Showing papers on "Intersectionality published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the struggle of women of color in STEM education and how those struggles lead them to search out or create counterspaces, and how these spaces function as havens from isolation and microaggressions.
Abstract: Counterspaces in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are often considered “safe spaces” at the margins for groups outside the mainstream of STEM education. The prevailing culture and structural manifestations in STEM have traditionally privileged norms of success that favor competitive, individualistic, and solitary practices—norms associated with White male scientists. This privilege extends to structures that govern learning and mark progress in STEM education that have marginalized groups that do not reflect the gender, race, or ethnicity conventionally associated with STEM mainstream success, thus necessitating spaces in which the effects of marginalization may be countered. Women of color is one such marginalized group. This article explores the struggles of women of color that threaten their persistence in STEM education and how those struggles lead them to search out or create counterspaces. It also examines the ways that counterspaces operate for women of color in STEM higher education, particularly how they function as havens from isolation and microaggressions. Using a framework of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and intersectionality theory and drawing on interview data from 39 women of color about their STEM higher education experiences, we describe five ways in which counterspaces operate: in peer-to-peer relationships; mentoring relationships; national STEM diversity conferences; STEM and non-STEM campus student groups; and STEM departments. Whereas most research has discussed counterspaces as racially or ethnically homogeneous social groups of peers at the margins, our research found that counterspaces vary in terms of the race/ethnicity, gender, and power levels of participants. We found that counterspaces can be physical settings, as well as conceptual and ideological. Additionally, we identified counterspaces both at the margins and at the center of STEM departments. Thus, our research expands the existing understanding of the types and functions of counterspaces and broadens the definition of what locations can be and should be considered counterspaces. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Research in Science Teaching Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of National Association for Research in Science Teaching. J Res Sci Teach 55: 206–245, 2018
269 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how integrating intersectionality with institutional approaches allows for the study of institutions as heterogeneous entities that impact on the production of social privilege and disadvantage beyond just socioeconomic (re)distribution.
180 citations
TL;DR: Intersectionality and why it matters to global health 20 Gracia E, Merlo J. Intimate partner violence against women and the Nordic paradox, and resistance and backlash to gender equality.
163 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that intersectionality is a theoretical and methodological framework by which education researchers can critically examine why and how students in STEM fields who are subject to bias and discrimination who are intersectional.
Abstract: In this chapter, we argue that intersectionality is a theoretical and methodological framework by which education researchers can critically examine why and how students in STEM fields who are memb...
141 citations
TL;DR: Though age is consistently centralized as the key determinant of the digital divide, analyses revealed that age is not the sole determinant and highlight the role of other factors that contribute to digital inequity among community-dwelling middle-aged and older (65+) adults.
Abstract: Background and objectives The digital revolution has resulted in innovative solutions and technologies that can support the well-being, independence, and health of seniors. Yet, the notion of the "digital divide" presents significant inequities in terms of who accesses and benefits from the digital landscape. To better understand the social and structural inequities of the digital divide, a realist synthesis was conducted to inform theoretical understandings of information and communication technologies (ICTs); to understand the practicalities of access and use inequities; to uncover practices that facilitate digital literacy and participation; and to recommend policies to mitigate the digital divide. Research design and methods A systematic search yielded 55 articles published between 2006 and 2016. Synthesis of existing knowledge, combined with user-experience elicited through a deliberative dialogue session with community stakeholders (n = 35), made visible a pattern of privilege that determined individual agency in ICT access and use. Results Though age is consistently centralized as the key determinant of the digital divide, our analyses, which encompassed both van Dijk's resources and appropriation theory and intersectionality, appraised this notion and revealed that age is not the sole determinant. Findings highlight the role of other factors that contribute to digital inequity among community-dwelling middle-aged (45-64) and older (65+) adults, including education, income, gender, and generational status. Discussion and implications Informed by results of a realist synthesis that was guided by intersectional perspectives, a conceptual framework was developed outlining implications for theory, policy, and practice to address the wicked problem that is the digital divide.
137 citations
TL;DR: The importance of trans history, the assurance of transparency, the significance of nuanced language use, the benefits of feminist methodological contributions, the value of intersectionality and the necessity of respecting trans spaces.
