Vascularization of the Pancreas: An Evolving Role From Embryogenesis to Adulthood
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TLDR
It is found that blood vessels can have a restrictive role on pancreas development at later stages, and this controversial effect of blood vessels at different time points of development is clarified.Abstract:
In most organs, blood vessels provide a continuous supply of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. In the case of pancreas, such environmental signals are crucial for both the development and the function of the tissue (1). Other evidence supports the fact that paracrine signals participate in this process. Based on the existence of such signals, blood vessels are intuitively supportive for organ growth. One illustration of such positive signal is that, at early stages of development, the vascular endothelium is an inductive signal for insulin expression in the endoderm (2). However, recent findings revisited this concept and demonstrated that the previously described positive role of blood vessels is not general. Magenheim et al. (3) found, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, that blood vessels can have a restrictive role on pancreas development at later stages. Because of this controversial effect of blood vessels at different time points of development, more investigations have been necessary to clarify the precise effect of vascularization. The pathological impact of such discoveries is important as blood vessels have been shown to be key elements in diabetes (4) and pancreatic cancer (5).
During the last decade, a number of works have shed light on the role of vascular paracrine factors on pancreas development. This includes sphingolipid sphinsosine-1 …read more
Citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that human SC islets reaggregated from cryopreserved cells display glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and conformal coating permitting physiological insulin secretion, which provide support for further evaluation of safety and efficacy of conformal-coated SC islet transplantation in larger species.
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Patent
Methods and compositions for culturing endoderm progenitor cells in suspension
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TL;DR: In this article, methods for the in vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which have been expanded and/or maintained under defined conditions, into endodermal precursor cells (EPCs) that are capable of producing mono- hormonal beta cells are presented.
References
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Tumor Angiogenesis: Therapeutic Implications
TL;DR: This new capillary growth is even more vigorous and continuous than a similar outgrowth of capillary sprouts observed in 2016 and is likely to be accompanied by neovascularization.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Role of VEGF-A in Vascularization of Pancreatic Islets
Eckhard Lammert,Guqiang Gu,Margaret McLaughlin,Dennis Brown,Rolf A. Brekken,Lewis C. Murtaugh,Hans-Peter Gerber,Napoleone Ferrara,Douglas A. Melton +8 more
TL;DR: By deleting VEGF-A in the mouse pancreas, it is shown that endocrine cells signal back to the adjacent endothelial cells to induce the formation of a dense network of fenestrated capillaries in islets, suggesting that islet formation takes place in two sequential steps.
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