Showing papers on "Extended finite element method published in 2016"

Analysis Of The Finite Element Method

Abstract: Thank you for downloading analysis of the finite element method. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this analysis of the finite element method, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. analysis of the finite element method is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the analysis of the finite element method is universally compatible with any devices to read.

A weak Galerkin finite element method for the stokes equations

Abstract: This paper introduces a weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for the Stokes equations in the primal velocity-pressure formulation. This WG method is equipped with stable finite elements consisting of usual polynomials of degree k?1 for the velocity and polynomials of degree k?1 for the pressure, both are discontinuous. The velocity element is enhanced by polynomials of degree k?1 on the interface of the finite element partition. All the finite element functions are discontinuous for which the usual gradient and divergence operators are implemented as distributions in properly-defined spaces. Optimal-order error estimates are established for the corresponding numerical approximation in various norms. It must be emphasized that the WG finite element method is designed on finite element partitions consisting of arbitrary shape of polygons or polyhedra which are shape regular.

Detection of material interfaces using a regularized level set method in piezoelectric structures

Abstract: An algorithm to solve the inverse problem of detecting inclusion interfaces in a piezoelectric structure is proposed. The material interfaces are implicitly represented by level sets which are identified by applying regularization using total variation penalty terms. The inverse problem is solved iteratively and the extended finite element method is used for the analysis of the structure in each iteration. The formulation is presented for three-dimensional structures and inclusions made of different materials are detected by using multiple level sets. The results obtained prove that the iterative procedure proposed can determine the location and approximate shape of material sub-domains in the presence of higher noise levels.

The Finite Volume Method

Abstract: Similar to other numerical methods developed for the simulation of fluid flow, the finite volume method transforms the set of partial differential equations into a system of linear algebraic equations. Nevertheless, the discretization procedure used in the finite volume method is distinctive and involves two basic steps. In the first step, the partial differential equations are integrated and transformed into balance equations over an element. This involves changing the surface and volume integrals into discrete algebraic relations over elements and their surfaces using an integration quadrature of a specified order of accuracy. The result is a set of semi-discretized equations. In the second step, interpolation profiles are chosen to approximate the variation of the variables within the element and relate the surface values of the variables to their cell values and thus transform the algebraic relations into algebraic equations. The current chapter details the first discretization step and presents a broad review of numerical issues pertaining to the finite volume method. This provides a solid foundation on which to expand in the coming chapters where the focus will be on the discretization of the various parts of the general conservation equation. In both steps, the selected approximations affect the accuracy and robustness of the resulting numerics. It is therefore important to define some guiding principles for informing the selection process.

Modeling of thermal properties and failure of thermal barrier coatings with the use of finite element methods: A review

Abstract: To understand the thermal insulation and failure problems of the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) deeply is vital to evaluate the reliability and durability of the TBCs. Actually, experimental methods can not reflect the real case of the TBCs during its fabrication and service process. Finite element modeling (FEM) play an important role in studying these problems. Especially, FEM is very effective in calculating the thermal insulation and the fracture failure problems of the TBCs. In this paper, the research progress of the FEM on the study of the thermal insulation and associated failure problems of the TBCs has been reviewed. Firstly, from the aspect of the investigation of the heat insulation of the TBCs, the thermal analysis via FEM is widely used. The effective thermal conductivity, insulation temperature at different temperatures of the coating surface considering the thermal conduct, convection between the coating and the environment, heat radiation at high temperature and interfacial thermal resistance effect can be calculated by FEM. Secondly, the residual stress which is induced in the process of plasma spraying or caused by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the coating and substrate and the temperature gradient variation under the actual service conditions can be also calculated via FEM. The solution method is based on the thermal–mechanical coupled technique. Thirdly, the failure problems of the TBCs under the actual service conditions can be calculated or simulated via FEM. The basic thought is using the fracture mechanic method. Previous investigation focused on the location of the maximum residual stress and try to find the possible failure positions of the TBCs, and to predict the possible failure modes of the TBCs. It belonged to static analysis. With the development of the FEM techniques, the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), extended finite element method (XFEM) and cohesive zone model (CZM) have been used to simulate the crack propagation behavior of the TBCs. The failure patterns of the TBCs can be monitored timely and dynamically using these methods and the life prediction of the TBCs under the actual service conditions is expected to be realized eventually.