Abstract: The transgender population has been subject to a troubled history of ethically and methodologically flawed research practices. Whilst interest and ethical standards have both risen, there remains little specific methodological consideration of research with transgender participants. This article draws on practical experiences of doing research with transgender communities, and insider group status, to construct six categories to consider when working on trans-focused research. These categories include the importance of transgender history, the assurance of transparency, the significance of nuanced language use, the benefits of feminist methodological contributions, the value of intersectionality and the necessity of respecting trans spaces. The article concludes by reflecting on the overlapping and non-exhaustive nature of these categories,
and wider structural concerns that may trouble knowledge production more generally.
129 citations
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TL;DR: Design justice is a field of theory and practice that is concerned with how the design of objects and systems influences the distribution of risks, harms, and benefits among various groups of people.
Abstract: Design is key to our collective liberation, but most design processes today reproduce inequalities structured by what Black feminist scholars call the matrix of domination. Intersecting inequalities are manifest at all levels of the design process. This paper builds upon the Design Justice Principles, developed by an emerging network of designers and community organizers, to propose a working definition of design justice: Design justice is a field of theory and practice that is concerned with how the design of objects and systems influences the distribution of risks, harms, and benefits among various groups of people. Design justice focuses on the ways that design reproduces, is reproduced by, and/or challenges the matrix of domination (white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, capitalism, and settler colonialism). Design justice is also a growing social movement that aims to ensure a more equitable distribution of design’s benefits and burdens; fair and meaningful participation in design decisions; and recognition of community based design traditions, knowledge, and practices.
128 citations
TL;DR: The intersectionality of intersectionality has become a major feature of feminist scholarly work, despite continued debates surrounding its precise definition as discussed by the authors. But intersectionality is not a generalization of intersectional theory.
Abstract: ‘Intersectionality’ has now become a major feature of feminist scholarly work, despite continued debates surrounding its precise definition. Since the term was coined and the field established in t...
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how intersectionality has been engaged with through the lens of disability critical race theory (DisCrit) to produce new knowledge, and trace the inte ciency of intersectionality with DisCrit.
Abstract: In this review, we explore how intersectionality has been engaged with through the lens of disability critical race theory (DisCrit) to produce new knowledge. In this chapter, we (1) trace the inte...
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the challenges of narrating sexual violence and review how the narrow focus on gender by some anti-sexual violence activism fails women of color and other marginalized groups.
Abstract: Sexual violence reproduces inequalities of gender, race/ethnicity, class, age, sexuality, ability status, citizenship status, and nationality. Yet its study has been relegated to the margins of our discipline, with consequences for knowledge about the reproduction of social inequality. We begin with an overview of key insights about sexual violence elaborated by feminists, critical race scholars, and activists. This research leads us to conceptualize sexual violence as a mechanism of inequality that is made more effective by the silencing of its usage. We trace legal and cultural contestations over the definition of sexual violence in the United States. We consider the challenges of narrating sexual violence and review how the narrow focus on gender by some anti–sexual violence activism fails women of color and other marginalized groups. We conclude by interrogating the sociological silence on sexual violence.
TL;DR: It is argued that street race is a promising multidimensional measure of race for exploring inequality among Latinxs and self-perceived race correlates with physical health and thatStreet race is associated with mental health.
Abstract: Using the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey (N= 1,197) we examine the relationship between physical and mental health status and three multidimensional measures of race: 1) "street race," or how you believe other "Americans" perceive your race at the level of the street; 2) socially assigned race or what we call "ascribed race," which refers to how you believe others usually classify your race in the U.S.; and 3) "self-perceived race," or how you usually self-classify your race on questionnaires. We engage in intersectional inquiry by combining street race and gender. We find that only self-perceived race correlates with physical health and that street race is associated with mental health. We also find that men reporting their street race as Latinx1 or Arab were associated with higher odds of reporting worse mental health outcomes. One surprising finding was that, for physical health, men reporting their street race as Latinx were associated with higher odds of reporting optimal physical health. Among women, those reporting their street race as Mexican were associated with lower odds of reporting optimal physical health when compared to all other women; for mental health status, however, we found no differences among women. We argue that "street race" is a promising multidimensional measure of race for exploring inequality among Latinxs.
TL;DR: This article discusses key issues in the integration of an intersectionality lens in the developmental sciences and introduces a peer-reviewed thematic journal issue on this topic and introduces contributions contained within this volume.
