Showing papers on "Bioaccumulation published in 2012"
TL;DR: Most of the studies on arsenic biotransformation, speciation, and trophic transfer have focused on marine environments; little is known about these processes in freshwater systems.
301 citations
TL;DR: Metal concentrations had no significant difference between fish species but tended to be higher in predator fish such as Coilia ectenes and Erythroculter ilishaeformis than in herbivorous fish.
295 citations
TL;DR: Although some metals concentrations exceed the limits set by the European regulation, the estimated weekly intake was below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake established by theEuropean Food and Safety Authority, and the Target Hazard Quotient values indicate that there is no carcinogenic risk for humans.
Abstract: Cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium concentrations in fish muscle tissue taken from various Sicilian areas were detected. Fish caught in Siracusa, nearby a petrochemical industrial area, were more contaminated by cadmium, lead and chromium (respectively 0.366, 0.32, 0.72 μg/g) than those from the other sites. In the Sicily Channel, we found the highest bioaccumulation of mercury (0.31 μg/g). Although some metals concentrations exceed the limits set by the European regulation, the estimated weekly intake was below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake established by the European Food and Safety Authority, and the Target Hazard Quotient values indicate that there is no carcinogenic risk for humans.
232 citations
TL;DR: Metal levels in legs of crabs, and heads and skins of fishes showed significant correlations with those in their living environments, and Collichthys lucidus is an effective bioindicator for assessing metal levels in water.
225 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones (FQs), nine sulfonamides (SAs) and five macrolides (MLs), in the Haihe River were investigated and sediments are an important reservoir for FQs as they are strongly adsorbed onto sediments.
Abstract: The occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones (FQs), nine sulfonamides (SAs) and five macrolides (MLs), in the Haihe River were investigated. Surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were found in all surface water samples. SAs were the predominant antibiotics in surface water samples in the mainstream of Haihe River, with the maximum concentration of 201 ng L−1 for sulfamethoxazole. Compared with Haihe River, higher concentrations of antibiotics were found in the surface water samples in the Dagu and Chentaizi Drainage Rivers. The antibiotics pollution in the mainstream of Haihe River may derive from its tributaries, whereas the wastewater from fish ponds was not the main source of FQs, SAs and MLs in the river water. In sediment samples, FQs were the most frequently detected antibiotics and their concentrations were much higher than SAs and MLs. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of FQs in sediments indicate that sediments are an important reservoir for FQs as they are strongly adsorbed onto sediments. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin exhibited potential bioaccumulation in crucian carp, with mean bioaccumulation factors of 3262 L kg−1 and 4492 L kg−1, respectively.
191 citations
TL;DR: The obtained results showed that the mostly advantageous process of metal ions binding is biosorption and the biomass of C. reinhardtii is suitable for the development of an efficient and economic biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments.
138 citations
01 Jan 2012
134 citations
TL;DR: Soybeans grown nearby to anthropic emission sources might represent a toxicological hazard for human consumption in a potential Chinese consumer and further studies should be carried out taking into account the potential negative health effects from the consumption of soybeans (direct or indirect through consumption of meat from cattle) in these conditions.
133 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of bioaccumulation and degradation of Prometryne in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga, along with its adaptive response to prometryne toxicity suggests that the green algae is useful in bioremediation of prometryn-contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
125 citations
TL;DR: It was found that R. communis appeared more tolerant and capable to clean Cd contaminated soil for longer period in one sowing than B. juncea and the former can grow in wasteland soil also in which later cannot be cultivated.
Abstract: The effect of increasing level of cadmium in soil was investigated on biomass production, antioxidants, Cd bioaccumulation and translocation in Ricinus communis vis-a-vis a commonly studied oil crop Brassica juncea. The plants were exposed to 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 mg Cd/Kg soil for up to 60 days. It was found that R. communis produced higher biomass at all the contamination levels than that of B. juncea. Proline and malondialdehyde in the leaves increased with increase in Cd level in both the species, whereas soluble protein decreased. The bioaccumulation of Cd was higher in B. juncea on the basis of the per unit biomass, total metal accumulation per plant was higher in R. communis. The translocation of Cd from roots to shoot was also higher in B. juncea at all Cd concentrations. R. communis appeared more tolerant and capable to clean Cd contaminated soil for longer period in one sowing than B. juncea and the former can grow in wasteland soil also in which later cannot be cultivated.
