Showing papers on "Happiness published in 2013"
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Wilson's (1967) review of the area of subjective well-being (SWB) advanced several conclusions regarding those who report high levels of "happiness". A number of his conclusions have been overturned: youth and modest aspirations no longer are seen as prerequisites of SWB.
Abstract: W. Wilson's (1967) review of the area of subjective well-being (SWB) advanced several conclusions regarding those who report high levels of "happiness". A number of his conclusions have been overturned: youth and modest aspirations no longer are seen as prerequisites of SWB. E. Diener's (1984) review placed greater emphasis on theories that stressed psychological factors. In the current article, the authors review current evidence for Wilson's conclusions and discuss modern theories of SWB that stress dispositional influences, adaptation, goals, and coping strategies. The next steps in the evolution of the field are to comprehend the interaction of psychological factors with life circumstances in producing SWB, to understand the causal pathways leading to happiness, understand the processes underlying adaptation to events, and develop theories that explain why certain variables differentially influence the different components of SWV (life satisfaction, pleasant affect, and unpleasant affect).
9,254 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a positive-activity model to find the optimal conditions under which positive activities increase happiness and the mechanisms by which these effects work, and empirical evidence supporting the model and future directions are discussed.
Abstract: Theory and research suggest that people can increase their happiness through simple intentional positive activities, such as expressing gratitude or practicing kindness. Investigators have recently begun to study the optimal conditions under which positive activities increase happiness and the mechanisms by which these effects work. According to our positive-activity model, features of positive activities (e.g., their dosage and variety), features of persons (e.g., their motivation and effort), and person-activity fit moderate the effect of positive activities on well-being. Furthermore, the model posits four mediating variables: positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive behaviors, and need satisfaction. Empirical evidence supporting the model and future directions are discussed.
879 citations
TL;DR: Results show there is an emotion recognition difficulty in autism, with a mean effect size of 0.80 which reduces to 0.41 when a correction for publication bias is applied.
Abstract: Determining the integrity of emotion recognition in autistic spectrum disorder is important to our theoretical understanding of autism and to teaching social skills. Previous studies have reported both positive and negative results. Here, we take a formal meta-analytic approach, bringing together data from 48 papers testing over 980 participants with autism. Results show there is an emotion recognition difficulty in autism, with a mean effect size of 0.80 which reduces to 0.41 when a correction for publication bias is applied. Recognition of happiness was only marginally impaired in autism, but recognition of fear was marginally worse than recognition of happiness. This meta-analysis provides an opportunity to survey the state of emotion recognition research in autism and to outline potential future directions.
616 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a large survey revealed multiple differing predictors of happiness (controlling for meaning) and meaningfulness, including worry, stress, and anxiety, which were linked to higher meaningfulness but lower happiness.
Abstract: Being happy and finding life meaningful overlap, but there are important differences A large survey revealed multiple differing predictors of happiness (controlling for meaning) and meaningfulness (controlling for happiness) Satisfying one’s needs and wants increased happiness but was largely irrelevant to meaningfulness Happiness was largely present oriented, whereas meaningfulness involves integrating past, present, and future For example, thinking about future and past was associated with high meaningfulness but low happiness Happiness was linked to being a taker rather than a giver, whereas meaningfulness went with being a giver rather than a taker Higher levels of worry, stress, and anxiety were linked to higher meaningfulness but lower happiness Concerns with personal identity and expressing the self contributed to meaning but not happiness We offer brief composite sketches of the unhappy but meaningful life and of the happy but meaningless life
559 citations
TL;DR: This article found that prosocial spending is associated with greater happiness around the world, in poor and rich countries alike, and that the reward experienced from helping others is deeply ingrained in human nature, emerging in diverse cultural and economic contexts.
