Showing papers on "DNA clamp published in 1978"
TL;DR: Evidence is reported that prevention of cell division by aphidicolin in sea urchin embryos is due to selective inhibition of DNA polymerase-α activity, which implies a functional role for this polymerase activity during replication of DNA.
Abstract: THE study of the control of DNA synthesis would be helped if a variety of chemicals which influenced DNA synthesis in various ways was available. We have searched for chemicals which prevent mitotic division of sea urchin embryos, which requires DNA synthesis, but do not prevent meiotic divisions of starfish oocytes, which are independent of DNA synthesis1. Aphidicolin2 (I) is one such compound. Furthermore, recent experiments have shown that aphidicolin selectively inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase-α obtained from regenerating rat liver without interfering with the activity of DNA polymerase-β and mitochondrial DNA polymerase3. The function of the DNA polymerases in the complex process of DNA replication is not known. Correlative studies of DNA synthesis and the level of DNA polymerase activity suggest that DNA polymerase-α may be important in DNA replication4. However, in certain cases, DNA polymerase-β and -γ also increase at the time of DNA synthesis, and attempts to specify which of the DNA polymerases is ‘replicative’ or to assign roles to the various polymerases have not yet been successful4. We report here evidence that prevention of cell division by aphidicolin in sea urchin embryos is due to selective inhibition of DNA polymerase-α activity. This study implies a functional role for this polymerase activity during replication of DNA.
856 citations
TL;DR: Three major species of viral DNA have been observed in cells infected by retroviruses: a linear, double-stranded copy of a subunit of viral RNA; closed circular DNA; and proviral DNA inserted covalently into the genome of the host cell.
347 citations
TL;DR: The Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I reaction is characterized and optimized for a high yield of full length second strands under conditions which require only a small amount of mRNA.
295 citations
TL;DR: The sequence of the 6,408 nucleotides of bacteriophage fd DNA has been determined and this allows to deduce the exact organisation of the filamentous phage genome and provides easy access to DNA segments of known structure and function.
Abstract: The sequence of the 6,408 nucleotides of bacteriophage fd DNA has been determined. This allows to deduce the exact organisation of the filamentous phage genome and provides easy access to DNA segments of known structure and function.
282 citations
TL;DR: Investigating the sites of DNA damage by the antitumor antibiotics neocarzinostatin and bleomycin by using a 5'-end-labeled DNA fragment of defined sequence as a substrate finds that both antibiotics make double-strand breaks in DNA at specific sites and it is likely that these result from two independent single- Strand breaks at nearby sites on opposite strands of the DNA.
Abstract: We have investigated the sites of DNA damage by the antitumor antibiotics neocarzinostatin and bleomycin by using a 5'-end-labeled DNA fragment of defined sequence as a substrate. At the high drug concentrations used here, neocarzinostatin creates single-strand breaks in DNA at positions of adenine and thymine in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, and bleomycin cleaves DNA at GC and GT sequences and to a lesser extent at TA sequences with its degradative activity enhanced by 2-mercaptoethanol. In the presence of ferrous ions, bleomycin cleaves DNA at TT, AT, and TA, as well as at GC and GT sequences. Both antibiotics make double-strand breaks in DNA at specific sites and it is likely that these result from two independent single-strand breaks at nearby sites on opposite strands of the DNA.
264 citations
TL;DR: The sharp specificity of the dnaG protein in choice of template and the utilization of either deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleoside triphosphates to produce a hybrid piece only a few residues long suggests that the dnG protein previously named RNA polymerase by renamed primase is being replaced by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.
232 citations
TL;DR: A model in which negative supercoiling of DNA is achieved by ATP-modulated repetitive wrapping of the DNA around gyrase is described and suggests a plausible mode of action by which translocation of a DNA along its helix axis can be actively driven by an ATPase.
