The Nature of Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccination in High-Risk Populations.
TLDR
In this article, the authors investigated the variations in immune responses to influenza vaccination in high-risk populations, including the elderly, people with obesity, and individuals with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.Abstract:
The current pandemic has brought a renewed appreciation for the critical importance of vaccines for the promotion of both individual and public health. Influenza vaccines have been our primary tool for infection control to prevent seasonal epidemics and pandemics such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus pandemic. Certain high-risk populations, including the elderly, people with obesity, and individuals with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, are more susceptible to increased disease severity and decreased vaccine efficacy. High-risk populations have unique microenvironments and immune responses that contribute to increased vulnerability for influenza infections. This review focuses on these differences as we investigate the variations in immune responses to influenza vaccination. In order to develop better influenza vaccines, it is critical to understand how to improve responses in our ever-growing high-risk populations.read more
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References
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Diabetes mellitus as a vaccine-effect modifier: a review.
Thomas Verstraeten,Mark A. Fletcher,Jose A Suaya,Sally Jackson,Cassandra Hall-Murray,Daniel A. Scott,Beate Schmöle-Thoma,Raul E Isturiz,Bradford D Gessner +8 more
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Amir Taherkhani,Shiva Kalantari,Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie,Mohsen Nafar,Mohammad Taghizadeh,Koorosh Tabar +5 more
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Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral Challenges.
TL;DR: The effectiveness of H2 COBRA HA antigens (Z1, Z3, Z5, and Z7) were evaluated in DBA/2J mice and compared to wild-type H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 viruses and the Z1COBRA is a promising candidate for future work towards a pandemic H2 influenza vaccine.
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Influenza in High-Risk Hosts—Lessons Learned from Animal Models
Rebekah Honce,Rebekah Honce,Nicholas Wohlgemuth,Victoria A. Meliopoulos,Kirsty R. Short,Stacey Schultz-Cherry +5 more
TL;DR: By using varied animal models, researchers have identified molecular mechanisms underpinning the increased likelihood for infection due to obesity and malnourishment, as well as insight into the role sex hormones play in antiviral immunity in males, in females, and across the life span.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Way Forward: Potentiating Protective Immunity to Novel and Pandemic Influenza Through Engagement of Memory CD4 T Cells
TL;DR: It is suggested that more precise efforts to identify and enumerate both the positive and negative contributors of immunity in the CD4 T-cell compartment will aid in both predicting susceptible hosts and in development of vaccination strategies that will poise most human subjects to respond to pandemic influenza strains with protective immune responses.
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