The rise of big clinical databases.
Jonathan Cook,Gary S. Collins +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the uses of data from large multi‐institution clinical databases for research.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The routine collection of large amounts of clinical data, 'big data', is becoming more common, as are research studies that make use of these data source. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the uses of data from large multi-institution clinical databases for research. METHODS: This article considers the potential benefits, the types of data source, and the use to which the data is put. Additionally, the main challenges associated with using these data sources for research purposes are considered. RESULTS: Common uses of the data include: providing population characteristics; identifying risk factors and developing prediction (diagnostic or prognostic) models; observational studies comparing different interventions; exploring variation between healthcare providers; and as a supplementary source of data for another study. The main advantages of using such big data sources are their comprehensive nature, the relatively large number of patients they comprise, and the ability to compare healthcare providers. The main challenges are demonstrating data quality and confidently applying a causal interpretation to the study findings. CONCLUSION: Large clinical database research studies are becoming ubiquitous and offer a number of potential benefits. However, the limitations of such data sources must not be overlooked; each research study needs to be considered carefully in its own right, together with the justification for using the data for that specific purpose.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
External validation of clinical prediction models using big datasets from e-health records or IPD meta-analysis: opportunities and challenges
Richard D Riley,Joie Ensor,Kym I E Snell,Thomas P. A. Debray,Doug G Altman,Karel G.M. Moons,Gary S. Collins +6 more
TL;DR: Novel opportunities for external validation in big, combined datasets in e-health records and individual participant data meta-analysis are illustrated, drawing attention to methodological challenges and reporting issues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-world data: towards achieving the achievable in cancer care
TL;DR: The quality of real-world data (RWD), provide a framework for the use of RWD and draw attention to the methodological pitfalls inherent to using RWD in studies of comparative effectiveness are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis — insights from real-world observational studies
Maria Trojano,Mar Tintoré,Xavier Montalban,Jan Hillert,Tomas Kalincik,Pietro Iaffaldano,Tim Spelman,Maria Pia Sormani,Helmut Butzkueven +8 more
TL;DR: This Review focuses on the most recently published observational studies designed to identify predictors of poor outcome and treatment response or failure, and to evaluate the relative and long-term effectiveness of currently used MS treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutational landscapes of tongue carcinoma reveal recurrent mutations in genes of therapeutic and prognostic relevance
André Luiz Vettore,André Luiz Vettore,Kalpana Ramnarayanan,Gregory Poore,Kevin Lim,Choon Kiat Ong,Choon Kiat Ong,Kie Kyon Huang,Hui Sun Leong,Fui Teen Chong,Tony Kiat Hon Lim,Weng Khong Lim,Ioana Cutcutache,John R. McPherson,Yuka Suzuki,Shenli Zhang,Thakshayeni Skanthakumar,Weining Wang,Daniel Shao-Weng Tan,Byoung Chul Cho,Byoung Chul Cho,Bin Tean Teh,Steve Rozen,Steve Rozen,Patrick Tan,Patrick Tan,N. Gopalakrishna Iyer +26 more
TL;DR: This study defines the Asian OTSCC mutational landscape, highlighting the key role of Notch signaling in oral tongue tumorigenesis, and observed somatic mutations in multiple therapeutically relevant genes, which may represent candidate drug targets in this highly lethal tumor type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advancing computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) by big data and data-driven machine learning modeling.
TL;DR: Advances in chemical synthesis and biological screening technologies over the past decade have shown great potential to provide insights into relevant chemical structures to predict in vitro, in vivo, and clinical outcomes, thereby advancing drug discovery and development in the big data era.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies
TL;DR: The propensity score is a balancing score: conditional on the propensity score, the distribution of observed baseline covariates will be similar between treated and untreated subjects, and different causal average treatment effects and their relationship with propensity score analyses are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hospital Volume and Surgical Mortality in the United States
John D. Birkmeyer,Andrea E. Siewers,Emily Finlayson,Therese A. Stukel,F. Lee Lucas,Ida Batista,H. Gilbert Welch,David E. Wennberg +7 more
TL;DR: Mortality decreased as volume increased for all 14 types of procedures, but the relative importance of volume varied markedly according to the type of procedure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies.
Jonathan J Deeks,Jacqueline Dinnes,Roberto D'Amico,Amanda Sowden,C Sakarovitch,Fujian Song,Mark Petticrew,Douglas G. Altman +7 more
TL;DR: The inability of case-mix adjustment methods to compensate for selection bias and the inability to identify non- randomised studies that are free of selection bias indicate that non-randomised studies should only be undertaken when RCTs are infeasible or unethical.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States
TL;DR: In the absence of other information about the quality of surgery at the hospitals near them, Medicare patients undergoing selected cardiovascular or cancer procedures can significantly reduce their risk of operative death by selecting a high-volume hospital.
Journal ArticleDOI
EuroSCORE II dagger
Samer A.M. Nashef,François Roques,Linda D. Sharples,Johan Nilsson,Christopher Smith,Antony R Goldstone,Ulf Lockowandt +6 more
TL;DR: Cardiac surgical mortality has significantly reduced in the last 15 years despite older and sicker patients, and EuroSCORE II is better calibrated than the original model yet preserves powerful discrimination.
Related Papers (5)
Methods and dimensions of electronic health record data quality assessment: enabling reuse for clinical research.
Nicole G. Weiskopf,Chunhua Weng +1 more