Abstract: Two active components alpha and beta of micrococcus luteus DNA gyrase, of peptide weights of 115,000 and 97,000, respectively, have been purified. Each individual component exhibits little DNA gyrase activity; the ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of a covalently closed circular DNA duplex is catalyzed by a combination of the two. Covalent closure by Escherichia coli ligase of a circular DNA containing single-chain scissions, when carried out in the presence of a combination of the DNA gyrase components alpha and beta, gives a positively supercoiled DNA upon removal of the bound protein molecules. ATP was not present during the ligase treatment; therefore the positive supercoiling of DNA observed is a result of the binding of gyrase molecules, presumably as multi-subunit oligomers, during the ligation step. This is in contrast to the negative supercoiling of DNA catalyzed by gyrase in the presence of ATP. A model in which negative supercoiling of DNA is achieved by ATP-modulated repetitive wrapping of the DNA around gyrase is described. The model also suggests a plausible mode of action by which translocation of a DNA along its helix axis can be actively driven by an ATPase.
184 citations
TL;DR: It appears that virtually all of the DNA synthesis observed in SV40 chromosomes replicating in vitro is performed by DNA polymerase (Y), which was nearly as resistant to inhibition by d,TTP as were the in vitro DNA replication systems.
183 citations
TL;DR: Results support the notion that in the DNA-gyrase complex, a segment(s) of the DNA helix is wrapped around the enzyme in the complex, and it is observed that digestion of pure double-stranded DNA by pancreatic DNAase I in the presence of calcium phosphate precipitate or solid hydroxylapatite gives a ladder of single-Stranded DNA fragments of integral multiples of 10 nucleotides.
175 citations
TL;DR: A 32,000-dalton nucleic acid-binding protein (p32), possessing DNA endonuclease activity, has been identified in avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and Rous sarcoma virus (Prague B strain) cores.
173 citations
TL;DR: The interactions of polymerase with ss DNA are, in general, stronger than the nonspecific interations of the enzyme with ds DNA, and the possibility of a modulating role of ion concentrations in the control of transcription is suggested.
Abstract: We have investigated the nonspecific interactions of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase core and holoenzyme with double-stranded (ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA. Binding constants for these interactions as functions of such solution variables as monovalent and/or divalent cation concentration, temperature, or pH were determined by the method of deHaseth et a. [deHaseth, P.L., Gross, C.A., Burgess, R.R. and Record, M.T. (1977), Biochemistry 16, 4777--4783] from analysis of the elution of the proteins from small columns containing immobilized DNA. This technique, although as yet empirical, has been demonstrated to yield accurate binding constants fot the nonspecific interation of lac repressor with ds DNA. We find that observed binding constants (Kobsd) are extraordinarily sensitive functions of the monovalent cation concentration for the interactions of both core and holoenzyme with ds DNA. In the absence of divalent cations, the derivatives --(d log Kobsd/d log [Na+]) are 11 +/- 2 for the holo--ds DNA interaction and 21 +/- 3 for the core--ds DNA interaction. Consequently, approximately 11 and 21 low-molecular-weight ions are released, iin the thermodynamic sense, in the formation of the holo--ds and core--ds complexes, respectively (Record, M.T., Jr., Lohman, T.M., and deHaseth, P.L. (1976), J. Mol. Biol. 107, 145--158; Record, M.T., Jr., Anderson, C.F., and Lohman, T.M. (1978), Q. Rev. Biophys., in press). Ion release is a thermodynamic driving force for these nonspecific interactions and causes the stability of the complexes to increase very substantially with a reduction in monovalent ion concnetration. Possible molecular models which account for the different salt sensitivities of the holo--ds and core--ds complexes are discussed. Effects of the competitive ligand Mg2+ on these interactions are also examined. Substantial ion release (approximately 18 monovalent ions) also accompanies the interaction of either holo or core polymerase with ss DNA. Over the range of ion concentrations investigated the holo--ss interaction is substantially stronger than the core--ss interaction; furthermore, we conclude that the interactions of polymerase with ss DNA are, in general, stronger than the nonspecific interations of the enzyme with ds DNA. It is likely that the nonspecific interactions of RNA polymerase with DNA have physiological relevance. Not only is it plausible to assume that the same regions of the protein are involved in both specific and nonspecific interactions, but in addition nonspecific interactions of RNA polymerase and DNA may play role in determining the availability of this protein, in both the thermodynamic and the kinetic sense, for promoter binding and RNA chain initiation [von Hippel. P.H., Revzin, A., Gross, C.A., and Wang, A.C. (1974), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 71, 4808--4812]. Consequently, the strong dependences of the nonspecific interactions of RNA polymerase on ionic conditions suggest the possibility of a modulating role of ion concentrations in the control of transcription.
