Journal ArticleDOI
The potential use of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and antagonists as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents.
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TLDR
A review of Toll-like receptors and their ligands and their use in clinical trials as vaccine adjuvants, and to treat allergy, cancer and infectious diseases, and potential drawbacks related to their potential use as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents are discussed.Abstract:
Toll-like receptors (TLR) and their ligands are one of the main players in the initiation of innate immunity which precedes, and is required, for the establishment of adaptive immunity. Manipulating the immune response by using TLR agonists or antagonists might be of therapeutic and/or prophylactic value. This review covers; 1-TLR. their natural ligands and ligand - TLR signaling events, 2-TLR againsts and their use in clinical trials as vaccine adjuvants, and to treat allergy, cancer and infectious diseases, 3-TLR antagonists and their use in clinical trials to treat septic shock and autoimmune diseases. Potential drawbacks related to their potential use as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents are discussed.read more
Citations
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Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery to Monocytes and Macrophages
TL;DR: The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation.
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Metal-Based Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Activation, Inflammation, and Potential Applications
TL;DR: The goals of this review are to summarize and discuss the innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by metal-based nanoparticles in a variety of immune system models.
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Generation and characterisation of therapeutic tolerogenic dendritic cells for rheumatoid arthritis
TL;DR: Clinical-grade tolDCs established from patients with RA exhibit a typical tolerogenic phenotype of reduced costimulatory molecules, low production of proinflammatory cytokines and impaired stimulation of autologous antigen-specific T cells, comparable to HC tol DCs.
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Chemistry of Lipid A: At the Heart of Innate Immunity
Antonio Molinaro,Otto Holst,Flaviana Di Lorenzo,Máire Callaghan,Alessandra Nurisso,Gerardino D'Errico,Alla Zamyatina,Francesco Peri,Rita Berisio,Roman Jerala,Jesús Jiménez-Barbero,Alba Silipo,Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría,Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría +13 more
TL;DR: The chemical aspects regarding lipid A and its role in innate immunity are described and discussed, from the (bio)synthesis, isolation and characterization to the molecular recognition at the atomic level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrinsic danger: activation of Toll-like receptors in rheumatoid arthritis
Fui G. Goh,Kim S. Midwood +1 more
TL;DR: The signalling mechanisms of Toll-like receptors, the central function of TLRs in the pathogenesis of RA, the role of endogenous danger signals in driving TLR activation within the context of RA and the current preclinical and clinical strategies available to date in therapeutic targeting ofTLRs in RA are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immunosuppressive Strategies that are Mediated by Tumor Cells
TL;DR: Different strategies employed by tumors to thwart immune responses, including tumor-induced impairment of antigen presentation, the activation of negative costimulatory signals, and the elaboration of immunosuppressive factors are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-beta.
Jonathan C. Kagan,Tian Su,Tiffany Horng,Tiffany Horng,Amy Y. M. Chow,Amy Y. M. Chow,Shizuo Akira,Ruslan Medzhitov +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that TLR4 first induces TIRAP-MyD88 signaling at the plasma membrane and is then endocytosed and activates TRAM-TRIF signaling from early endosomes, emphasizing a unifying theme in innate immune recognition whereby all type I interferon–inducing receptors signal from an intracellular location.
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Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective.
Nubia Muñoz,F. Xavier Bosch,Xavier Castellsagué,Mireia Diaz,Silvia de Sanjosé,Doudja Hammouda,Keerti V. Shah,Chris J. L. M. Meijer +7 more
TL;DR: A pooled analysis of data from an international survey of HPV types in cervical cancer and from a multicenter case‐control study found that higher than average proportions of type 16 were found in northern Africa, of type 18 in south Asia, oftype 45 in sub‐Saharan Africa and of type 31 in Central/South America.
Journal ArticleDOI
The treatment of malignat tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists.
TL;DR: The identification of the antigen recognition receptors for innate immunity, most notably the Toll-like receptors, has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of the innate immune system and significant efforts have begun to develop antagonists to Toll- like receptors.
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