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The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology

Stephen P. Borgatti, +1 more
- 01 Dec 2003 - 
- Vol. 29, Iss: 6, pp 991-1013
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TLDR
This paper reviewed and analyzed the emerging network paradigm in organizational research and developed a set of dimensions along which network studies vary, including direction of causality, levels of analysis, explanatory goals, and explanatory mechanisms.
About: 
This article is published in Journal of Management.The article was published on 2003-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2845 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Organizational network analysis.

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Complex networks: Structure and dynamics

Stefano Boccaletti, +5 more
- 01 Feb 2006 - 
TL;DR: The major concepts and results recently achieved in the study of the structure and dynamics of complex networks are reviewed, and the relevant applications of these ideas in many different disciplines are summarized, ranging from nonlinear science to biology, from statistical mechanics to medicine and engineering.
Posted Content

Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media

Jan Kietzmann, +3 more
- 01 Apr 2011 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework that defines social media by using seven functional building blocks: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups, and explain the implications that each block can have for how firms should engage with social media.
Journal ArticleDOI

Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media

Jan Kietzmann, +3 more
- 01 May 2011 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework that defines social media by using seven functional building blocks: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups, and explain the implications that each block can have for how firms should engage with social media.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Paul DiMaggio, +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them, and describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative.
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Taking Stock of Networks and Organizations: A Multilevel Perspective

Daniel J. Brass, +3 more
- 01 Dec 2004 - 
TL;DR: The central argument of network research is that actors are embedded in networks of interconnected social relationships that offer opportunities for and constraints on behavior as discussed by the authors, and the authors of this paper review the antecedents and consequences of networks at the interpersonal, interunit, and interorganizational levels of analysis, evaluate recent theoretical and empirical trends, and give directions for future research.
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What Do We Know about Proximity and Distance in Work Groups? A Legacy of Research

Pamela J. Hinds, +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a large body of evidence suggests that close proximity is beneficial to relationships and group interaction and examine these benefits through the lens of research on the mere presence of others, face-to-face communication, shared social settings and frequency of spontaneous communication.
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The evolution of trust and cooperation between strangers: A computational model.

Michael W. Macy, +1 more
- 01 Oct 1998 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use computer simulation to show how trust and cooperation between strangers can evolve without formal or informal social controls, and the outcome decisively depends on two structural conditions: the payoff for refusing to play and the embeddedness of interaction.
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Beyond answers: dimensions of the advice network

Rob Cross, +2 more
- 01 Jul 2001 - 
TL;DR: The result of a research project investigating social aspects of knowledge sharing and development revealed that respondents recognized five kinds of informational benefits when consulting others: solutions, meta-knowledge, problem reformulation, validation and legitimation, which formed an entailment structure consistent with a Guttman scale.
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What's Social about Social Cognition?: Research on Socially Shared Cognition in Small Groups

Judith L. Nye, +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, contributions from key scholars in both fields offer empirical research that moves beyond the traditional boundaries of social cognition and small group research, and brings the two research areas together.
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The snowball effect: Turnover embedded in communication networks.

David Krackhardt, +1 more
- 01 Feb 1986 - 
Frequently Asked Questions (8)
Q1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "The network paradigm in organizational research: a review and typology" ?

In this paper, the authors review and analyze the emerging network paradigm in organizational research. The authors begin with a conventional review of recent research organized around recognized research streams. Next, the authors analyze this research, developing a set of dimensions along which network studies vary, including direction of causality, levels of analysis, explanatory goals, and explanatory mechanisms. The authors use the latter two dimensions to construct a 2-by-2 table cross-classifying studies of network consequences into four canonical types: structural social capital, social access to resources, contagion, and environmental shaping. 

In addition, the authors have proposed a typology of network research, which cross-classifies network studies according to the classic dimensions of explanatory mechanisms and explanatory goals or styles. What is new here is that this seemingly arcane distinction may be traceable to different underlying conceptions of how ties work ( girders vs. flows ), and applies to all kinds of network research, including distinguishing between the two major variants of social capital theory. 

The dimension of explanatory goals/styles distinguishes between an orientation toward modeling variation in performance and other value-laden outcomes, and an orientation toward modeling homogeneity in actor attributes, such as attitudes or practices. 

Recent organizational research on homophily has focused on its effects on group and individual performance outcomes (e.g., Ibarra, 1992; Krackhardt & Stern, 1988; Reagans & Zuckerman, 2001). 

Since sociologists began to dominate network research in the 1970s, the proposition that an actor’s position in a network has consequences for the actor has occupied a central place in network thinking. 

Until networks had legitimacy, there was little point in trying to publish papers on how networks come to be or change over time. 

Social capital studies seek to explain variation in success (i.e., performance or reward) as a function of social ties, whereas diffusion and social influence studies seek to explain homogeneity in actor attitudes, beliefs and practices, also as a function of social ties. 

The authors also note that while the objective is to review current research (primarily the last five years), the authors include older references in order to anchor a stream of work in a research tradition.