Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity assessment of unintentional exposure to multiple chemicals.
TLDR
Three alternative approaches are available for assessing the toxicity of chemical mixtures and each has shortcomings, but as the procedures of each approach are described in this paper, at various steps research needs are identified.About:
This article is published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.The article was published on 2007-09-01. It has received 31 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Poison control.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Combined Toxic Exposures and Human Health: Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect
Ilona Silins,Johan Högberg +1 more
TL;DR: Most examples describe techniques for biomonitoring effects which may detect early changes induced by many chemical stressors and which have the potential to accelerate data gathering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Background, approaches and recent trends for setting health-based occupational exposure limits: a minireview.
TL;DR: Health-based OELs are set for direct-acting genotoxic compounds where the life-time risks may be estimated from the low-dose linear non-threshold extrapolation, allowing a politically based exposure level to be set.
DissertationDOI
Exposures to multiple environmental chemicals (lead, methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls) among childbearing-aged women in the u.s.
TL;DR: The prevalence of exposures was widespread among childbearing-aged women, one fifth of whom had xenobiotic blood levels at or above the geometric mean for all three chemicals, and pregnant women had lower prevalence rates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk assessment of pesticides and heavy metals contaminants in vegetables: a novel bioassay method using Daphnia magna Straus.
Sameeh A. Mansour,Marwa F. Gad +1 more
TL;DR: Based on the estimated lethal time for 50% mortality in daphnids, a classification to categorize toxic hazards in six definite ratings was suggested and cucumber and potato samples were ranked as "Highly Toxic: HT" and "Moderately Toxic: MT", respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Late effects of a perinatal exposure to a 16 PAH mixture: Increase of anxiety-related behaviours and decrease of regional brain metabolism in adult male rats
Guillemette Crépeaux,Pascaline Bouillaud-Kremarik,Nurgul Sikhayeva,Guido Rychen,Rachid Soulimani,Henri Schroeder +5 more
TL;DR: It is highlighted that exposure toPAHs at early stages of brain development can cause later troubles on behaviour and that PAHs are able to partly alter the central nervous system metabolism on adulthood.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife
M. van den Berg,L. Birnbaum,A.T.C. Bosveld,B. Brunstrom,P. Cook,M. Feeley,John P. Giesy,Annika Hanberg,R. Hasegawa,S.W. Kennedy,T. Kubiak,J. C. Larsen,F.X.R. van Leeuwen,A. K. D. Liem,C. Nolt,R.E. Peterson,L. Poellinger,Stephen Safe,D. Schrenk,D. Tillitt,Mats Tysklind,Maged Younes,F. Waern,T. Zacharewski +23 more
TL;DR: It was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs).
TL;DR: The most toxic halogenated aromatic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and based on in vivo and in vitro studies the relative toxicities have been determined relative to TCDD (i.e., toxic equivalents).
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and related compounds : environmental and mechanistic considerations with support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs)
TL;DR: The most toxic halogenated aromatic is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments☆
D.G. Barnes,Michael L. Dourson +1 more
TL;DR: The concept of the "reference dose" is introduced in order to avoid use of prejudicial terms, to promote greater consistency in the assessment of noncarcinogenic chemicals, and to maintain the functional between risk assessment and risk management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health and environmental consequences of the world trade center disaster.
Philip J. Landrigan,P. J. Lioy,George D. Thurston,Gertrud S. Berkowitz,Lung Chi Chen,Steven N. Chillrud,Stephen H. Gavett,Panos G. Georgopoulos,Alison S. Geyh,Stephen M. Levin,Frederica P. Perera,Stephen M. Rappaport,Christopher Small +12 more
TL;DR: Environmental exposures after the WTC disaster were associated with significant adverse effects on health, and the high alkalinity of WTC dust produced bronchial hyperreactivity, persistent cough, and increased risk of asthma.