The NonConforming Virtual Element Method for the Stokes Equations

Abstract: We present the nonconforming virtual element method (VEM) for the numerical approximation of velocity and pressure in the steady Stokes problem. The pressure is approximated using discontinuous piecewise polynomials, while each component of the velocity is approximated using the nonconforming virtual element space. On each mesh element the local virtual space contains the space of polynomials of up to a given degree, plus suitable nonpolynomial functions. The virtual element functions are implicitly defined as the solution of local Poisson problems with polynomial Neumann boundary conditions. As typical in VEM approaches, the explicit evaluation of the non-polynomial functions is not required. This approach makes it possible to construct nonconforming (virtual) spaces for any polynomial degree regardless of the parity, for two- and three-dimensional problems, and for meshes with very general polygonal and polyhedral elements. We show that the nonconforming VEM is inf-sup stable and establish optimal a pri...

Finite Element Methods for Eigenvalue Problems

Abstract: This book covers finite element methods for several typical eigenvalues that arise from science and engineering. Both theory and implementation are covered in depth at the graduate level. The background for typical eigenvalue problems is included along with functional analysis tools, finite element discretization methods, convergence analysis, techniques for matrix evaluation problems, and computer implementation. The book also presents new methods, such as the discontinuous Galerkin method, and new problems, such as the transmission eigenvalue problem.

XFEM-Based CZM for the Simulation of 3D Multiple-Cluster Hydraulic Fracturing in Quasi-Brittle Shale Formations

Abstract: The cohesive zone model (CZM) honors the softening effects and plastic zone at the fracture tip in a quasi-brittle rock, e.g., shale, which results in a more precise fracture geometry and pumping pressure compared to those from linear elastic fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, this model, namely the planar CZM, assumes a predefined surface on which the fractures propagate and therefore restricts the fracture propagation direction. Notably, this direction depends on the stress interactions between closely spaced fractures and can be acquired by integrating CZM as the segmental contact interaction model with a fully coupled pore pressure–displacement model based on extended finite element method (XFEM). This integrated model, called XFEM-based CZM, simulates the fracture initiation and propagation along an arbitrary, solution-dependent path. In this work, we modeled a single stage of 3D hydraulic fracturing initiating from three perforation clusters in a single-layer, quasi-brittle shale formation using planar CZM and XFEM-based CZM including slit flow and poroelasticity for fracture and matrix spaces, respectively, in Abaqus. We restricted the XFEM enrichment zones to the stimulation regions as enriching the whole domain leads to extremely high computational expenses and unrealistic fracture growths around sharp edges. Moreover, we validated our numerical technique by comparing the solution for a single fracture with KGD solution and demonstrated several precautionary measures in using XFEM in Abaqus for faster solution convergence, for instance the initial fracture length and mesh refinement. We demonstrated the significance of the injection rate and stress contrast in fracture aperture, injection pressure, and the propagation direction. Moreover, we showed the effect of the stress distribution on fracture propagation direction comparing the triple-cluster fracturing results from planar CZM with those from XFEM-based CZM. We found that the stress shadowing effect of hydraulic fractures on each other can cause these fractures to coalesce, grow parallel, or diverge depending on cluster spacing. We investigated the effect of this arbitrary propagation direction on not only the fractures’ length, aperture, and the required injection pressure, but also the fractures’ connection to the wellbore. This connection can be disrupted due to the near-wellbore fracture closure which may embed proppant grains on the fracture wall or screen out the fracture at early times. Our results verified that the near-wellbore fracture closure strongly depends on the following: (1) the implemented model, planar or XFEM-based CZM; and (2) fracture cluster spacing. Ultimately, we proposed the best fracturing scenario and cluster spacing to maintain the fractures connected to the wellbore.

Robust arbitrary order mixed finite element methods for the incompressible stokes equations with pressure independent velocity errors

Abstract: Standard mixed finite element methods for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations that relax the divergence constraint are not robust against large irrotational forces in the momentum balance and the velocity error depends on the continuous pressure. This robustness issue can be completely cured by using divergence-free mixed finite elements which deliver pressure-independent velocity error estimates. However, the construction of H1 -conforming, divergence-free mixed finite element methods is rather difficult. Instead, we present a novel approach for the construction of arbitrary order mixed finite element methods which deliver pressure-independent velocity errors. The approach does not change the trial functions but replaces discretely divergence-free test functions in some operators of the weak formulation by divergence-free ones. This modification is applied to inf-sup stable conforming and nonconforming mixed finite element methods of arbitrary order in two and three dimensions. Optimal estimates for the incompressible Stokes equations are proved for the H1 and L2 errors of the velocity and the L2 error of the pressure. Moreover, both velocity errors are pressure-independent, demonstrating the improved robustness. Several numerical examples illustrate the results.