Abstract: This article discusses key issues in the integration of an intersectionality lens in the developmental sciences and introduces a peer-reviewed thematic journal issue on this topic. We begin by briefly situating the importance of an intersectionality lens within the changing demographics and sociopolitical history in the United States, and within developmental science as a field. We provide a brief overview of recommendations on responsible use of intersectionality in developmental science. We then introduce contributions contained within this volume, and how each contributor grappled with the following question: How can an intersectionality perspective inform the developmental phenomena of interest and particular developmental theories you draw upon in your area of research? We end by noting that these contributions offer a collection of manuscripts that aim to increase dialogue among developmental scientists on ways to productively integrate an intersectionality lens in developmental science.
TL;DR: This article examined achievement gaps at a large public university in the American southwest from 2000 to 2015 using white, high-income women as their role models and applied critical race theory and intersectionality to examine achievement gaps.
Abstract: We appeal to critical race theory and intersectionality to examine achievement gaps at a large public university in the American southwest from 2000 to 2015. Using white, high-income women as our r...
TL;DR: The need for public health strategies to consider community, interpersonal, and structural dimensions across intersecting, interdependent identities to promote the wellbeing among women living with HIV and to reduce social structural and health disparities is highlighted.
08 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a brief introduction to the theory of intersectionality and discuss the ways in which media representations of women of color reinforce race and gender stereotypes, and how these stereotyped representations encourage and incite violence against women.
Abstract: This chapter presents a brief introduction to the theory of intersectionality. It considers the ways in which media representations of women of color reinforce race and gender stereotypes. These stereotyped representations encourage and incite violence against us. These media images define the spaces that women of color may occupy in dominant consciousness and problematize the efforts to construct a political practice and cultural critique. The chapter discusses the different intersectionalities, namely: structural intersectionality, political intersectionality and representational intersectionality. Black feminism expresses that racial and sexual subordination are mutually reinforcing, that Black women are marginalized by a politics of race and of gender, and that a political response to each form of subordination must at the same time be a political response to both. The political argument was that 2 Live Crew represents an attack against Black sexual stereotypes. For the strategy to succeed, it must highlight the sexism, misogyny, and violence stereotypically associated with Black male sexuality.
TL;DR: This article examines invisibility, or how dominant practices serve to overlook, silence, or dismiss knowledge produced by and for racial/ethnic minority populations, and makes recommendations for changes in practices for individuals, institutions, and the field at large.
Abstract: Garcia Coll et al's (1996) integrative model was a landmark article for developmental science, and for psychology more broadly, in outlining the multitude of social and cultural factors at play when seeking to understand the development of racial/ethnic minority children The time is ripe to not only take stock of those advances but also evaluate the integrative model in the context of present-day research practice within developmental psychology, and psychology more broadly The purpose of this article is to bring a systemic perspective to developmental science through a discussion of current practices in the field To do so, we examine invisibility, or how dominant practices serve to overlook, silence, or dismiss knowledge produced by and for racial/ethnic minority populations Guided by the interpretive framework of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991), we discuss three key questions: From whose vantage point is research conducted? What types of questions are valued? And who gets left out? We then conclude with recommendations for changes in practices for individuals, institutions, and the field at large Importantly, although our analysis is largely grounded in research and practices in developmental psychology, it is also highly relevant to psychological science as a whole (PsycINFO Database Record
TL;DR: Racial injustice at the intersections of interpersonal and state violence sets the stage for this examination of mainstream responses to domestic and sexual violence as discussed by the authors, and it is worth noting that at one end of this continuum i...
Abstract: Racial injustice at the intersections of interpersonal and state violence sets the stage for this examination of mainstream responses to domestic and sexual violence. At one end of this continuum i...
TL;DR: An argument is presented for the importance of examining intersectionalities in studies of discrimination and physical health in African Americans and an overview of research in this area is provided.
Abstract: Research examining associations between self-reported experiences of discrimination overall (e.g., potentially due to race, gender, socioeconomic status, age) and health—particularly among African ...
TL;DR: Multivariate analyses show that among men and women, perceptions of multiple forms of mistreatment are associated with worse mental health, and gender discrimination partially explains the gender gap in self-reported mental health.
Abstract: This study examines the extent to which discrimination and harassment contribute to gendered health disparities. Analyzing data from the 2006, 2010, and 2014 General Social Surveys (N = 3,724), we ...
TL;DR: It is argued that adolescent outcomes should be understood both from the top and the bottom, including how youth interpret and cope with their vulnerability, based upon experiences of interlocking systems of oppression, as integrated with Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST).
