Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS
Hong Joo Kim,Nam Chul Kim,Yong Dong Wang,Emily A. Scarborough,Jennifer Moore,Zamia Diaz,Kyle S. MacLea,Brian D. Freibaum,Songqing Li,Amandine Molliex,Anderson P. Kanagaraj,Robert A. Carter,Kevin B. Boylan,Aleksandra Wojtas,Rosa Rademakers,Jack L. Pinkus,Steven A. Greenberg,John Q. Trojanowski,Bryan J. Traynor,Bradley N. Smith,Simon Topp,Athina Soragia Gkazi,Jack W. Miller,Christopher Shaw,Michael Kottlors,Janbernd Kirschner,Alan Pestronk,Yun Li,Alice Flynn Ford,Aaron D. Gitler,Michael Benatar,Oliver D. King,Virginia Kimonis,Eric D. Ross,Conrad C. Weihl,James Shorter,J. Paul Taylor +36 more
TLDR
Dysregulated polymerization caused by a potent mutant steric zipper motif in a PrLD can initiate degenerative disease and related proteins with PrLDs should be considered candidates for initiating and perhaps propagating proteinopathies of muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone.Abstract:
Algorithms designed to identify canonical yeast prions predict that around 250 human proteins, including several RNA-binding proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease, harbour a distinctive prion-like domain (PrLD) enriched in uncharged polar amino acids and glycine. PrLDs in RNA-binding proteins are essential for the assembly of ribonucleoprotein granules. However, the interplay between human PrLD function and disease is not understood. Here we define pathogenic mutations in PrLDs of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A2B1 and A1 in families with inherited degeneration affecting muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone, and in one case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Wild-type hnRNPA2 (the most abundant isoform of hnRNPA2B1) and hnRNPA1 show an intrinsic tendency to assemble into self-seeding fibrils, which is exacerbated by the disease mutations. Indeed, the pathogenic mutations strengthen a 'steric zipper' motif in the PrLD, which accelerates the formation of self-seeding fibrils that cross-seed polymerization of wild-type hnRNP. Notably, the disease mutations promote excess incorporation of hnRNPA2 and hnRNPA1 into stress granules and drive the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions in animal models that recapitulate the human pathology. Thus, dysregulated polymerization caused by a potent mutant steric zipper motif in a PrLD can initiate degenerative disease. Related proteins with PrLDs should therefore be considered candidates for initiating and perhaps propagating proteinopathies of muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone.read more
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A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation
Avinash Patel,Hyun O. Lee,Louise Jawerth,Shovamayee Maharana,Marcus Jahnel,Marco Y. Hein,Stoyno S. Stoynov,Julia Mahamid,Shambaditya Saha,Titus M. Franzmann,Andrej Pozniakovski,Ina Poser,Nicola Maghelli,Loic Royer,Martin Weigert,Eugene W. Myers,Stephan W. Grill,David N. Drechsel,Anthony A. Hyman,Simon Alberti +19 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that liquid-like compartments carry the trade-off between functionality and risk of aggregation and that aberrant phase transitions within liquid- like compartments lie at the heart of ALS and, presumably, other age-related diseases.
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Phase Separation by Low Complexity Domains Promotes Stress Granule Assembly and Drives Pathological Fibrillization
Amandine Molliex,Jamshid Temirov,Jihun Lee,Maura Coughlin,Anderson P. Kanagaraj,Hong Joo Kim,Tanja Mittag,J. Paul Taylor +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the disease-related RBP hnRNPA1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into protein-rich droplets mediated by a low complexity sequence domain (LCD), and suggested that LCD-mediated LLPS contributes to the assembly of stress granules and their liquid properties.
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Considerations and Challenges in Studying Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Biomolecular Condensates.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose guidelines for rigorous experimental characterization of liquid-liquid phase separation processes in vitro and in cells, discuss the caveats of common experimental approaches, and point out experimental and theoretical gaps in the field.
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A census of human RNA-binding proteins.
TL;DR: This work presents a census of 1,542 manually curated RBPs that are analysed for their interactions with different classes of RNA, their evolutionary conservation, their abundance and their tissue-specific expression, a critical step towards the comprehensive characterization of proteins involved in human RNA metabolism.
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Sumoylated hnRNPA2B1 controls the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes through binding to specific motifs.
Carolina Villarroya-Beltri,Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez,Fátima Sánchez-Cabo,Daniel Pérez-Hernández,Jesús Vázquez,Noa B. Martín-Cófreces,Dannys Jorge Martinez-Herrera,Alberto Pascual-Montano,María Mittelbrunn,Francisco Sánchez-Madrid +9 more
TL;DR: Findings identify hnRNPA2B1 as a key player in miRNA sorting into exosomes and provide potential tools for the packaging of selected regulatory RNAs into exOSomes and their use in biomedical applications.
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