about the different hnRNP family members, focusing on their structural and functional divergence Additionally, we will highlight their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, and the potential to develop RNA-based therapies

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Citations
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The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function

TL;DR: The functional interactions that lncRNAs establish with other molecules as well as the relationship between lncRNA transcription and function are discussed and some mechanisms are shared with other types of genes.
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Gene regulation in the immune system by long noncoding RNAs.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on mechanisms used by lncRNAs to regulate genes encoding products involved in the immune response, including direct interactions with chromatin, RNA and proteins, and addresses new areas of lncRNA biology.
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Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

TL;DR: The roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS, its amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP -43 inclusions are discussed.
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Splicing mutations in human genetic disorders: examples, detection, and confirmation.

TL;DR: This article summarizes the current knowledge about the “splicing mutations” and methods that help to identify such changes in clinical diagnosis and recommends bioinformatic algorithms as a tool to assess the possible effect of the identified changes.
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N6-methyladenosine links RNA metabolism to cancer progression.

TL;DR: The regulation and function of m6A in human carcinogenesis is summarized in this review, finding that it is contributing to the self-renewal of cancer stem cell, promotion of cancer cell proliferation, and resistance to radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function

TL;DR: The physical properties that define exosomes as a specific population of secreted vesicles are described, their biological effects, particularly on the immune system, are summarized, and the potential roles that secretedvesicles could have as intercellular messengers are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

hnRNP Proteins and the Biogenesis of mRNA

TL;DR: The hnRNP Proteins Definition and Experimental Criteria and Posttranslational Modifications are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Messenger-RNA-binding proteins and the messages they carry.

TL;DR: From sites of transcription in the nucleus to the outreaches of the cytoplasm, messenger RNAs are associated with RNA-binding proteins that communicate crucial information to the translation machinery for the surveillance of nonsense mutations and for mRNA localization and translation.
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