The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs
Rebecca Bromley,George E. Mawer,Maria Briggs,Christopher P Cheyne,Jill Clayton-Smith,Marta García-Fiñana,Rachel Kneen,S. B. Lucas,Rebekah Shallcross,Gus A. Baker +9 more
TLDR
An accumulation of evidence demonstrates that the risks associated with prenatal sodium VPA exposure include an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, whether such disorders are discrete or represent the severe end of a continuum of altered neuro developmental functioning requires further investigation.Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed, in utero, to different antiepileptic drug treatments. A prospective cohort of women with epilepsy and a control group of women without epilepsy were recruited from antenatal clinics. The children of this cohort were followed longitudinally until 6 years of age (n=415). Diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder was made independently of the research team. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed an increase in risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed to monotherapy sodium valproate (VPA) (6/50, 12.0%; aOR 6.05, 95%CI 1.65 to 24.53, p=0.007) and in those exposed to polytherapy with sodium VPA (3/20, 15.0%; aOR 9.97, 95% CI 1.82 to 49.40, p=0.005) compared with control children (4/214; 1.87%). Autistic spectrum disorder was the most frequent diagnosis. No significant increase was found among children exposed to carbamazepine (1/50) or lamotrigine (2/30). An accumulation of evidence demonstrates that the risks associated with prenatal sodium VPA exposure include an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Whether such disorders are discrete or represent the severe end of a continuum of altered neurodevelopmental functioning requires further investigation. Replication and extension of this research is required to investigate the mechanism(s) underpinning the relationship. Finally, the increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders should be communicated to women for whom sodium VPA is a treatment option.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Risks of In Utero Exposure to Valproate
TL;DR: One estimate suggests that from 2005-2007, there were 7 900 000 annual prescriptions for antiepileptic medications among girls and women aged 15 to 44 years, including 926 000 for valproate (12% of all antiePileptic medication prescriptions, irrespective of indication).
Journal ArticleDOI
Pregnancy, epilepsy, and women's issues.
TL;DR: Understanding these key factors should enable informed treatment recommendations that can reduce adverse health effects in women with epilepsy and improve both seizure control and maternal and fetal outcomes.
BookDOI
The molecular basis of autism
TL;DR: The authors examine the molecular basis of cholinergic changes in autistic spectrum disorders and relevance for treatment interventions, and the role of serotonin in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Human Studies and Animal Models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study
Pierre Olivier Blotière,Sara Miranda,Alain Weill,Yann Mikaeloff,Hugo Peyre,Franck Ramus,Zureik Mahmoud,Joël Coste,Rosemary Dray-Spira +8 more
TL;DR: No increased risk of any of the neurodevelopmental outcomes investigated in this study was observed with prenatal exposure to levetiracetam, pregabalin, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, clonazepam or carbamazepine compared with lamotrigine, which corroborates the well-known association between maternal use of VPA during pregnancy and the risk of neuro developmental disorders in the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive outcomes of prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure.
TL;DR: Research in animal models is warranted to screen AEDs for their effects on cognition in exposed offspring and to further the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which A EDs exert their harmful effects on the developing brain.
References
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The SANAD study of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial.
Anthony G Marson,Asya M Al-Kharusi,Muna Alwaidh,Richard Appleton,Gus A. Baker,David Chadwick,Celia Cramp,Oliver C Cockerell,PN Cooper,Julie Doughty,Barbara Eaton,Carrol Gamble,Peter Goulding,Stephen Howell,Adrian Hughes,Margaret Jackson,Ann Jacoby,Mark Kellett,G. R. Lawson,John Paul Leach,Paola Nicolaides,Richard C. Roberts,Phil Shackley,Jing Shen,David F. Smith,Philip E. M. Smith,Catrin Tudur Smith,Alessandr a Vanoli,Paula R Williamson +28 more
TL;DR: Valproate is better tolerated than topiramate and more efficacious than lamotrigine, and should remain the drug of first choice for many patients with generalised and unclassified epilepsies, and because of known potential adverse effects of valproate during pregnancy, the benefits for seizure control in women of childbearing years should be considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: Review of the current evidence
Karen Markussen Linnet,Søren Dalsgaard,Carsten Obel,Kirsten Wisborg,Tine Brink Henriksen,Alina Rodriguez,Arto J. Kotimaa,Irma Moilanen,Per Hove Thomsen,Jørn Olsen,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin +10 more
TL;DR: Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero is suspected to be associated with ADHD and ADHD symptoms in children and other maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may also beassociated with these disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Function at 3 Years of Age after Fetal Exposure to Antiepileptic Drugs
Kimford J. Meador,Gus A. Baker,Nancy Browning,Jill Clayton-Smith,Deborah T. Combs-Cantrell,Morris J. Cohen,Laura A. Kalayjian,Andres M. Kanner,Joyce Liporace,Page B. Pennell,Michael Privitera,David W. Loring +11 more
TL;DR: In utero exposure to valproate, as compared with other commonly used antiepileptic drugs, is associated with an increased risk of impaired cognitive function at 3 years of age, and this finding supports a recommendation thatValproate not be used as a first-choice drug in women of childbearing potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry.
Torbjörn Tomson,Dina Battino,Erminio Bonizzoni,John Craig,Dick Lindhout,Anne Sabers,Emilio Perucca,Frank J.E. Vajda +7 more
TL;DR: The risk of major congenital malformations is influenced not only by type of antiepileptic drug, but also by dose and other variables, which should be taken into account in the management of epilepsy in women of childbearing potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues
TL;DR: Takeaway is that a unifying view of complex pathogenetic pathways that are likely to lead to autism spectrum disorders through altered neurite morphology, synaptogenesis and cell migration is provided.