TL;DR: This finding suggests that an inactive protein p3 bound to the DNA of the ts 3 mutant is not replaced by a functional protein and, as a consequence, replication of the Ts 3 DNA does not occur.
TL;DR: It is suggested that UV mutagenesis in bacteria requires an induced modification of the cellular DNA replication machinery, possibly an inhibition of the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity associated with DNA polymerases.
Abstract: The effect of UV irradiation on the extent and fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro was studied by using homopolymers and primed single-stranded ϕX174 phage DNA as substrates. Unfractionated and fractionated cell-free extracts from Escherichia coli pol+ and polA1 mutants as well as purified DNA polymerase I were used as sources of enzymatic activity. (DNA polymerases, as used here, refer to deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7.) The extent of inhibition of DNA synthesis on UV-irradiated ϕX174 DNA suggested that pyrimidine dimers act as an absolute block for chain elongation by DNA polymerases I and III. Experiments with an irradiated poly(dC) template failed to detect incorporation of noncomplementary bases due to pyrimidine dimers. A large increase in the turnover of nucleoside triphosphates to free monophosphates during synthesis by DNA polymerase I on irradiated ϕX174 DNA has been observed. We propose that this nucleotide turnover is due to idling by DNA polymerase (i.e., incorporation and subsequent excision of nucleotides opposite UV photolesions, by the 3′→5′ “proofreading” exonuclease) thus preventing replication past pyrimidine dimers and the potentially mutagenic event that should result. In support of this hypothesis, DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus and by mammalian DNA polymerase α, both of which are devoid of any exonuclease activity, was found to be only partially inhibited, but not blocked, by UV irradiation of the template and accompanied by an increased incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides. It is suggested that UV mutagenesis in bacteria requires an induced modification of the cellular DNA replication machinery, possibly an inhibition of the 3′→5′ exonuclease activity associated with DNA polymerases.
TL;DR: The error frequency of in vitro DNA synthesis using a natural DNA template has been measured with a biological assay for nucleotide substitutions and it is shown that E. coli DNA polymerase I can copy natural DNA templates with high fidelity and its accuracy can be affected by alterations in reaction conditions.
Abstract: The error frequency of in vitro DNA synthesis using a natural DNA template has been measured with a biological assay for nucleotide substitutions. phiX174 DNA containing an amber mutation was copied in vitro by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, and the reversion frequency of the progeny DNA was determined by transfection of E. coli spheroplasts. E. coli polymerase I makes less than 1 mistake at the am3 locus for every 7700 nucleotides incorporated under standard reaction conditions. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ and unequal concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates raises this mutation frequency to greater than 1 in 1000. Thus, E. coli DNA polymerase I can copy natural DNA templates with high fidelity and its accuracy can be affected by alterations in reaction conditions.
TL;DR: Analysis of the effects of the nucleotide analogue, 2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (ddTTP) on replicative DNA synthesis in HeLa cell lysates suggests that DNA polymerase alpha may be the onlyDNA polymerase required for all aspects of cellular DNA synthesis.
Abstract: We have studied the effects of the nucleotide analogue, 2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (ddTTP) on replicative DNA synthesis in HeLa cell lysates. As previously demonstrated (1), such lysates carry out extensive DNA synthesis in vitro, at rates and in a fashion similar to in vivo DNA replication. We report here that all aspects of DNA synthesis in such lysates (total dNTP incorporation, elongation of continuous nascent strands, and the initiation, elongation, and joining of Okazaki pieces) are only slightly inhibited by concentrations of ddTTP as high as 100-500 micrometer when the dTTP concentration is maintained at 10 micrometer. This finding is consistent with the report by Edenberg, Anderson, and DePamphilis (2) that all aspects of replicative in vitro simian virus 40 DNA synthesis are also resistant to ddTTP. We also find, in agreement with Edenberg, Anderson, and DePamphilis (2), that DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases beta or gamma is easily inhibited by ddTTP, while synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase alpha is very resistant. These observations suggest that DNA polymerase alpha may be the only DNA polymerase required for all aspects of cellular DNA synthesis.
