Transcriptional dynamics of two seed compartments with opposing roles in Arabidopsis seed germination
Bas J.W. Dekkers,Simon P. Pearce,R. P. (Marieke) van Bolderen-Veldkamp,Alex Marshall,Paweł Widera,James P. Gilbert,Hajk-Georg Drost,George W. Bassel,Kerstin Müller,John R. King,Andrew T. A. Wood,Ivo Grosse,Marcel Quint,Natalio Krasnogor,Gerhard Leubner-Metzger,Michael J. Holdsworth,Leónie Bentsink +16 more
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TLDR
Gene expression profiling in two seed compartments uncovers two transcriptional phases during seed germination that are separated by testa rupture, and indicates a role for mechano-induced signaling at this stage and highlights the fates of the endosperm and radicle: senescence and growth, respectively.Abstract:
Seed germination is a critical stage in the plant life cycle and the first step toward successful plant establishment. Therefore, understanding germination is of important ecological and agronomical relevance. Previous research revealed that different seed compartments (testa, endosperm, and embryo) control germination, but little is known about the underlying spatial and temporal transcriptome changes that lead to seed germination. We analyzed genome-wide expression in germinating Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds with both temporal and spatial detail and provide Web-accessible visualizations of the data reported (vseed.nottingham.ac.uk). We show the potential of this high-resolution data set for the construction of meaningful coexpression networks, which provide insight into the genetic control of germination. The data set reveals two transcriptional phases during germination that are separated by testa rupture. The first phase is marked by large transcriptome changes as the seed switches from a dry, quiescent state to a hydrated and active state. At the end of this first transcriptional phase, the number of differentially expressed genes between consecutive time points drops. This increases again at testa rupture, the start of the second transcriptional phase. Transcriptome data indicate a role for mechano-induced signaling at this stage and subsequently highlight the fates of the endosperm and radicle: senescence and growth, respectively. Finally, using a phylotranscriptomic approach, we show that expression levels of evolutionarily young genes drop during the first transcriptional phase and increase during the second phase. Evolutionarily old genes show an opposite pattern, suggesting a more conserved transcriptome prior to the completion of germination.read more
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Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation
TL;DR: How some seed characteristics that serve as adaptive responses to the natural environment are not suitable for agriculture are discussed and ways in which basic plant science could be applied to enhance seed performance in crop production are discussed.
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Seed dormancy and germination-emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses.
TL;DR: These studies suggest that chromatin remodeling through histone ubiquitination, methylation and acetylation, which could lead to transcription elongation or gene silencing, may play a significant role in seed dormancy regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abscisic acid transporters cooperate to control seed germination
Joohyun Kang,Sojeong Yim,Hyunju Choi,A‐Reum Kim,Keun Pyo Lee,Luis Lopez-Molina,Enrico Martinoia,Enrico Martinoia,Youngsook Lee +8 more
TL;DR: It is established that radicle extension and subsequent embryonic growth are suppressed by the coordinated activity of multiple ABA transporters expressed in different tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seed dormancy cycling and the regulation of dormancy mechanisms to time germination in variable field environments.
TL;DR: This approach has provided new insight into the co‐ordination of mechanisms and signalling networks, and the multidimensional sensing that regulates dormancy cycling in a variable environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The functions of the endosperm during seed germination.
TL;DR: The role of the endosperm during seed germination has been investigated in this article. But, it is not known whether the embryo secretes signals to the endo-sperm to induce the degradation of the seed reserve and to promote endo weakening during germination.
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Loïc Rajjou,Manuel Duval,Karine Gallardo,Julie Catusse,Julia Bally,Claudette Job,Dominique Job +6 more
TL;DR: It is highlighted that germination vigor depends on multiple biochemical and molecular variables and their characterization is expected to deliver new markers of seed quality that can be used in breeding programs and/or in biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields.