The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs
Rebecca Bromley,George E. Mawer,Maria Briggs,Christopher P Cheyne,Jill Clayton-Smith,Marta García-Fiñana,Rachel Kneen,S. B. Lucas,Rebekah Shallcross,Gus A. Baker +9 more
TLDR
An accumulation of evidence demonstrates that the risks associated with prenatal sodium VPA exposure include an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, whether such disorders are discrete or represent the severe end of a continuum of altered neuro developmental functioning requires further investigation.Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed, in utero, to different antiepileptic drug treatments. A prospective cohort of women with epilepsy and a control group of women without epilepsy were recruited from antenatal clinics. The children of this cohort were followed longitudinally until 6 years of age (n=415). Diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder was made independently of the research team. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed an increase in risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed to monotherapy sodium valproate (VPA) (6/50, 12.0%; aOR 6.05, 95%CI 1.65 to 24.53, p=0.007) and in those exposed to polytherapy with sodium VPA (3/20, 15.0%; aOR 9.97, 95% CI 1.82 to 49.40, p=0.005) compared with control children (4/214; 1.87%). Autistic spectrum disorder was the most frequent diagnosis. No significant increase was found among children exposed to carbamazepine (1/50) or lamotrigine (2/30). An accumulation of evidence demonstrates that the risks associated with prenatal sodium VPA exposure include an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Whether such disorders are discrete or represent the severe end of a continuum of altered neurodevelopmental functioning requires further investigation. Replication and extension of this research is required to investigate the mechanism(s) underpinning the relationship. Finally, the increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders should be communicated to women for whom sodium VPA is a treatment option.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Developmental toxicity of antiepileptic drugs—An update
TL;DR: Data show that not all AEDs are equally teratogenic and in some cases some have shown to exhibit very low teratogenicity, if at all, and further study is required to best understand how AED's may be used to ensure proper healthcare for the expecting mother and eliminate the risk to the developing fetus.
Posted ContentDOI
The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in neurodevelopmental deficits and experience-dependent structural plasticity in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Sayali Gore,Eric J. James,Lin-Chien Huang,Jenn J. Park,Andrea Berghella,Hollis T. Cline,Carlos D. Aizenman +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that during normal neurodevelopment MMP-9 levels are tightly regulated by neuronal activity and required for structural plasticity, and that overexpressing Mmp-9 in the brain copies effects of VPA on synaptic connectivity, and blocking M MP-9 activity pharmacologically or genetically reverses effects ofVPA on physiology and behavior.
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Effects of Maternal Use of Antiseizure Medications on Child Development.
TL;DR: Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are among the most commonly prescribed teratogenic medications in women of childbearing age as mentioned in this paper , however, women typically cannot avoid using ASMs during pregnancy.
Impaired Epigenesis of Imprinting Predispositions Causes Autism-like Behavioral Phenotypes in Domestic Chicks
Toshiya Matsushima,Momoko Miura,Nina Patzke,Noriyuki Toji,Kazuhiro,Wada,Yukiko Ogura,Koichi J. Homma,Paola Sgadò,Giorgio Vallortigara +9 more
TL;DR: It is reported that VPA effectively suppressed the spontaneous motion of 14-day fetuses, and selectively impaired the imprinting of an artifact object (colored toy) in hatchlings while the predisposed preference to biological motion (BM) remained intact.
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Obstetrics and Gynecology Patients: Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, and Postpartum-Related Psychiatric Disorders
TL;DR: Pregnancy and the postpartum period are considered to be vulnerable times in a woman’s life with significant increase and drop in reproductive hormones and increased risk of psychiatric symptoms.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Kimford J. Meador,Gus A. Baker,Nancy Browning,Jill Clayton-Smith,Deborah T. Combs-Cantrell,Morris J. Cohen,Laura A. Kalayjian,Andres M. Kanner,Joyce Liporace,Page B. Pennell,Michael Privitera,David W. Loring +11 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Torbjörn Tomson,Dina Battino,Erminio Bonizzoni,John Craig,Dick Lindhout,Anne Sabers,Emilio Perucca,Frank J.E. Vajda +7 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues
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