TL;DR: Comparison with previous reports shows that efficient transcription of SV40 DNA injected into oocytes occurs only under circumstances in which the nucleoprotein complex is formed, and covalently closed circular DNA was the only stable DNA form detected.
TL;DR: Pulse-chase radioactive labeling experiments using thymidine kinase-plus mouse LA9 cells have shown that the 7 S mitochondrial DNA initiation sequence of mitochondrial DNA is synthesized and turned over at a faster rate than previously determined, indicating that the extent of 7S mitochondrial DNA synthesis is most likely determined by a nucleotide sequence specific event.
TL;DR: A high-resolution map for the arrangement of histones along DNA in the nucleosome core particle has been determined by a sequencing procedure based on crossl linking histones to the 5'-terminal DNA fragments produced by scission of one DNA strand at the point of crosslinking.
Abstract: A high-resolution map for the arrangement of histones along DNA in the nucleosome core particle has been determined by a sequencing procedure based on crosslinking histones to the 5'-terminal DNA fragments produced by scission of one DNA strand at the point of crosslinking. The position of histones on DNA has been identified by measuring the length of crosslinked DNA fragments. The results demonstrate that each of the histones is arranged within several adjacent or dispersed DNA segments of a little less than 10 nucleotides in length. Histone-free intervals are located between these segments at the regular distances of about (10)n nucleotides from the 5' end of the DNA and are likely to face one side of the DNA helix. Histones appear to be arranged in a similar manner on both DNA strands and do not form "locks" around DNA. A linearized model of the core particle is proposed.
TL;DR: An RNA-polymerase-protected DNA fragment of 125 nucleotides from the origin of single-strand to double-stranded replication of bacteriophage fd (ori-DNA) was located on the physical map of the phage genome.
Abstract: An RNA-polymerase-protected DNA fragment of 125 nucleotides from the origin of single-strand to double-strand replication of bacteriophage fd (ori-DNA) was located on the physical map of the phage genome. A stretch of 187 base pairs of DNA including the ori-DNA was sequenced. This DNA segment contains regions with a highly asymmetric pyrimidine/purine distribution next to regions with 2-fold symmetry that form stable hairpin structures in the viral DNA strand.
TL;DR: An analysis of the methylated pyrimidine isostichs and a preliminary dinucleotide analysis suggest that all the CpGs in a DNA can be methylated.
Abstract: DNA methylase has been purified 660-fold from nuclei from regenerating rat liver. The enzyme is able to methylate single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA, the only reaction product being 5-methylcytosine. Previously unmethylated double stranded DNA from prokaryotes (M.luteus) as well as from eukaryotes (Ascaris suis) can serve as substrates. The synthetic copolymers (dG-dC)n . (dC-dG)n and (dG,dC)n are also methylated. While SV40 DNA is almost not methylated, PM2 DNA is a good substrate even in the supercoiled form. The enzyme methylates 1 in 17 bases in heterologous M.luteus DNA, but only 1 in 590 in homologous rat liver DNA. The high methylation level of M.luteus DNA, an analysis of the methylated pyrimidine isostichs and a preliminary dinucleotide analysis suggest that all the CpGs in a DNA can be methylated.
TL;DR: Results are consistent with the notion that the protein is linked covalently to the 5' termini of the phi29 DNA.
Abstract: The location of the protein bound to bacteriophage phi29 DNA has been studied with restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, and polynucleotide kinase. The protein is invariably associated with the two terminal DNA fragments generated by restriction endonucleases. The phi29 DNA prepared with or without proteinase K treatment is resistant to the action of the 5'-terminal-specific exonucleases, lambda-exonuclease and T7 exonuclease. The phi29 DNA is also inaccessible to phosphorylation by polynucleotide kinase even after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, phi29 DNA is sensitive to exonuclease III, and the 3' termini of the DNA can be labeled by incubating with alpha-[32P]ATP and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The protein remains associated with the phi29 DNA after treatment with various chaotropic agents, including 8 M urea, 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride, 4 M sodium perchlorate, 2 M sodium thiocyanate, and 2 M LiCl. These results are consistent with the notion that the protein is linked covalently to the 5' termini of the phi29 DNA.
