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The TLR-mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells is positively regulated by estradiol in vivo through cell-intrinsic estrogen receptor α signaling

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TLDR
It is shown, in humanized mice, that the TLR-7-mediated response of human pDCs is increased in female host mice relative to male, and a previously unappreciated role for estrogens in regulating the innate functions of p DCs is uncovered, which may account for sex-based differences in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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This article is published in Blood.The article was published on 2012-01-12. It has received 251 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Toll-like receptor & Estrogen receptor alpha.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Sex differences in immune responses

TL;DR: It is emphasized that sex is a biological variable that should be considered in immunological studies and contribute to variations in the incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, susceptibility to infectious diseases and responses to vaccines in males and females.
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Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of 3,111,714 reported global cases shows that, whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have almost three times the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit (ITU) admission and higher odds of death compared to females.
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The multifaceted biology of plasmacytoid dendritic cells

TL;DR: Recent progress in the field of pDC biology is summarized, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of p DCs, the pathways involved in their sensing of pathogens and endogenous nucleic acids, their functions at mucosal sites, and their roles in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.

TL;DR: The data suggest that sex differences in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV in mice parallel those observed in patients and also identify estrogen receptor signaling as critical for protection in females.
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Estrogen receptors regulate innate immune cells and signaling pathways.

TL;DR: Reviewing the recent literature and highlighting several molecular mechanisms by which ERs regulate the development or functional responses of innate immune cells may contribute to the reported sex differences in innate immune pathways.
References
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Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus

TL;DR: Global gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is used to identify distinct patterns of gene expression that distinguish most SLE patients from healthy controls, and identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from therapies targeting the IFN pathway.
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Interferon and Granulopoiesis Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Blood

TL;DR: Microarray analysis of blood cells reveals that immature granulocytes may be involved in SLE pathogenesis, and the IFN signature confirms the central role of this cytokine in Sle, using oligonucleotide microarrays.
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Induction of Dendritic Cell Differentiation by IFN-α in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

TL;DR: The capacity of SLE patients' serum to induce DC differentiation correlated with disease activity and depended on the actions of interferon-α (IFN-α), suggesting unabated induction of DCs by IFN- α may drive the autoimmune response in SLE.
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Sex differences in autoimmune disease

TL;DR: A new interest in understanding the biology of this difference as well as funding opportunities have focused attention on research priorities in sex differences.
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Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors.

TL;DR: CD14dim monocytes were weak phagocytes and did not produce ROS or cytokines in response to cell-surface Toll-like receptors, but selectively produced TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL3 inresponse to viruses and immune complexes containing nucleic acids, via a proinflammatory TLR7-TLR 8-MyD88-MEK pathway.
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