Showing papers in "Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 2007"

TL;DR: The current preclinical and mechanistic data available and resveratrol's anticancer effects are assessed to support its potential as an anticancer agent in human populations are discussed.

TL;DR: This article offers a set of recommendations that scientists believe can achieve greater conceptual harmony in dose-response terminology, as well as better understanding and communication across the broad spectrum of biological disciplines.

TL;DR: A review of recent developments in the understanding of the transport of manganese (Mn) into the central nervous system (CNS), as well as brain imaging and neurocognitive studies in non-human primates aimed at improving the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity is presented in this article.

TL;DR: Four new lines of research comprise compelling evidence that exposures to Pb have adverse effects on the nervous system, that environmental factors increase nervous system susceptibility to P b, and that exposures in early life may cause neurodegeneration in later life.

TL;DR: The present data indicate that ultrafine TiO(2), even as aggregates/agglomerates, can trigger inflammatory responses that appear to be driven by their large surface area.

TL;DR: No conclusion can be convincingly drawn from epidemiological studies on tea consumption and human cancers, but tea constituents may still be used for the prevention of cancer at selected organ sites if sufficient concentrations of the agent can be delivered to these organs.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to critically assess the published literature regarding the toxic mechanisms of action of aminoglycoside on renal glomeruli and mesangial cells and provide an actualized and mechanistic vision of pathways involved in glomerular toxic effects of am inoglycosides.

TL;DR: The data presented in this report demonstrate that some widely used antimicrobial compounds have antiandrogenic properties and warrant further investigation to fully understand their potential impact on human reproductive health.

TL;DR: The mitochondrial hypothesis, implying gradually accumulating and initially silent mitochondrial injury in heteroplasmic cells which reaches a critical threshold and abruptly triggers liver injury, is consistent with the findings that typically idiosyncratic DILI is delayed and that increasing age and female gender are risk factors.

TL;DR: The major adverse cardiovascular effect of chronic arsenic poisoning has been established qualitatively and quantitatively in the high arsenic exposure areas, but the low-dose effect of arsenic on cardiovascular diseases remains to be explored.

TL;DR: The quercetin paradox in living cells implies that the anti-oxidant directs oxidative damage selectively to thiol arylation, and the potential toxicity of metabolites formed during the actual antioxidant activity of free radical scavengers should be considered in antioxidant supplementation.

TL;DR: Clinical-translational studies enabled us to develop an immunohistochemical assay for caspase-3 activation, using biopsies from patients treated with topical Pc 4 in a Phase I PDT trial for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and results suggest that this assay may be used as an early biomarker of clinical response.

TL;DR: Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in the neurotoxicity of two commonly used OPs, chlorpyrifos and diazinon, their oxygen analogs, and their "inactive" metabolites, in neuronal cells from a genetic model of glutathione deficiency indicates that cytotoxicity of OPs involves generation of reactive oxygen species and is modulated by intracellular GSH, and suggests that it may involve disturbances in intrACEllular homeostasis of calcium

TL;DR: The zebrafish embryo is used as a rapid, medium throughput, cost-effective whole-animal model to provide a more comprehensive and predictive developmental toxicity screen for nanomaterials such as PAMAM dendrimers.

TL;DR: It is found that the pyrethroid trans-permethrin is effectively hydrolyzed by a sample of pooled human intestinal microsomes (5 individuals), while deltamethrin and bioresmethrin are not, which correlates well with the substrate specificity of recombinant hCE2 enzyme.

TL;DR: The role of p53 from normal function and its dysfunction in pre-cancerous lesions and non-melanoma skin cancers is discussed and special situations are explored, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

TL;DR: Overall this model has provided convincing evidence that arsenic is a transplacental carcinogen in mice with the ability to target tissues of potential human relevance, such as the urinary bladder, lung and liver.

TL;DR: Ascorbic acid blocks both the adverse effects of arsenic on male reproductive functions and the arsenic-induced testicular oxidative changes, which support the notion that arsenic impairs male reproductive function by inducing oxidative stress.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the U937 activation test may represent an useful tool in a future in vitro test battery for predicting sensitizing properties of chemicals.

TL;DR: In this paper, an increased risk of self-reported hypertension but not diabetes was reported in a community-based study of residents who consumed drinking water with a low level of arsenic, and increased glycosylated hemoglobin level and systolic blood pressure were observed in workers occupationally exposed to arsenic.

TL;DR: The widespread occurrence of thio-DMA in urine from these arsenic-exposed women suggests that this arsenical may also be present in other urine samples and has so far escaped detection, and highlights the need for analytical methods providing specific determinations of arsenic compounds in future studies on arsenic metabolism and toxicology.

TL;DR: Findings show significant estrogenic effects of the common UV filter BP-2 on vitellogenin induction, secondary sex characteristics, gonadal development, and reproduction in fish.

TL;DR: Findings with the two complementary methods indicate that some members of each class impair mitochondrial respiration, whereas others have little or no effect, and the rank order of mitochondrial impairment accords with clinical adverse events observed with these drugs.

TL;DR: Oxidative stress in mitochondria and inappropriate MPT are important in the pathogenesis of arsenic induced apoptotic liver cell injury, which is GSH dependent and supplementation of NAC might have beneficial effects.

TL;DR: A conceptual model that incorporates available information on molecular processes involved in the influx, metabolism, binding and efflux of arsenicals in cells is constructed, initially conceived as a non-quantitative representation of critical molecular processes that can be used as a framework for experimental design and prediction.

TL;DR: Exposure of mice to single-walled carbon nanotubes induces an unusually robust pulmonary inflammatory response with an early onset of fibrosis, which is accompanied by oxidative stress and antioxidant depletion.

TL;DR: While CyP1A may have a protective role against AHR agonists in liver and gut, CYP1B1, CYp1C1, and CYP 1C2 may also play endogenous roles in eye and heart and possibly other organs, as well as during development.

TL;DR: Data reveal the contributory role alpha7-nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells and partly elucidate the carcinogenic action of cigarette smoke on colon cancer.

TL;DR: In vitro concentrations of genistein >5 microM are defined as non-physiological, and thus "high" doses, in contrast to much of the previous literature, in order to distinguish genotoxic versus potentially beneficial in vitro effects of natural dietary products such as Genistein.

TL;DR: Inefficient arsenic methylation ability may be related with hypertension risk among residents of arseniasis-hyperendemic areas in Taiwan considering the effect of CAE and other potential confounders.