TL;DR: Density-shift experiments and isopycnic analysis of DNA from cardiac muscle of the adult show that it is more fragmented thanDNA from cardiac-muscle cells that are, or have recently ceased, dividing, while DNA chains being replicated semi-conservatively in vivo continue to be elongated in isolated nuclei by exogenous DNA polymerases.
Abstract: Experiments were designed to determine whether DNA synthesis ceases in terminally differentiating cardiac muscle of the rat because the activity of the putative replicative DNA polymerase (DNA polymerase α) is lost or whether the activity of this enzyme is lost because DNA synthesis ceases. DNA-template availability and 3′-hydroxyl termini in nuclei and chromatin, isolated from cardiac muscle at various times during the developmental period in which DNA synthesis and the activity of DNA polymerase α are decreasing, were measured by using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase α under optimal conditions. Density-shift experiments with bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate and isopycnic analysis indicate that DNA chains being replicated semi-conservatively in vivo continue to be elongated in isolated nuclei by exogenous DNA polymerases. DNA template and 3′-hydroxyl termini available to exogenously added DNA polymerases do not change as cardiac muscle differentiates and the rate of DNA synthesis decreases and ceases in vivo. Template availability and 3′-hydroxyl termini are also not changed in nuclei isolated from cardiac muscle in which DNA synthesis had been inhibited by administration of isoproterenol and theophylline to newborn rats. DNA-template availability and 3′-hydroxyl termini, however, were substantially increased in nuclei and chromatin from cardiac muscle of adult rats. This increase is not due to elevated deoxyribonuclease activity in nuclei and chromatin of the adult. Electron microscopy indicates that this increase is also not due to dispersal of the chromatin or disruption of nuclear morphology. Density-shift experiments and isopycnic analysis of DNA from cardiac muscle of the adult show that it is more fragmented than DNA from cardiac-muscle cells that are, or have recently ceased, dividing. These studies indicate that DNA synthesis ceases in terminally differentiating cardiac muscle because the activity of a replicative DNA polymerase is lost, rather than the activity of this enzyme being lost because DNA synthesis ceases.
TL;DR: The facts suggest that the resealing of broken DNA strands is an integral part of the recombination reaction mechanism and is closely coupled with the breakage and realignment steps of recombination.
TL;DR: Analysis of viral DNA and RNA synthesis in infected cells by electron microscopic autoradiography and biochemical techniques supports the conclusion that FV 3 DNA synthesis is initiated in the nucleus and completed in the cytoplasm.
TL;DR: The mutated base in the am3 lysis-defective mutant of the bacteriophage phiX174 has been corrected by a combined in vitro enzymatic DNA synthesis and in vivo replication of the heteroduplex product.
Abstract: The mutated base in the am3 lysis-defective mutant of the bacteriophage phiX174 has been corrected by a combined in vitro enzymatic DNA synthesis and in vivo replication of the heteroduplex product. Chemically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides carrying the wild-type sequence have been used to prime DNA synthesis with am3 phiX174 DNA serving as a template. The resultant semisynthetic heteroduplex composed of an am3(+) strand and a wild-type (-) strand, with one mismatched base pair at position 587 on the phiX174 DNA sequence, was used to infect spheroplasts. The progeny phage were analyzed by a parallel plaque assay on wild-type host, Escherichia coli C, to screen for wild-type phenotype, and on E. coli HF4714, an amber suppressor strain, to determine the total progeny phage. When a 23-base-long synthetic primer was used, about one-third of total progeny were found to be wild type. Shorter primers yielded lower percentages of wild type; they also had poorer priming activity.
TL;DR: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase core enzyme was isolated from Halobacterium halobium and purification is based on the finding that the enzyme is stable in 40% (v/v) glycerol, in the presence of 0.05 M MgCl2.
Abstract: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase core enzyme was isolated from Halobacterium halobium. The purification is based on the finding that the enzyme is stable in 40% (v/v) glycerol, in the presence of 0.05 M MgCl2 and involves adsorption of contaminants to DEAE-cellulose, precipitation of the complex of polymerase with DNA by streptomycin sulfate, chromatography over Biogel and affinity chromatography over heparin-Sepharose or heparin-cellulose. The enzyme consists of four or five different subunits. The composition formula was estimated as (150000) (86000)2 (72000)2 (49000)3 or 2; there may be one or two different 49000-Mr subunits. RNA synthesis requires a template. Denatured DNA is more efficient than native DNA. The transcription of native DNA is specifically stimulated by the addition of a possibly sigma-like factor eluted from DEAE-cellulose. The fidelity of transcription is indicated by the absolute requirement for UTP besides ATP with poly[d(A-T)] as the template.
TL;DR: In the present version of the model, the presence of the editing exonuclease accounts for the enzyme's contribution to the accuracy of polymerization and all binding and reaction sites on the enzyme are insensitive to differences between bases or base-pairs.
TL;DR: Data demonstrate discontinuities in the rate that DNA replication forks advance as they approach each other to terminate replication, Consequently, SV40 replicating DNA molecules accumulate in at least two or more discrete stages during the replication process.
Book•
01 Jan 1978TL;DR: The present work focuses on the initiation and control of DNA Replication in Bacteria, and the Organization of DNA replication in a Mammalian Cell Line.
Abstract: I Initiation and Control of Replication.- Control of DNA Replication in Bacteria.- Map Position of the Replication Origin of the E. coli K12 Chromosome.- An Approach to the Isolation of the Replication Origin of Bacillus subtilis.- Stability of Origin-RNA and its Implications on the Structure of the Origin of Replication in E. coli.- The Genetics of E. coli DNA Replication.- Characterization of Chromosomal Replication in a dnaA Mutant.- Genetic and Physiological Properties of an Escherichia coli Strain Carrying the dnaA Mutation T46.- The Function of RNA Polymerase and dnaA in the Initiation of Chromosome Replication in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.- Stabilized Initiation Activity of DNA Replication in an Sdre Mutant of Escherichia coli.- Replication of Bacteriophage Mu: Direction and Possible Location of the Origin.- Control of the Initiation of Lambda Replication, oop, lit and Repressor Establishment RNA Synthesis.- Control of Initiation of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells.- Developmental Considerations of Eukaryotic DNA Replication and Replicon Size.- The Organization of DNA Replication in a Mammalian Cell Line.- An Unusual Structure Implicated in Initiation of DNA Synthesis.- Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 1-?-D-arabino-furanosylcytosine: Differential Effect on Chain Initiation and Elongation in Human Lymphoblasts.- II The Biosynthesis of Chromosomal DNA.- Thymidine Metabolism in Bacteria (and "How, or How Not, to Label DNA").- Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates and DNA Polymerase in Bacteriophage PBS1-Infected Bacillus subtilis.- In Vivo Synthesis and Properties of Uracil-Containing DNA.- Excision Repair of Uracil in DNA and its Contribution to the Pool of Okazaki Fragments.- DNA Replication Intermediates in Escherichia coli.- Size Distribution of Short Chain DNA in Two Strains of Escherichia coli.- Evidence for the Absence of Triphosphate Termini from the 5' Ends of Newly Synthesized E. coli DNA Molecules.- On the Possible Direct Conversion of RNA to DNA.- III DNA Structure, DNA Binding and Unwinding Proteins.- Some Aspects of DNA Strand Separation.- Multiple Interactions of a DNA Binding Protein, Gene-32 Protein of Phage T4, During DNA Replication and Recombination.- Interaction of Protein HD from E. coli with Nucleic Acids.- A Putative DNA Gyrase Mutant of E. coli.