123 citations
TL;DR: This study highlights the potential role of marine suspension feeders in biotransformation of ENPs and exposes suspension-feeding mussels to two common nano-metal oxides, CeO(2) and ZnO, over a range of concentrations in a laboratory experiment.
TL;DR: The calculated BAFs forDBDPE indicated that this compound can significantly accumulate in fish, which can partly attributed to the absence of debromination of DBDPE in fish.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the simultaneous removal of hazardous metals from industrial effluents can be accomplished using A. lentulus, which has a remarkable tolerance against Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni.
01 Jul 2012
TL;DR: An important role of habitat and/or feeding zone is suggested, which strongly influence muscle Hg bioaccumulation by deep-sea fauna in the Bay of Biscay, which highlights a potential risk for human health whenDeep-sea fish are consumed frequently.
Abstract: The Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic) is an open marine ecosystem of particular concern in current European environmental policies. Indeed, it supports both a high biological diversity and numerous anthropogenic activities such as important fisheries. For the first time, stable isotope analyses (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen and analysis of total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations in the muscle (edible flesh) were performed on adult stages of a wide range of species (i.e., 120 species) from various taxa and various habitats of this ecosystem. Concentrations of this non-essential metal, toxic to all living organisms, ranged from 39 to 5074 ng g−1 dry weight. Calculations of species' trophic positions (TPs) through SIA revealed a limited effect of TP in explaining Hg bioaccumulation by high trophic level consumers in particular. On the contrary, our results suggest an important role of habitat and/or feeding zone, which strongly influence muscle Hg bioaccumulation. Deep-sea fish species effectively presented the highest Hg concentrations. Possible interactions between biological factors (e.g., age of deep-sea organisms) and bioavailability of the metal in the deep-sea environment are discussed to explain such enhanced bioaccumulation of Hg by deep-sea fauna in the Bay of Biscay. This study also highlights a potential risk for human health when deep-sea fish are consumed frequently.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of biological methods to remove and detoxify toxic heavy metals and metalloids from polluted water and sediments is presented, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, oxidation/reduction, leaching, precipitation, volatilization, degradation, and phytoremediation.
Abstract: The authors review presently available or potential biological methods to remove and detoxify toxic heavy metals and metalloids from polluted water and sediments (i.e., biosorption, bioaccumulation, oxidation/reduction, leaching, precipitation, volatilization, degradation, and phytoremediation). In addition, they describe the options for the recovery of metals sequestered by biosorbents (use of appropriate desorbing agents) and microbial and plant biomass (leaching by means of chemical reagents or biological processes, and thermal treatment in controlled systems).
TL;DR: In this paper, the distributions of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in water, sediment, and six fish species ( Barbus grypus, Barbus luteus, Barbus sharpeyi, Cyprinus carpio, Liza abu, and Silurius trisostegus ) in the most important and largest wetland in southwest, Iran were determined
TL;DR: Sediment POP loadings and tissue concentrations were poorly correlated, indicating that a simple linear or non-linear relationship is insufficient to describe this relationship, possible caused by the complexity of the bioaccumulation processes and the variability in exposure.
TL;DR: A significant positive linear relationship was found between S CCP concentrations and lipid content of the mollusks, whereas the lipid-normalized SCCP concentrations were negatively linear-related to the trophic levels (TL), which implied that SCCPs did not show biomagnification in mollUSks in this region.
Abstract: As an extremely complex group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) candidates in the Stockholm Convention, short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have been of extensive concern in recent years. In this study, nine bivalve and two gastropod species were collected in 2009 to evaluate the spatial distributions and potential factors influencing the bioaccumulation of SCCPs in mollusks in the Chinese Bohai Sea. The concentrations of ∑ SCCPs in the mollusks were in the range 64.9–5510 ng/g (dry weight) with an average chlorine content of 61.1%. C10 and C11 were the predominant homologue groups of SCCPs, which accounted for about 29.7% and 34.9% of ∑ SCCPs, respectively. Six and seven chlorinated substituents were the main congener groups. Mya arenaria (Mya), Mactra veneriformis (Mac), and Crassostrea talienwhanensis (Oyster, Ost) had higher average concentrations of SCCPs than other species, implying that these bivalves could be used as sentinels to indicate SCCPs contamination in this coastal region. A s...
TL;DR: In this article, a study has been carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, lead, tin and zinc) in fish samples collected from former tin mining catchment.