Review of Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods for Partial Differential Equations on Complicated Domains

Abstract: The numerical approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs) posed on complicated geometries, which include a large number of small geometrical features or microstructures, represents a challenging computational problem. Indeed, the use of standard mesh generators, employing simplices or tensor product elements, for example, naturally leads to very fine finite element meshes, and hence the computational effort required to numerically approximate the underlying PDE problem may be prohibitively expensive. As an alternative approach, in this article we present a review of composite/agglomerated discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods (DGFEMs) which employ general polytopic elements. Here, the elements are typically constructed as the union of standard element shapes; in this way, the minimal dimension of the underlying composite finite element space is independent of the number of geometrical features. In particular, we provide an overview of hp-version inverse estimates and approximation results for general polytopic elements, which are sharp with respect to element facet degeneration. On the basis of these results, a priori error bounds for the hp-DGFEM approximation of both second-order elliptic and first-order hyperbolic PDEs will be derived. Finally, we present numerical experiments which highlight the practical application of DGFEMs on meshes consisting of general polytopic elements.

A Review of the XFEM-Based Approximation of Flow in Fractured Porous Media

Abstract: This paper presents a review of the available mathematical models and corresponding non-conforming numerical approximations which describe single-phase fluid flow in a fractured porous medium. One focus is on the geometrical difficulties that may arise in realistic simulations such as intersecting and immersed fractures. Another important aspect is the choice of the approximation spaces for the discrete problem: in mixed formulations, both the Darcy velocity and the pressure are considered as unknowns, while in classical primal formulations, a richer space for the pressure is considered and the Darcy velocity is computed a posteriori. In both cases, the extended finite element method is used, which allows for a complete geometrical decoupling among the fractures and rock matrix grids. The fracture geometries can thus be independent of the underlying grid thanks to suitable enrichments of the spaces that are able to represent possible jumps of the solution across the fractures. Finally, due to the dimensional reduction, a better approximation of the resulting boundary conditions for the fractures is addressed.

A well-conditioned and optimally convergent XFEM for 3D linear elastic fracture

Abstract: Summary A variation of the extended finite element method for three-dimensional fracture mechanics is proposed. It utilizes a novel form of enrichment and point-wise and integral matching of displacements of the standard and enriched elements in order to achieve higher accuracy, optimal convergence rates, and improved conditioning for two-dimensional and three-dimensional crack problems. A bespoke benchmark problem is introduced to determine the method's accuracy in the general three-dimensional case where it is demonstrated that the proposed approach improves the accuracy and reduces the number of iterations required for the iterative solution of the resulting system of equations by 40% for moderately refined meshes and topological enrichment. Moreover, when a fixed enrichment volume is used, the number of iterations required grows at a rate which is reduced by a factor of 2 compared with standard extended finite element method, diminishing the number of iterations by almost one order of magnitude. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Level set topology optimization of cooling and heating devices using a simplified convection model

Abstract: This paper studies topology optimization of convective heat transfer problems in two and three dimensions. The convective fluxes are approximated by Newton's Law of Cooling (NLC). The geometry is described by a Level Set Method (LSM) and the temperature field is predicted by the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). A constraint on the spatial gradient of the level set field is introduced to penalize small, sub-element-size geometric features. Numerical studies show that the LSM-XFEM provides improved accuracy over previously studied density methods and LSMs using Ersatz material models. It is shown that the NLC model with an iso-thermal fluid phase may over predict the convective heat flux and thus promote the formation of very thin fluid channels, depending on the Biot number characterizing the heat transfer problem. Approximating the temperature field in the fluid phase by a diffusive model mitigates this issue but an explicit feature size control is still necessary to prevent the formation of small solid members, in particular at low Biot numbers. The proposed constraint on the gradient of the level set field is shown to suppress sub-element-size features but necessitates a continuation strategy to prevent the optimization process from stagnating as geometric features merge.

XFEM simulation of delamination in composite laminates

Abstract: In this paper, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is extended to simulate delamination problems in composite laminates. A crack-leading model is proposed and implemented in the ABAQUS® to discriminate different delamination morphologies, i.e., the 0°/0° interface in unidirectional laminates and the 0°/90° interface in multidirectional laminates, which accounts for both interlaminar and intralaminar crack propagation. Three typical delamination problems were simulated and verified. The results of single delamination in unidirectional laminates under pure mode I, mode II, and mixed mode I/II correspond well with the analytical solutions. The results of multiple delaminations in unidirectional laminates are in good agreement with experimental data. Finally, using a recently proposed test that characterizes the interaction of delamination and matrix cracks in cross-ply laminates, the present numerical results of the delamination migration caused by the coupled failure mechanisms are consistent with experimental observations.