- The Role of ATP in E. coli Chromosome Replication.- Nucleic Acid Binding Glycoproteins Which Solubilize Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Dilute Acid: Species Distribution and Possible Role in DNA Condensation.- ATP Dependent Deoxyribonuclease of Bacillussubtilis Subunit Structure and Substrate Specificity of DNA Dependent -ATPase Activity.- Pl Transduction Frequencies: A Clue to Chromosome Structure?.- Bacterial Nucleoid Structure After Inhibition of DNA Replication: The Role of RNA Synthesis.- Specific Properties of the End Groups of rDNA from Tetrahymena.- IV Polymerases and Other Replication Proteins.- Recombinational Mapping of the polA Locus of Escherichia coli K12: Genetic Fine Structure.- DNA Polymerase III of B. subtilis: Characterization of the Binding Site for Arylhydrazinopyrimidine Inhibitors.- DNA Proofreading by a Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase.- The Three DNA Polymerases of Animal Cells: Properties and Functions.- Structure and Catalytic Properties of Human DNA Polymerases ? and ?.- Properties and Interactions of DNA Polymerase ?, DNA Polymerase ? and a DNA Binding Protein of Regenerating Rat Liver.- DNA Polymerases of Sea Urchin Embryos.- Identity Between Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Polymerases ? from Chick Embryo.- Neurons as a Model System for In Vivo Studies of the Possible Function of DNA Polymerases in DNA Replication and Repair Synthesis During Development.- DNA Polymerase in Chromatin.- DNA Polymerase and the Onset of DNA Synthesis in Wheat Embryos.- Effect of SV40 Infection on DNA Polymerase Activity in Monkey Cells.- Characterization of Bacteriophage T7-Induced DNA Primase.- Suppression of E. coli dnaB Mutants by Prophage Plbac: A Biochemical Approach.- Two Replication Functions in Phage P1: ban, an Analog of dnaB, and bof, Involved in the Control of Replication.- V Viral and Plasmid Replication.- The Present Status of OX174 DNA Replication In Vivo.- Enzymatic Replication of DNA in E. coli Probed by Small Phages.- The dnaG Gene Product of Escherichia coli: Characterization of the Catalytic Activity.- G4 and ST-1 DNA Synthesis In Vitro.- Plasmid Replication.- Copy Number Control Mutants of the R Plasmid Rl in Escherichia coil.- Determination of Origin and Direction of Replication of Large Plasmids of E. coli by Two Electron Microscopic Techniques.- Replication of Colicin El Plasmid DNA In Vitro.- A Two-Stage Mechanism of Plasmid DNA Replication.- Adenoviruses - Model for DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells - Role of Viral Proteins in Viral DNA Replication.- Function of an Early DNA Binding Protein in the Replication of Adenovirus DNA.- Sequence Selectivity in the Integration of Adenovirus Type 2 DNA in Productively Infected Cells.- VI Repair Pathways.- DNA Repair in Human Cells: Enzymes and Mutants.- Enzymes Involved in the Repair of Damaged DNA.- In Vitro Characterization of the uvrA+, uvrB+, uvrC+-Coded ATP-Dependent UV-Endonuclease from Escherichia coli.- The recA+ Gene Product of Escherichia coli, an Inducible Protein.- UV Endonucleolytic Activity in Extracts from Mouse Cells.- On the Mechanism of Ultraviolet-Induced Mutagenesis.- An Adaptive Response of E. coli to Low Levels of Alkylating Agent.- Plasmid-Borne Error-Prone DNA Repair.- VII In Vitro Systems.- DNA Synthesis in Permeable Cell Systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- DNA Replication in Simple Eukaryons: Identification of Replisomal Complexes in Cell Extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhartii.- Studies with Enzyme Complexes that Synthesize Adenovirus 2 DNA In Vitro.- Studies on Replicating Simian Virus 40 Chromosomes: Association with Thymidine Kinase.- Synthesis of DNA and Poly(ADP Ribose) in Permeabilized Eukaryotic Cells.- Effect of Xenopus laevis Oocyte and Egg Extracts on SV40 DNA.
TL;DR: The high levels of dUTPase as well as the presence of RNA primers on most nascent DNA Pieces suggest that repair of uracil-containing DNA does not contribute to the generation of the small, nascent DNA pieces found during DNA synthesis in this in vitro system.