The Psychosis High-Risk State: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review
Paolo Fusar-Poli,Stefan Borgwardt,Andreas Bechdolf,Jean Addington,Anita Riecher-Rössler,Frauke Schultze-Lutter,Matcheri S. Keshavan,Stephen J. Wood,Stephan Ruhrmann,Larry J. Seidman,Lucia Valmaggia,Tyrone D. Cannon,Eva Velthorst,Lieuwe de Haan,Barbara A. Cornblatt,Ilaria Bonoldi,Max Birchwood,Thomas H. McGlashan,William T. Carpenter,Patrick D. McGorry,Joachim Klosterkötter,Philip McGuire,Alison R. Yung +22 more
TLDR
The relatively new field of HR research in psychosis has the potential to shed light on the development of major psychotic disorders and to alter their course and provides a rationale for service provision to those in need of help who could not previously access it.Abstract:
Context During the past 2 decades, a major transition in the clinical characterization of psychotic disorders has occurred. The construct of a clinical high-risk (HR) state for psychosis has evolved to capture the prepsychotic phase, describing people presenting with potentially prodromal symptoms. The importance of this HR state has been increasingly recognized to such an extent that a new syndrome is being considered as a diagnostic category in the DSM-5. Objective To reframe the HR state in a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the progress that has been made while also recognizing the challenges that remain. Data Sources Available HR research of the past 20 years from PubMed, books, meetings, abstracts, and international conferences. Study Selection and Data Extraction Critical review of HR studies addressing historical development, inclusion criteria, epidemiologic research, transition criteria, outcomes, clinical and functional characteristics, neurocognition, neuroimaging, predictors of psychosis development, treatment trials, socioeconomic aspects, nosography, and future challenges in the field. Data Synthesis Relevant articles retrieved in the literature search were discussed by a large group of leading worldwide experts in the field. The core results are presented after consensus and are summarized in illustrative tables and figures. Conclusions The relatively new field of HR research in psychosis is exciting. It has the potential to shed light on the development of major psychotic disorders and to alter their course. It also provides a rationale for service provision to those in need of help who could not previously access it and the possibility of changing trajectories for those with vulnerability to psychotic illnesses.read more
Citations
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The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention in cognitive functions and psychological well-being applied as an early intervention in schizophrenia and high-risk mental state in a Chilean sample: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Álvaro I. Langer,Álvaro I. Langer,Carlos Schmidt,Rocío Mayol,Marcela Díaz,Javiera Lecaros,Edwin Krogh,Aída Pardow,Carolina Vergara,Guillermo Vergara,Bernardita Pérez-Herrera,María José Villar,Alejandro Maturana,Pablo A. Gaspar +13 more
TL;DR: The outcomes of this trial will add empirical evidence to the benefits and feasibility of MBIs for the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with schizophrenia and high-risk mental states in reducing cognitive impairment in attention, working memory, and social cognition, as well as increasing the psychological well-being.
Journal ArticleDOI
Context matters: The impact of neighborhood crime and paranoid symptoms on psychosis risk assessment
Camille Wilson,Melissa Edmondson Smith,Elizabeth Thompson,Caroline Demro,Emily Kline,Kristin Bussell,Steven C. Pitts,Jordan E. DeVylder,Gloria Reeves,Jason Schiffman +9 more
TL;DR: Increased neighborhood crime significantly predicted suspiciousness over and above the influence of the other SIPS positive symptoms in predicting suspiciousness, suggesting that neighborhood crime may in some cases account for suspiciousness ascertained as part of a psychosis risk assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Clinic for Assessment of Youth at Risk (CAYR): 10 years of service delivery and research targeting the prevention of psychosis in Montreal, Canada.
Marita Pruessner,Marita Pruessner,Kia Faridi,Kia Faridi,Jai Shah,Jai Shah,Mark Rabinovitch,Mark Rabinovitch,Srividya N. Iyer,Srividya N. Iyer,Sherezad Abadi,Nicole Pawliuk,Ridha Joober,Ridha Joober,Ashok Malla,Ashok Malla +15 more
TL;DR: The operation of the Clinic for Assessment of Youth at Risk (CAYR) over 10 years is described, a specialized service for identification, monitoring and treatment of young individuals who meet ultra‐high risk (UHR) criteria for psychosis, and its integration within the Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP) in Montreal, Canada.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Magnetoencephalographically Measured High-Frequency Oscillations in Visual Cortex With Circuit Dysfunctions in Local and Large-scale Networks During Emerging Psychosis.
Tineke Grent-'t-Jong,Ruchika Gajwani,Joachim Gross,Andrew Gumley,Rajeev Krishnadas,Stephen M. Lawrie,Matthias Schwannauer,Frauke Schultze-Lutter,Peter J. Uhlhaas +8 more
TL;DR: There were significant impairments in the variability, power, and connectivity of neural oscillations during visual processing in clinical high-risk participants and patients with first-episode psychosis that were associated with impaired functioning and cognitive deficits.
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The Youth Mental Health Risk and Resilience Study (YouR-Study)
Peter J. Uhlhaas,Ruchika Gajwani,Joachim Gross,Andrew Gumley,Stephen M. Lawrie,Matthias Schwannauer +5 more
TL;DR: Novel data is expected related to the contribution of affect regulation and attachment-processes in the development of mental health problems, leading to an integrative model of early stage psychosis and the factors underlying risk and resilience of emerging psychopathology.
References
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BookDOI
Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research.
TL;DR: This study provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction and presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States
Alison R. Yung,Hok Pan Yuen,Patrick D. McGorry,Lisa J. Phillips,D. Kelly,Margaret Dell'Olio,Shona M. Francey,Elizabeth Cosgrave,Eoin Killackey,Carrie Stanford,Katherine Godfrey,Joe A. Buckby +11 more
TL;DR: The CAARMS instrument provides a useful platform for monitoring sub threshold psychotic symptoms for worsening into full-threshold psychotic disorder and has good to excellent reliability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prodromal Assessment With the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms: Predictive Validity, Interrater Reliability, and Training to Reliability
Tandy J. Miller,Thomas H. McGlashan,Joanna Lifshey Rosen,Kristen Cadenhead,Joseph Ventura,William R. McFarlane,Diana O. Perkins,Godfrey D. Pearlson,Scott W. Woods +8 more
TL;DR: Data is presented suggesting that excellent interrater reliability can be established for diagnosis in a day-and-a-half-long training workshop and on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale of ProDromal Symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison.
Christos Pantelis,Christos Pantelis,Dennis Velakoulis,Dennis Velakoulis,Patrick D. McGorry,Stephen J. Wood,Stephen J. Wood,John Suckling,Lisa J. Phillips,Alison R. Yung,Edward T. Bullmore,Warrick J. Brewer,Warrick J. Brewer,Bridget Soulsby,Bridget Soulsby,Patricia Desmond,Philip McGuire +16 more
TL;DR: Some of the grey-matter abnormalities associated with psychotic disorders predate the onset of frank symptoms, whereas others appear in association with their first expression.