Abstract: This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: Human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial spending). In Study 1, survey data from 136 countries were examined and showed that prosocial spending is associated with greater happiness around the world, in poor and rich countries alike. To test for causality, in Studies 2a and 2b, we used experimental methodology, demonstrating that recalling a past instance of prosocial spending has a causal impact on happiness across countries that differ greatly in terms of wealth (Canada, Uganda, and India). Finally, in Study 3, participants in Canada and South Africa randomly assigned to buy items for charity reported higher levels of positive affect than participants assigned to buy the same items for themselves, even when this prosocial spending did not provide an opportunity to build or strengthen social ties. Our findings suggest that the reward experienced from helping others may be deeply ingrained in human nature, emerging in diverse cultural and economic contexts.
509 citations
10 Sep 2013
TL;DR: The World Happiness Report 2013 as discussed by the authors is a contribution to that crucial debate and is sponsored by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the World Happiness Association (WHA).
Abstract: The world is now in the midst of a major policy debate about the objectives of public policy. What should be the world’s Sustainable Development Goals for the period 2015-2030? The World Happiness Report 2013 is offered as a contribution to that crucial debate. In July 2011 the UN General Assembly passed a historic resolution.1 It invited member countries to measure the happiness of their people and to use this to help guide their public policies. This was followed in April 2012 by the first UN high-level meeting on happiness and well-being, chaired by the Prime Minister of Bhutan. At the same time the first World Happiness Report was published,2 followed some months later by the OECD Guidelines setting an international standard for the measurement of well-being. The present Report is sponsored by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
502 citations
TL;DR: The results show how social media may potentially be used to estimate real-time levels and changes in population-scale measures such as obesity rates.
Abstract: We conduct a detailed investigation of correlations between real-time expressions of individuals made across the United States and a wide range of emotional, geographic, demographic, and health characteristics. We do so by combining (1) a massive, geo-tagged data set comprising over 80 million words generated in 2011 on the social network service Twitter and (2) annually-surveyed characteristics of all 50 states and close to 400 urban populations. Among many results, we generate taxonomies of states and cities based on their similarities in word use; estimate the happiness levels of states and cities; correlate highly-resolved demographic characteristics with happiness levels; and connect word choice and message length with urban characteristics such as education levels and obesity rates. Our results show how social media may potentially be used to estimate real-time levels and changes in population-scale measures such as obesity rates.
483 citations
TL;DR: The authors assess three decades of research on hedonic consumption, emphasizing areas of greatest potential for future exploration, particularly with regard to understanding the sources of pleasure, the manner in which consumers seek it, and the ways in which they might alter their hedonistic consumption decisions to maximize pleasure and happiness.
450 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between well-being and income is roughly linear-log and does not diminish as incomes rise as discussed by the authors, and there is no support for the claim that there is a satiation point.
Abstract: Many scholars have argued that once “basic needs” have been met, higher income is no longer associated with higher in subjective well-being. We assess the validity of this claim in comparisons of both rich and poor countries, and also of rich and poor people within a country. Analyzing multiple datasets, multiple definitions of “basic needs” and multiple questions about well-being, we find no support for this claim. The relationship between well-being and income is roughly linear-log and does not diminish as incomes rise. If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.
375 citations
TL;DR: A survey of work commuters in the three largest urban areas of Sweden show that satisfaction with the work commute contributes to overall happiness, and it is found that feelings during the commutes are predominantly positive or neutral.
Abstract: Research suggests that for many people happiness is being able to make the routines of everyday life work, such that positive feelings dominate over negative feelings resulting from daily hassles. In line with this, a survey of work commuters in the three largest urban areas of Sweden show that satisfaction with the work commute contributes to overall happiness. It is also found that feelings during the commutes are predominantly positive or neutral. Possible explanatory factors include desirable physical exercise from walking and biking, as well as that short commutes provide a buffer between the work and private spheres. For longer work commutes, social and entertainment activities either increase positive affects or counteract stress and boredom. Satisfaction with being employed in a recession may also spill over to positive experiences of work commutes.
354 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between tourism and quality of life (QOL) and subjective well-being (SWB) has been investigated in low-income individuals who had received financial support to access a holiday break (social tourists).
TL;DR: A short-form version of the nature relatedness scale (NR-6), comprised of 6 items from the “self” and “experience” dimensions, is developed and tested and demonstrated good internal consistency, temporal stability, and predicted happiness, environmental concern, and nature contact.
