Velocity characteristics of evaporated plasma using hinode/euv imaging spectrometer
Ryan O. Milligan,Brian R. Dennis +1 more
TLDR
In this article, a detailed study of chromospheric evaporation using the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode in conjunction with hard X-ray (HXR) observations from Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) was presented.Abstract:
This paper presents a detailed study of chromospheric evaporation using the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode in conjunction with hard X-ray (HXR) observations from Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The advanced capabilities of EIS were used to measure Doppler shifts in 15 emission lines covering the temperature range T = 0.05-16 MK during the impulsive phase of a C-class flare on 2007 December 14. Blueshifts indicative of the evaporated material were observed in six emission lines from Fe XIV-XXIV (2-16 MK). Upflow velocity (v up) was found to scale with temperature as v up (km s–1) ≈ 8-18T(MK). Although the hottest emission lines, Fe XXIII and Fe XXIV, exhibited upflows of >200 km s–1, their line profiles were found to be dominated by a stationary component in contrast to the predictions of the standard flare model. Emission from O VI-Fe XIII lines (0.5-1.5 MK) was found to be redshifted by v down (km s–1) ≈ 60-17T (MK) and was interpreted as the downward-moving "plug" characteristic of explosive evaporation. These downflows occur at temperatures significantly higher than previously expected. Both upflows and downflows were spatially and temporally correlated with HXR emission observed by RHESSI that provided the properties of the electron beam deemed to be the driver of the evaporation. The energy flux of the electron beam was found to be 5 × 1010 erg cm–2 s–1, consistent with the value required to drive explosive chromospheric evaporation from hydrodynamic simulations.read more
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The Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (Rhessi)
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TL;DR: RHESSI as discussed by the authors is a Principal Investigator (PI) mission, where the PI is responsible for all aspects of the mission except the launch vehicle, and is designed to investigate particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares, through imaging and spectroscopy of hard X-ray/gamma-ray continua emitted by energetic electrons, and of gamma-ray lines produced by energetic ions.
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The EUV Imaging Spectrometer for Hinode
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TL;DR: The EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) as mentioned in this paper is a two-element, normal incidence design with a backside-illuminated, thinned CCD, which has a significantly greater effective area than previous orbiting EUV spectrographs with typical active region 2 -5 s exposure times in the brightest lines.
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