Abstract: This study has been carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (arsenic, copper,
lead, tin and zinc) in fish samples collected from former tin mining catchment. Total eight types of fish family having fifteen different species are identified. Cyperinidae is the most abundant family with eight different species found in the catchment. Fish samples were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer ICP-OES. The accuracy of method is validated by certified reference material. The highest level of arsenic was observed in Hampala macrolepidota while Osteochilus hasselti shows the least. For Copper concentrations, the maximum was obtained in Mastacembelus armatus and the minimum in Oxyeleotris marmorata. High levels of lead, tin and zinc were found in the Rasbora elegans, Trichogaster trichopterus, Oxyeleotris marmorata respectively while Macrobrachium resenbergii,Mastacembelus armatus,
Rasbora elegans had the least concentrations. The sequence of order of the heavy metals measured was Sn > Pb >Zn > Cu> As, respectively. The results showed elevated levels of tin, led and zinc in all the fish samples although copper and arsenic were available in relatively low concentration in the most samples. Sn, Pb, and Zn concentration in the samples were greater than Malaysia food act permissible levels. Hazard index 1 suggests the probability of adverse health effects. Although the
heavy metals anal ysed in the catchment did not pose any immediate health risk to humans but due to thebioaccumulation and magnification of these heavy metals in humans, it is essential to safeguard levels of the metals in the environment.
TL;DR: Biotransformation dominated toxicokinetics and strongly affected internal concentrations of parent compounds and metabolites and many metabolites reached higher internal concentrations than their parents, characterized by large metabolite enrichment factors.
Abstract: Bioaccumulation and biotransformation are key tox- icokinetic processes that modify toxicity of chemicals and sensitivity of organisms. Bioaccumulation kinetics vary greatly among organisms and chemicals; thus, we investigated the influence of biotransforma- tion kinetics on bioaccumulation in a model aquatic invertebrate using fifteen 14 C-labeled organic xenobiotics from diverse chemical classes and physicochemical properties (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, imidacloprid, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, ethylacrylate, malathion, chlorpyrifos, aldicarb, carbofuran, carbaryl, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, penta- chlorophenol, 4-nitrobenzyl-chloride, 2,4-dichloroaniline, and sea-nine (4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-3-isothiazolone)). We detected and identified metabolites using HPLC with UV and radio-detection as well as high resolution mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap). Kinetics of uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of parent compounds and metabolites were modeled with a first-order one-compartment model. Bioaccumulation factors were calculated for parent compounds and metabolite enrichment factors for metabolites. Out of 19 detected metabolites, we identified seven by standards or accurate mass measurements and two via pathway analysis and analogies to other compounds. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, imidacloprid, and 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol were not biotransformed. Dietary uptake contributed little to overall uptake. Differentiation between parent and metabolites increased accuracy of bioaccumulation parameters compared to total 14 C measurements. Biotransformation dominated toxicokinetics and strongly affected internal concentrations of parent compounds and metabolites. Many metabolites reached higher internal concentrations than their parents, characterized by large metabolite enrichment factors.
TL;DR: The bioconcentration of selected PPCPs was studied in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the uptake of UV filter was rapid in mussels, followed by elimination within 24 h.
Abstract: Bioaccumulation is essential for gaining insight into the impact of exposure to organic micropollutants in aquatic fauna. Data are currently available on the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants, but there is very little documentation on the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The bioconcentration of selected PPCPs was studied in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The selected PPCPs were two organic UV filters, i.e., 2-ethylhexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OC), and two benzodiazepines (BZP), i.e., diazepam (DZP) and tetrazepam (TZP). Laboratory experiments were performed in which M. galloprovincialis was exposed to these compounds either directly from water, for the less lipophilic substances (BZP) or via spiked food for lipophilic UV filters. M. galloprovincialis uptook and eliminated BZP following first-order kinetics. The biological half-life (t
1/2) of TZP was 1.4 days, resulting in a bioconcentration factor of 64 and 99 mL g−1 dry weight (dw), respectively, for 2.3 and 14.5 μg L−1 of exposure, while the biological half-life (t
1/2) of DZP was 0.4 days, resulting in a bioconcentration factor of 51 mL g−1 dw for 13.2 μg L−1 of exposure. The uptake of UV filter was rapid in mussels, followed by elimination within 24 h. EHMC increased from 15 to 138 ng g−1 dw in 1 h and decreased to 25 ng g−1 after 24 h for 11.9 μg L−1 exposure. OC reached 839 ng g-1 dw after 1 h and decreased to 33 ng g-1 after 24 h for 11.6 μg L-1 exposure. However, EHMC and OC were slightly accumulated in 48 h, i.e., 38 and 60 ng g−1 dw, respectively.