Abstract: The construct of (dis)connection with nature or 'nature relatedness' has become increasingly useful in the study of environmental behaviour as well as psychological health and well-being. Strong nature relatedness is associated with greater happiness and ecologically sustainable behaviour. A number of scales reliably assess individual differences in nature relatedness, but some circumstances may necessitate a brief measure. We developed a short-form version of the nature relatedness scale (NR-6), comprised of 6 items from the 'self' and 'experience' dimensions, and tested the new scale's predictive ability across multiple samples and with longitudinal data in students, community members, and business people. The new NR-6 scale demonstrated good internal consistency, temporal stability, and predicted happiness, environmental concern, and nature contact. This new brief measure of connectedness may have advantages where time and space are limited and the research context requires an assessment of connectedness elements rather than environmental attitudes.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of nine strengths-based positive interventions on well-being and depression was examined in an Internet-based randomized placebo-controlled study, and the authors concluded that happiness can be enhanced through some “streng-based” interventions.
Abstract: The impact of nine strengths-based positive interventions on well-being and depression was examined in an Internet-based randomized placebo-controlled study. The aims of the study were to: (1) replicate findings on the effectiveness of the gratitude visit, three good things, and using character strengths interventions; (2) test variants of interventions (noting three good things for 2 weeks; combining the gratitude visit and three good things interventions; and noting three funny things for a week); and (3) test the effectiveness of the counting kindness, gift of time, and another door opens-interventions in an online setting. A total of 622 adults subjected themselves to one of the nine interventions or to a placebo control exercise (early memories) and thereafter estimated their degrees of happiness and depression at five times (pre- and post-test, 1-, 3-, and 6 months follow-up). Eight of the nine interventions increased happiness; depression was decreased in all groups, including the placebo control group. We conclude that happiness can be enhanced through some “strengths-based” interventions. Possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of the interventions are discussed.
Book•
23 Dec 2013TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive theory of why human freedom gave way to increasing oppression since the invention of states and why this trend began to reverse itself more recently, leading to a rapid expansion of universal freedoms and democracy.
Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive theory of why human freedom gave way to increasing oppression since the invention of states - and why this trend began to reverse itself more recently, leading to a rapid expansion of universal freedoms and democracy. Drawing on a massive body of evidence, the author tests various explanations of the rise of freedom, providing convincing support of a well-reasoned theory of emancipation. The study demonstrates multiple trends toward human empowerment, which converge to give people control over their lives. Most important among these trends is the spread of 'emancipative values', which emphasize free choice and equal opportunities. The author identifies the desire for emancipation as the origin of the human empowerment trend and shows when and why this desire grows strong; why it is the source of democracy; and how it vitalizes civil society, feeds humanitarian norms, enhances happiness, and helps redirect modern civilization toward sustainable development.
Book•
11 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of assessing sustainability in imperfect but predictable economies and propose a set of metrics to evaluate the sustainability of the economy, based on four musketeers: wealth, sustainable well-being, behavioral indeterminacy, social welfare, and social mobility.
