Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Women Compared With Men: A Pooled Analysis of 2.3 Million People Comprising More Than 100,000 Cases of Dementia.
Saion Chatterjee,Sanne A.E. Peters,Mark Woodward,Mark Woodward,Silvia Mejia Arango,G. David Batty,G. David Batty,Nigel Beckett,Alexa S. Beiser,Amy R. Borenstein,Paul K. Crane,Mary N. Haan,Linda B. Hassing,Kathleen M. Hayden,Yutaka Kiyohara,Eric B. Larson,Chung Yi Li,Toshiharu Ninomiya,Tomoyuki Ohara,Ruth Peters,Tom C. Russ,Tom C. Russ,Sudha Seshadri,Bjørn Heine Strand,Rod L. Walker,Weili Xu,Weili Xu,Rachel R. Huxley,Rachel R. Huxley +28 more
TLDR
A meta-analysis of unpublished data to estimate the sex-specific relationship between women and men with diabetes with incident dementia found individuals with type 2 diabetes are at ∼60% greater risk for the development of dementia compared with those without diabetes.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes confers a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women than in men. Diabetes is also a risk factor for dementia, but whether the association is similar in women and men remains unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of unpublished data to estimate the sex-specific relationship between women and men with diabetes with incident dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic search identified studies published prior to November 2014 that had reported on the prospective association between diabetes and dementia. Study authors contributed unpublished sex-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs on the association between diabetes and all dementia and its subtypes. Sex-specific RRs and the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Study-level data from 14 studies, 2,310,330 individuals, and 102,174 dementia case patients were included. In multiple-adjusted analyses, diabetes was associated with a 60% increased risk of any dementia in both sexes (women: pooled RR 1.62 [95% CI 1.45–1.80]; men: pooled RR 1.58 [95% CI 1.38–1.81]). The diabetes-associated RRs for vascular dementia were 2.34 (95% CI 1.86–2.94) in women and 1.73 (95% CI 1.61–1.85) in men, and for nonvascular dementia, the RRs were 1.53 (95% CI 1.35–1.73) in women and 1.49 (95% CI 1.31–1.69) in men. Overall, women with diabetes had a 19% greater risk for the development of vascular dementia than men (multiple-adjusted RRR 1.19 [95% CI 1.08–1.30]; P CONCLUSIONS Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at ∼60% greater risk for the development of dementia compared with those without diabetes. For vascular dementia, but not for nonvascular dementia, the additional risk is greater in women.read more
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission.
Gill Livingston,Gill Livingston,Jonathan Huntley,Andrew Sommerlad,Andrew Sommerlad,David Ames,Clive Ballard,Sube Banerjee,Carol Brayne,Alistair Burns,Jiska Cohen-Mansfield,Claudia Cooper,Sergi G. Costafreda,Amit Dias,Nick C. Fox,Laura N. Gitlin,Robert Howard,Helen C. Kales,Mika Kivimäki,Eric B. Larson,Adesola Ogunniyi,Vasiliki Orgeta,Karen Ritchie,Kenneth Rockwood,Elizabeth L Sampson,Quincy M. Samus,Lon S. Schneider,Geir Selbæk,Linda Teri,Naaheed Mukadam +29 more
TL;DR: Author(s): Livingston, Gill; Huntley, Jonathan; Sommerlad, Andrew ; Sommer Glad, Andrew; Ames, David; Ballard, Clive; Banerjee, Sube; Brayne, Carol; Burns, Alistair; Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska; Cooper, Claudia; Costafreda, Sergi G; Dias, Amit; Fox, Nick; Gitlin, Laura N; Howard, Robert; Kales, Helen C;
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Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Steven E. Arnold,Zoe Arvanitakis,Shannon L. Macauley-Rambach,Aaron M. Koenig,Hoau Yan Wang,Rexford S. Ahima,Suzanne Craft,Sam Gandy,Christoph Buettner,Luke E. Stoeckel,David M. Holtzman,David M. Nathan +11 more
TL;DR: Key observations and experimental data on insulin signalling in the brain are reviewed and the concept of 'brain insulin resistance' is defined and the growing, although still inconsistent, literature concerning cognitive impairment and neuropathological abnormalities in T2DM, obesity and insulin resistance is reviewed.
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Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications.
Geert Jan Biessels,Florin Despa +1 more
TL;DR: The evolving insights from studies on risk factors, brain imaging and neuropathology are reviewed, which provide important clues on mechanisms of both the subtle cognitive decrements and the more severe stages of cognitive dysfunction.
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Metabolic Control of Longevity
TL;DR: The introduction of strategies that promote metabolic fitness may extend healthspan in humans as several metabolic alterations accumulate over time along with a reduction in biological fitness, suggesting the existence of a "metabolic clock" that controls aging.
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Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias
TL;DR: Considering sex as a biological variable in dementia research promises to advance the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions.
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