TL;DR: The results indicate the potential of passive samplers to predict PAH bioaccumulation, yet call for comparative studies between passive Samplers and further research on plant bioavailability.
Abstract: A number of extraction methods have been developed to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability in soils. As these methods are rarely tested in a comparative manner, against different test organisms, and using field-contaminated soils, it is unclear which method gives the most accurate measure of the actual soil ecosystem exposure. In this study, PAH bioavailability was assessed in ten field-contaminated soils by using exhaustive acetone/hexane extractions, mild solvent (butanol) extractions, cyclodextrin extractions, and two passive sampling methods; solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and polyoxymethylene solid phase extraction (POM-SPE). Results were compared to actual PAH bioaccumulation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) roots. Exhaustive, mild solvent and cyclodextrin extractions consistently overpredicted biotic concentrations by a factor of 10–10 000 and therefore seem inappropriate for predicting PAH bioaccumulation in field contaminated soils. In...
TL;DR: In this paper, the levels of heavy metals in the gills, liver, stomach, kidney, bones and flesh of four fish species (Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Oreochronmis niloticus) collected at River Benue in Vinikilang, Adamawa State, Nigeria for analysis of Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb.
Abstract: This study was aim to determined the levels of some heavy metals in the gills, liver, stomach, kidney, bones and flesh of four fish species (Tilapia zilli, Clarias anguillaris, Synodentis budgetti and Oreochronmis niloticus) collected at River Benue in Vinikilang, Adamawa State, Nigeria for analysis of Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb. These metals were chosen because at higher concentrations there might be toxic to the fish and by extension humans that depends on such fish as food. The concentrations of the metals were carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Unicam 969). Large differences in trace metal concentrations were observed between different tissues within each fish. The highest concentration of Fe (12.65 μg/g) was recorded in gill of Synodentis budgetti, while the lowest value of 0.68 μg/g was recorded in the flesh of Oreochronmis niloticus. The liver of Synodentis budgetti accumulates significant higher levels of Mn and Cd than other species; Fe and Zn was highest in the stomach of Tilapia zilli, while Clarias angullaris shows more of Cr, Pb, Cd and Co. The stomach of Synodentis budgetti accumulate significant higher levels of Fe than other species; Zn was highest in the stomach of Tilapia zilli, while Clarias angullaris shows more of Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb. Similarly, the bone of Synodentis budgettiaccumulates significant higher levels of Mn and Cd than other species; Zn and Fe were highest in the bone of Tilapia zilli, while Clarias angullaris shows more of Cr, Pb, Ni, and Co. The highest levels of Fe (12.65 μg/g) observed in this study was recorded in the gill of Synodentis budgetti and it was below the high residue concentrations of Fe (34 - 107 ppm) in fish samples. Based on the above results, it can therefore be concluded that metals bioaccumulation in the entire fish species study did not exceeds the permissible limits set for heavy metals by FAO, FEPA and WHO.
TL;DR: Three main reasons are identified to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation in Baihua Reservoir: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.
TL;DR: Overall, TMFs provide valuable information regarding bioaccumulation potential and should be incorporated into regulatory decision making following the suggestions outlined in this article.