Abstract: Contents vii Preface ix Introduction: The four musketeers xi 1 A wealth of indicators 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A bird's eye view 1.3 Aggregating the non-aggregatable? 1.4 Correcting GDP 1.5 Sustainability assessment: weak or strong? 1.6 Coping with multidimensionality: dashboards 1.7 An overhanging question: how far can aggregation go? 2 Measuring sustainability 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Wealth and sustainable well-being 2.2.1 Discounting future streams of well-being? 2.2.2 From intertemporal well-being to sustainable consumption 2.3 The savings approach: a reference framework 2.3.1 Shifting the focus to sustainability : why? 2.3.2 Assessing sustainability in imperfect but predictable economies. 2.3.3 An example 2.4 The savings approach: several pending problems 2.4.1 Monetization in practice 2.4.2 Behavioral indeterminacy or when 'weak' indicators can turn out too strong 2.4.3 Technological and normative uncertainties 2.4.4 An additional problem: the cross-national dimension of unsustainability 2.5 Conclusion: where to go from there? iii iv CONTENTS 3 A price for everything? 3.1 A revealed preference argument 3.1.1 The argument for an individual consumer 3.1.2 Extending the argument to social welfare through a representative agent 3.1.3 Extending the argument to social welfare with an opti- mality assumption 3.2 A variant of the revealed preference argument 3.3 The theory of index numbers 3.3.1 An axiomatic approach 3.3.2 Approximating welfare changes 3.4 Decomposing welfare 3.4.1 A first decomposition, with the social expenditure function 3.4.2 A second decomposition, in terms of effeciency and equity 3.4.3 A new decomposition, based on Bergson curves 3.4.4 Another decomposition, for small variations 3.5 Specific problems with imputed prices and full income 3.6 Conclusion 4 Equivalent income, or how to value what has no price 4.1 Money-metric utility and equivalent income 4.2 Knock-out criticism? 4.2.1 Not welfarist enough 4.2.2 Too welfarist 4.2.3 Potentially regressive 4.2.4 Reference dependent 4.2.5 Arrow's coup de grace 4.3 Fairness to the rescue 4.3.1 The equivalence approach in fair allocation theory 4.3.2 Arrow Independence is not compelling 4.3.3 References need not be arbitrary 4.3.4 The right dose of welfarism 4.3.5 Bundle dominance is unacceptable 4.3.6 Egalitarianism is demanding 4.4 Social welfare decomposition 4.5 Conclusion 5 Is happiness all that matters? 5.1 The Easterlin paradox: Have we been wrong for 70,000 years? 5.1.1 Bentham is back 5.1.2 The debate about subjective welfarism 5.1.3 Is happiness the ultimate goal? 5.1.4 The key objection to subjective scores 5.2 A theory of subjective well-being 5.2.1 A[currency]ects and judgments 5.2.2 The three problems of the respondent CONTENTS v 5.2.3 Heterogeneous and shifting standards 5.2.4 What do people care about? 5.2.5 Comparisons across preferences 5.3 Making use of happiness data 5.3.1 Proposed indicators 5.3.2 Putting a[currency]ects in their place 5.3.3 Identi?cation problems 5.3.4 Can happiness data be improved? 5.4 Conclusion 6 Empowering capabilities 6.1 The capability approach 6.1.1 From basic needs to capabilities 6.1.2 Functionings, between 'opulence' and 'utility' 6.1.3 From functionings to capabilities 6.2 Capabilities as opportunities 6.2.1 Valuing sets 6.2.2 The relevant aspects of opportunities 6.2.3 Shaping opportunity sets 6.2.4 Equality against set valuation 6.2.5 Why capabilities? 6.3 The valuation issue 6.3.1 The intersection approach 6.3.2 Disagreement and respect for diversity 6.3.3 Implications of respect for personal preferences 6.4 Is the CA a separate approach? Conclusion: How to converge on a multiplicity Why synthetic indicators? Shortcuts and pitfalls Vices and virtues of monetary indicators A multiplicity of synthetic indicators Sustainability warnings A A theory of the reference for equivalent incomes A.1 The model A.2 Reference operators A.3 Non-market goods A.4 Market prices A.5 The household problem B Proofs 233 B.1 A Paretian rank-dependent criterion B.2 Reference-price independence B.3 A simple proof of Arrow's theorem in an economic framework vi CONTENTS Bibliography
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors survey the evidence on subjective well-being and show that human wellbeing also affects outcomes of interest such as health, income, and social behavior, with influence running in both directions.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to survey the “hard” evidence on the effects of subjective well-being. In doing so, we complement the evidence on the determinants of well-being by showing that human well-being also affects outcomes of interest such as health, income, and social behavior. Generally, we observe a dynamic relationship between happiness and other important aspects of our lives, with influence running in both directions. We also discuss the moderating, mediating, and evolutionary dynamics of human well-being.
TL;DR: The results indicate that, contrary to previous reports, parents (and especially fathers) report relatively higher levels of happiness, positive emotion, and meaning in life than do nonparents.
