The Psychosis High-Risk State: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review
Paolo Fusar-Poli,Stefan Borgwardt,Andreas Bechdolf,Jean Addington,Anita Riecher-Rössler,Frauke Schultze-Lutter,Matcheri S. Keshavan,Stephen J. Wood,Stephan Ruhrmann,Larry J. Seidman,Lucia Valmaggia,Tyrone D. Cannon,Eva Velthorst,Lieuwe de Haan,Barbara A. Cornblatt,Ilaria Bonoldi,Max Birchwood,Thomas H. McGlashan,William T. Carpenter,Patrick D. McGorry,Joachim Klosterkötter,Philip McGuire,Alison R. Yung +22 more
TLDR
The relatively new field of HR research in psychosis has the potential to shed light on the development of major psychotic disorders and to alter their course and provides a rationale for service provision to those in need of help who could not previously access it.Abstract:
Context During the past 2 decades, a major transition in the clinical characterization of psychotic disorders has occurred. The construct of a clinical high-risk (HR) state for psychosis has evolved to capture the prepsychotic phase, describing people presenting with potentially prodromal symptoms. The importance of this HR state has been increasingly recognized to such an extent that a new syndrome is being considered as a diagnostic category in the DSM-5. Objective To reframe the HR state in a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the progress that has been made while also recognizing the challenges that remain. Data Sources Available HR research of the past 20 years from PubMed, books, meetings, abstracts, and international conferences. Study Selection and Data Extraction Critical review of HR studies addressing historical development, inclusion criteria, epidemiologic research, transition criteria, outcomes, clinical and functional characteristics, neurocognition, neuroimaging, predictors of psychosis development, treatment trials, socioeconomic aspects, nosography, and future challenges in the field. Data Synthesis Relevant articles retrieved in the literature search were discussed by a large group of leading worldwide experts in the field. The core results are presented after consensus and are summarized in illustrative tables and figures. Conclusions The relatively new field of HR research in psychosis is exciting. It has the potential to shed light on the development of major psychotic disorders and to alter their course. It also provides a rationale for service provision to those in need of help who could not previously access it and the possibility of changing trajectories for those with vulnerability to psychotic illnesses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of cognitive functions between first-episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Angel On Ki Chu,Wing Chung Chang,Sherry Kit Wa Chan,Edwin Ho Ming Lee,Christy Lai Ming Hui,Eric Y.H. Chen +5 more
TL;DR: Digit symbol coding may have the greatest discriminant capacity in distinguishing FES and CHR from healthy controls, and between two high-risk samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Autism Across the Lifespan: A Way Forward
TL;DR: The best practices in the field for toddler, school-age and adolescent/adult assessments are reviewed, at-risk symptomatology in toddlers is described, common co-morbidities to be aware of at each time point, and cultural issues with regard to diagnoses are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Saccadic eye movements in different dimensions of schizophrenia and in clinical high-risk state for psychosis
Ilya Obyedkov,Maryna Skuhareuskaya,Oleg Skugarevsky,Victor Obyedkov,Pavel Buslauski,Tatsiana Skuhareuskaya,Napoleon Waszkiewicz +6 more
TL;DR: Saccadic abnormalities were revealed in the clinical (schizophrenia) and pre-clinical (clinical high risk) populations that provide further evidence for assessing saccadic abnormality as a possible neurobiological marker for schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the Relationship between Sense of Agency, the Bodily-Self and Stress: Four Virtual-Reality Experiments in Healthy Individuals.
TL;DR: The results strongly support the connection between SoA and the bodily-self, as SoA was not impaired by stress, and weakly related to psychotic symptoms, as well as investigating the relationship between stress and self-reported prodromal symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of "psychosis risk" identification: Examining predictors of how youth view themselves.
Lawrence H. Yang,Kristen A. Woodberry,Bruce G. Link,Cheryl Corcoran,Caitlin Bryant,Daniel I. Shapiro,Donna Downing,Ragy R. Girgis,Gary Brucato,Debbie Huang,Francesca Crump,Mary Verdi,William R. McFarlane,Larry J. Seidman +13 more
TL;DR: Nonpsychotic disorder labels appear to have a greater impact on CHR youth than psychosis-risk labels, and, secondarily, being told they are at PR appears to increase the relative impact of the PR label.
References
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BookDOI
Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research.
TL;DR: This study provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction and presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States
Alison R. Yung,Hok Pan Yuen,Patrick D. McGorry,Lisa J. Phillips,D. Kelly,Margaret Dell'Olio,Shona M. Francey,Elizabeth Cosgrave,Eoin Killackey,Carrie Stanford,Katherine Godfrey,Joe A. Buckby +11 more
TL;DR: The CAARMS instrument provides a useful platform for monitoring sub threshold psychotic symptoms for worsening into full-threshold psychotic disorder and has good to excellent reliability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prodromal Assessment With the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms: Predictive Validity, Interrater Reliability, and Training to Reliability
Tandy J. Miller,Thomas H. McGlashan,Joanna Lifshey Rosen,Kristen Cadenhead,Joseph Ventura,William R. McFarlane,Diana O. Perkins,Godfrey D. Pearlson,Scott W. Woods +8 more
TL;DR: Data is presented suggesting that excellent interrater reliability can be established for diagnosis in a day-and-a-half-long training workshop and on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale of ProDromal Symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison.
Christos Pantelis,Christos Pantelis,Dennis Velakoulis,Dennis Velakoulis,Patrick D. McGorry,Stephen J. Wood,Stephen J. Wood,John Suckling,Lisa J. Phillips,Alison R. Yung,Edward T. Bullmore,Warrick J. Brewer,Warrick J. Brewer,Bridget Soulsby,Bridget Soulsby,Patricia Desmond,Philip McGuire +16 more
TL;DR: Some of the grey-matter abnormalities associated with psychotic disorders predate the onset of frank symptoms, whereas others appear in association with their first expression.