Abstract: Recent technical workgroups have concluded that trophic magnification factors (TMFs) are useful in characterizing the bioaccumulation potential of a chemical, because TMFs provide a holistic measure of biomagnification in food webs. The objectives of this article are to provide a critical analysis of the application of TMFs for regulatory screening for bioaccumulation potential, and to discuss alternative methods for supplementing TMFs and assessing biomagnification in cases where insufficient data are available to determine TMFs. The general scientific consensus is that chemicals are considered bioaccumulative if they exhibit a TMF > 1. However, comparison of study-derived TMF estimates to this threshold value should be based on statistical analyses such that variability is quantified and false positive and false negative errors in classification of bioaccumulation potential are minimized. An example regulatory decision-making framework is presented to illustrate the use of statistical power analyses to minimize assessment errors. Suggestions for considering TMF study designs and TMFs obtained from multiple studies are also provided. Alternative bioaccumulation metrics are reviewed for augmenting TMFs and for substituting in situations in which field data for deriving TMFs are unavailable. Field-derived, trophic level-normalized biomagnification factors (BMFTLs), biota–sediment accumulation factors (BSAFTLs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFTLs) are recommended if data are available, because these measures are most closely related to the biomagnification processes characterized by TMFs. Field- and laboratory-derived BAFs and bioconcentration factors are generally less accurate in predicting biomagnification. However, bioconcentration factors and BAFs remain useful for characterizing bioaccumulation as a result of the transfer of chemicals from abiotic environmental compartments to lower trophic levels. Modeling that incorporates available laboratory and field data should also be considered for augmenting assessments of bioaccumulation potential. Modeling can provide a TMF-focused assessment for new or unreleased chemicals in the absence of field data by estimating TMF values and theoretical relationships between physical-chemical properties and TMF values (quantitative structure–activity relationships). An illustration of the use of physicochemical properties for estimating TMFs is provided. Overall, TMFs provide valuable information regarding bioaccumulation potential and should be incorporated into regulatory decision making following the suggestions outlined in this article. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:?–?. © 2011 SETAC
TL;DR: Molecular indices based on isomeric PAHs ratios characterize the pollution sources and show that most of the contaminations in sediment originate from pyrolytic inputs.
TL;DR: It was found that the effect depended on not only the variety and initial concentration of co-existing ions, but also theInitial concentration of target metal and biomass dosage, and a new parameter, the ratio of remaining bioaccumulation capacity (RRBC) of biomass, was defined to evaluate such effect.
TL;DR: Bioconcentration factors for carbamazepine, a human anticonvulsant that modulates Na+ channels, were determined using laboratory experiments with Pimephales notatus and Ictalurus punctatus to suggest that the fish laboratory BCF and field derived BCF/BAF values are similar and much lower than the European Union regulatory threshold of 2000 for designation of a "B" substance.
TL;DR: The study showed that zebrafish could biotransform γ-HBCD to α- HBCD, and calculated assimilation efficiencies, biomagnification factors, and half-lives of α-H BCD were the highest among the three diastereoisomers.
Abstract: In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to two dietary concentrations of individual HBCD diastereoisomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD) for 42 days, followed by clean food for 21 days, to examine bioaccumulation, depuration, and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of HBCD diastereoisomers and to test the bioisomerization of HBCDs in fish. The depuration of α-, β-, and γ-HBCD in zebrafish followed the first-order process. Bioaccumulation parameters of the three diastereoisomers differed between low and high dose, suggesting that the bioaccumulation of them is concentration dependent. Calculated assimilation efficiencies (AEs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and half-lives (t(1/2)) of α-HBCD were the highest among the three diastereoisomers. Furthermore, the study showed that zebrafish could biotransform γ-HBCD to α-HBCD. The highest AE, BMF, and t(1/2) of α-HBCD and bioisomerization of γ-HBCD to α-HBCD could explain why α-HBCD appears to be dominant in biota samples. The EFs for α- and γ-HBCD in zebrafish estimated at different times of bioaccumulation and depuration were all significantly greater than those in corresponding food (P < 0.05), indicating selective enrichment of (+) α-enantiomer and (+) γ-enantiomer relative to (-) α-enantiomer and (-) γ-enantiomer, respectively.
TL;DR: Although ENMs resuspended from soil onto plant surfaces by wind, water, biota, and/or mechanical disturbances are bioavailable to terrestrial consumers, bioaccumulation efficiency may be much lower via this pathway than through direct trophic exposure.
Abstract: We investigated the potential for bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars resulting from the ingestion of plant tissue surface contaminated with ENMs. Caterpillars were fed tomato leaf tissue that had been surface contaminated with 12 nm tannate coated Au ENMs. After dosing was complete, bulk Au concentrations in individual caterpillars were measured after 0, 1, 4, and 7 days of elimination. Growth, mortality, and ingestion rate were monitored. This experiment revealed (1) no evidence that caterpillars were affected by ingestion of ENM contaminated plant tissue; (2) low bioaccumulation factors (BAF = 0.16) compared to a previous study where hornworm caterpillars were fed plants that had previously bioaccumulated Au ENMs (BAF = 6.2–11.6); (3) inefficient elimination of accumulated Au ENMs not associated with hornworm gut contents; and (4) regional differences in translocation of Au ENMs into tissues surrounding the hornworm gut, possibly the resul...