Abstract: Recent scholarly and media accounts paint a portrait of unhappy parents who find remarkably little joy in taking care of their children, but the scientific basis for these claims remains inconclusive. In the three studies reported here, we used a strategy of converging evidence to test whether parents evaluate their lives more positively than do nonparents (Study 1), feel relatively better than do nonparents on a day-to-day basis (Study 2), and derive more positive feelings from caring for their children than from other daily activities (Study 3). The results indicate that, contrary to previous reports, parents (and especially fathers) report relatively higher levels of happiness, positive emotion, and meaning in life than do nonparents.
TL;DR: Across cultures and time, happiness was most frequently defined as good luck and favorable external conditions, however, in American English, this definition was replaced by definitions focused on favorable internal feeling states.
Abstract: We explored cultural and historical variations in concepts of happiness. First, we analyzed the definitions of happiness in dictionaries from 30 nations to understand cultural similarities and differences in happiness concepts. Second, we analyzed the definition of happiness in Webster’s dictionaries from 1850 to the present day to understand historical changes in American English. Third, we coded the State of the Union addresses given by U.S. presidents from 1790 to 2010. Finally, we investigated the appearance of the phrases happy nation versus happy person in Google’s Ngram Viewer from 1800 to 2008. Across cultures and time, happiness was most frequently defined as good luck and favorable external conditions. However, in American English, this definition was replaced by definitions focused on favorable internal feeling states. Our findings highlight the value of a historical perspective in the study of psychological concepts.
TL;DR: This article found no support for the claim that higher income is no longer associated with higher subjective well-being, and the relationship between wellbeing and income is roughly linear-log and does not diminish as incomes rise.
Abstract: Many scholars have argued that once “basic needs” have been met, higher income is no longer associated with higher in subjective well-being. We assess the validity of this claim in comparisons of both rich and poor countries, and also of rich and poor people within a country. Analyzing multiple datasets, multiple definitions of “basic needs” and multiple questions about well-being, we find no support for this claim. The relationship between wellbeing and income is roughly linear-log and does not diminish as incomes rise. If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of studies in this field and highlights the key issues and debates pertaining to measuring, analysing and theorising quality of life and happiness in cities and regions.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Experiences: From Happiness to Affect, Needs, Practices, and Things as mentioned in this paper explores this notion of experience-centered design of artifacts with happiness in mind and explores potential steps of experience design with the help of an illustrative case study.
Abstract: IntroductionThe pursuit of individual happiness is central to life Surprisingly, psychology did not study it extensively until only a decade ago In 2000, Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi noted: "[P]sychologists have scant knowledge of what makes life worth living" (p 5) and accordingly started Positive Psychology Since then the empirical study of happiness has gained significant momentum (eg, Kahneman, 1999, 2011; Lopez & Snyder, 2009; Lyubomirsky, 2007; Seligman, 2011)Borrowing from Lyubomirsky (2007), we understand happiness as the "experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one's life is good, meaningful and worthwhile" (p 32) It, thus, has an immediate, specific, affective component that is experiencing many pleasant and only few unpleasant moments in different situations, and a more long-term, global, cognitive component of general life satisfaction (see subjective well-being, Diener, 2000) In other words, the pursuit of happiness requires the acquisition of positive experiences on a day-to-day basis and a more general assessment of life as positive and meaningful Obviously, happiness can be understood as outside the control of individuals, a result of mere destiny, lucky circumstances, or genetic predisposition However, studies show (see Lyubomirsky, 2007, for an overview) that a good part of happiness depends on activities and is, thus, variable Through the deliberate and active engagement with the world, people can--at least to some degree--take control over their experiences and, thus, make themselves more (or less) happyThis raises an exciting but challenging opportunity for Industrial Design, Product Design, and Interaction Design: Should it not be possible to "design for happiness" by enriching people's everyday lives with positive experiences through artifact-mediated activities? This challenge is two-fold: First, it requires a profound understanding of what a positive experience is and how it is created through "activity" Second, it requires strategies to create and mediate experiences through "stuff" The present paper explores this notion of experience-centered design of artifacts with happiness in mind We start with a clarification of what an experience is, closing with a