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The Rietveld method

R. A. Young
- 01 Jan 1993 - 
- Vol. 30, Iss: 4
TLDR
In this paper, the early days of the Rietveld method are described, along with a retrospective view of its application in various areas of physics, such as X-ray and neutron analysis.
Abstract: 
Introduction to the Rietveld Method 1. The early days: a retrospective view 2. Mathematical aspects of Rietveld refinement 3. The flow of radiation in a polycrystalline material 4. Data collection strategies: fitting the experiment to the need 5. Background modelling in Rietveld analysis 6. Analytical profile fitting of X-ray powder diffraction profiles in Rietveld analysis 7. Crystal imperfection broadening and peak shape in the Rietveld method 8. Bragg reflection profile shape in X-ray powder diffraction patterns 9. Restraints and constraints in Rietveld refinement 10. Rietveld refinement with time-of-flight powder diffraction data from pulsed neutron sources 11. Combined X-ray and neutron Rietveld refinement 12. Rietveld analysis programs Rietan and Premos and special applications 13. Position - constrained and unconstrained powder-pattern-decomposition methods 14. Ab initio structure solutions with powder diffraction data

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Growth of zinc-blend-type structure GaN from a Na–Ga melt

Hisanon Yamane, +2 more
- 01 Jan 2000 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the X-ray powder diffraction pattern revealed that the material precipitated on the bottom of the boron nitride crucible consisted of cubic GaN (zinc-blend-type, a =4.5019(1) A) and hexagonal GaN(wurtzite-type; a =3.1887(1), c =5.1853(4) A).
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Structural and electrical characterization of Li(Mn1−δTiδ)2O4 electrode materials

Kwang Soo Yoo, +2 more
- 01 Dec 1998 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the spinel Li(Mn1−δTiδ)2O4 electrode materials were synthesized by solid state reaction and the crystal structure by a Rietveld method and electrical properties by an impedance analyzer was characterized.
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Phase transformation of Ca4[Al6O12]SO4 and its disordered crystal structure at 1073K

Daisuke Kurokawa, +6 more
- 01 Jul 2014 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the phase transformation of Ca4[Al6O12]SO4 and the crystal structure of its high-temperature phase were investigated by differential thermal analysis, temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and hightemperature X-ray powder diffraction (CuKα1).
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Continuously Cooled Ultrafine Bainitic Steel with Excellent Strength–Elongation Combination

Sourav Das, +1 more
- 14 Jan 2014 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, a steel with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) above 1200 MPa with minimum elongation of 20 pct is presented, which can be directly produced in any hot strip mill after accelerated cooling on the runout table followed by coiling.
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Model-Free Search for Extra-Framework Cations in Zeolites Using Powder Diffraction

Robert J. Papoular, +1 more
- 01 Nov 1995 - 
TL;DR: In this article, a more objective way of locating extra-framework cations from powder diffraction data using a maximum-entropy approach was proposed, which has successfully applied this procedure to synchrotron x-ray powder data pertaining to Na-A and Y aluminosilicate zeolites.