reflection about the relationship between experiences and the material We then outline potential steps of Experience Design with the help of an illustrative case study Finally, we reflect upon the morality implied by designing experiencesUnderstanding Experiences: From Happiness to Affect, Needs, Practices, and ThingsExperience is a concept with a rich history and meaning (Jay, 2005) Many interpretations and foci exist Note that we are fully aware of this and do not intend to "colonialize" the term Experience and Experience Design just come closest to what we actually attempt to conveyWe understand an experience as "an episode, a chunk of time that one went through--with sights and sounds, feelings and thoughts, motives and actions [] closely knitted together, stored in memory, labeled, relived, and communicated to others An experience is a story, emerging from the dialogue of a person with her or his world through action" (Hassenzahl, 2010, p 8) After going through an episode, people engage in meaning-making They literally tell stories to themselves (and others; Baumeister & Newman, 1994) These stories contain the When, Where, and What, detailing a temporal-spatial structure and the content of the experience In addition, people can tell whether their experience had been positive or negative (ie, affectivity) Affectivity is a crucial ingredient of experience (Desmet & Hekkert, 2007; Forlizzi & Battarbee, 2004; Hassenzahl, 2010; McCarthy & Wright, 2004)--any experience has an "emotional thread" (McCarthy & Wright, 2004), and it is this affectivity which relates experiences to happinessHowever, to stop there would fall short of inspiring design …
TL;DR: It is proposed and shown that experiences are more likely to be shared with others, whereas material possessions are more prone to solitary use and that this distinction may account for their differential effects on happiness.
Abstract: Recent evidence indicates that spending discretionary money with the intention of acquiring life experiences-events that one lives through-makes people happier than spending money with the intention of acquiring material possessions-tangible objects that one obtains and possesses. We propose and show that experiences are more likely to be shared with others, whereas material possessions are more prone to solitary use and that this distinction may account for their differential effects on happiness. In 4 studies, we present evidence demonstrating that the inclusion of others is a key dimension of how people derive happiness from discretionary spending. These studies showed that when the social-solitary and experiential-material dimensions were considered simultaneously, social discretionary spending was favored over solitary discretionary spending, whereas experiences showed no happiness-producing advantage relative to possessions. Furthermore, whereas spending money on socially shared experiences was valued more than spending money on either experiences enacted alone or material possessions, solitary experiences were no more valued than material possessions. Together, these results extend and clarify the basic findings of prior research and add to growing evidence that the social context of experiences is critical for their effects on happiness.
TL;DR: Real-time EEG signal is used to classify happy and unhappy emotions elicited by pictures and classical music, using PSD as a feature and SVM as a classifier to implement happiness detection system using only one pair of channels.
Abstract: We propose to use real-time EEG signal to classify happy and unhappy emotions elicited by pictures and classical music We use PSD as a feature and SVM as a classifier The average accuracies of subject-dependent model and subject-independent model are approximately 7562% and 6512%, respectively Considering each pair of channels, temporal pair of channels (T7 and T8) gives a better result than the other area Considering different frequency bands, high-frequency bands (Beta and Gamma) give a better result than low-frequency bands Considering different time durations for emotion elicitation, that result from 30 seconds does not have significant difference compared with the result from 60 seconds From all of these results, we implement real-time EEG-based happiness detection system using only one pair of channels Furthermore, we develop games based on the happiness detection system to help user recognize and control the happiness
TL;DR: This article investigated the emotions of 39 American and Dutch vacationers on an 8- to 13-day trip and found that vacationers experienced significant changes in the balance of their emotions over the course of their trip.
Abstract: The emotions of 39 American and Dutch vacationers were investigated. Their emotions were tracked daily during their vacation using a diary. Findings indicated that fluctuations in emotions are related to length of vacation. Vacationers on an 8- to 13-day trip experienced significant changes in the balance of their emotions over the course of their trip. In general, they felt good; but this feeling began to decline at the end of the vacation. The findings demonstrate that there is no clear peak in holiday happiness, which presents challenges to tourism suppliers. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Book•
04 Oct 2013
TL;DR: The Gadfly Argument for the Humanities as discussed by the authors argues that "Democracy needs us": the Gadfly argument for the humanities, and "For Its Own Sake": the principle of "for its own sake".
Abstract: Introduction 1. Distinction from other Disciplines 2. Use and Usefulness 3. Socrates Dissatisfied: The Argument for a Contribution to Happiness 4. 'Democracy Needs Us': The Gadfly Argument for the Humanities 5. For Its Own Sake Conclusion: On Public Value Bibliography
TL;DR: The first psychological constructionist model of emotion was proposed by William James as mentioned in this paper, who argued that emotions are phenomena constructed of more basic psychological parts, such as the brain, the heart, and the ego.
Abstract: Over a century ago, William James outlined the first psychological constructionist model of emotion, arguing that emotions are phenomena constructed of more basic psychological parts. In this artic...
TL;DR: The results suggest that there are attitudinal factors affecting knowledge acquisition gained by a game that are related to learners' performance.
Abstract: Educational games have enhanced the value of instruction procedures in institutions and business organizations. Factors that increase students' adoption of learning games have been widely studied in past; however, the effect of these factors on learners' performance is yet to be explored. In this study, factors of Enjoyment, Happiness, and Intention to Use were chosen as important attitudes in learning educational games and increasing learning performance. A two-step between group experiment was conducted: the first study compared game-based learning and traditional instruction in order to verify the value of the game. 41 Gymnasium (middle school) students were involved, and the control and experimental groups were formed based on a pretest method. The second study, involving 46 Gymnasium students, empirically evaluates whether and how certain attitudinal factors affect learners' performance. The results of the two-part experiment showed that a) the game demonstrated good performance (as compared to traditional instruction) concerning the gain of knowledge, b) learners' enjoyment of the game has a significant relation with their performance, and c) learners' intention to use and happiness with the game do not have any relation with their performance. Our results suggest that there are attitudinal factors affecting knowledge acquisition gained by a game.
TL;DR: Findings support the notion that positive emotion variability plays an important and incremental role in psychological health above and beyond overall levels of happiness, and that too much variability might be maladaptive.
Abstract: Positive emotion has been shown to be associated with adaptive outcomes in a number of domains, including psychological health. However, research has largely focused on overall levels of positive emotion with less attention paid to how variable versus stable it is across time. We thus examined the psychological health correlates of positive emotion variability versus stability across 2 distinct studies, populations, and scientifically validated approaches for quantifying variability in emotion across time. Study 1 used a daily experience approach in a U.S. community sample (N 244) to examine positive emotion variability across 2 weeks (macrolevel). Study 2 adopted a daily reconstruction method in a French adult sample (N 2,391) to examine variability within 1 day (microlevel). Greater macro- and microlevel variability in positive emotion was associated with worse psychological health, including lower well-being and life satisfaction and greater depression and anxiety (Study 1), and lower daily satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness (Study 2). Taken together, these findings support the notion that positive emotion variability plays an important and incremental role in psychological health above and beyond overall levels of happiness, and that too much variability might be maladaptive.
Book•
01 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors brought together experts in counselling and vocational psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, and the fields of executive coaching and management to investigate how meaningful work can be fostered and sustained throughout a wide range of work environments.
Abstract: Work is one of the fundamental experiences of human life Yet very few of us are lucky enough to find truly fulfilling jobs In recent decades, as businesses have come to understand the crucial link between happiness and productivity, researchers have focused increasingly on factors such as the nature of the work itself, how well it is suited to the worker, and the ways in which employees can derive meaning and purpose from their work In this groundbreaking book, editors Bryan Dik, Zinta Byrne, and Michael Steger have brought together experts in counselling and vocational psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, and the fields of executive coaching and management to investigate how meaningful work can be fostered and sustained throughout a wide range of work environments Theoretically-grounded yet filled with practical strategies for the workplace, this book will be an important resource for academics, executive consultants, career counsellors, human resource professionals, and organisational leaders alike
TL;DR: It is suggested that religiosity substantially increases subjective well-being if it is considered normative in a certain national context and that in religious countries, religious people report being treated with more respect, which partially explains their higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.