Abstract: Beginning with Erikson, identity formation has often been framed as a salient developmental challenge for adolescents. Recent theoretical advances situate this identity formation as a central life course process involving ecological and social context associated with diverse experiences and characteristics. Some scholars have employed intersectionality as a call to study experiences of individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups. In this article, we argue that developmental research would be served by a return to Crenshaw's formulation of intersectionality-that is, that marginalization involves systematic inequality and interlocking systems of oppression-as integrated with Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST). The latter was formulated as a needed critique of traditional developmental theories that generally ignored the problem of inequality as experienced through multiple layers of navigated contexts. Problematic ecological contexts can be understood through intersectionality's forefronting of complex structures and social positionality-that power dynamics and interconnected systems lead to differential outcomes within socially constructed categories like class, race, and gender. PVEST complements these insights through an attentiveness to phenomenological interpretations and responses-the "how" and "why" of the process. Therefore, we argue that adolescent outcomes should be understood both from the top and the bottom, including how youth interpret and cope with their vulnerability, based upon experiences of interlocking systems of oppression. The consequent synthesis should bolster the identification of pillar-like supports needed by youth and which afford effective assistance across respective socialization contexts.
TL;DR: In this article, the inherent spatialities of intersectionality and its pivotal importance for feminist geographic thought are highlighted, highlighting the importance of intersectional spatiality for women's geographic thought.
Abstract: In this article, we highlight the inherent spatialities of intersectionality and its pivotal importance for feminist geographic thought. Intersectionality was, at its inception, already a deeply sp...
TL;DR: This article used Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory as a strengths-based approach to investigate 10 undergraduate Black women's perceptions of race and gender on their STEM identity development and engagement, and found that these women enter STEM experiences cognizant of their race/gender identities, naming them in isolation and intersectionally as a potential risk or as being protective, positive, and empowering for their STEM engagement.
Abstract: Funding information National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 143681 Abstract Much of the research in science education that explores the influence of a racial and gendered identity on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) engagement for Black women situate their identities primarily as responses to the oppression and struggles they face in STEM. In this study, we use Phenomenological Variant Ecological Systems Theory as a strengths‐based approach to investigate 10 undergraduate Black women’s perceptions of race and gender on their STEM identity development and engagement. The qualitative analysis of interview and journal data revealed these women enter STEM experiences cognizant of their race and gender identities, naming them in isolation and intersectionally as a potential risk or as being protective, positive, and empowering for their STEM engagement. These findings illuminate the importance of Black women self‐authoring their identities in STEM contexts, both in naming what is salient and defining what those names mean, and have implications for STEM retention and matriculation efforts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that environmental justice scholarship, activism and policy that aims to be intersectional by definition needs to include disability and ableism and moreover, will benefit people with disabilities.
Abstract: This paper argues that environmental justice (EJ) scholarship, activism and policy that aims to ‘be intersectional’ by definition needs to include disability and ableism and, moreover, will benefit...
TL;DR: As intersectionality gains more prominence, scholars still face difficulties of incorporating principles of intersectionality into empirical research as mentioned in this paper, and they face difficulties in incorporating intersectionality principles in empirical research.
Abstract: As intersectionality gains more prominence, scholars still face difficulties of incorporating principles of intersectionality into empirical research. Key concepts of intersectionality theory inclu...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors unpack intersectionality as an analytical framework and cite Black Lives Matter as an impetus for discussing intersectionality's current traction, and review the intersectional g...
Abstract: In this chapter, we unpack intersectionality as an analytical framework. First, we cite Black Lives Matter as an impetus for discussing intersectionality’s current traction. Second, we review the g...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated issues of gender, race and identity, as enacted through social media, focusing on the abuse experienced by tennis player Serena Williams during the 2015 Wimbledon Championsh...
Abstract: This study investigates issues of gender, race and identity, as enacted through social media, focusing on the abuse experienced by tennis player Serena Williams during the 2015 Wimbledon Championsh...
Johns Hopkins University1, Makerere University2, Indian Institute of Health Management Research3, University of Zimbabwe4, University of Nigeria, Nsukka5, University of the Western Cape6, University of Leeds7, University of Oxford8, Kenya Medical Research Institute9, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences10, Ifakara Health Institute11, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine12, Philippine Institute for Development Studies13
TL;DR: The implications of the diverse examples of gender and health systems research highlighted indicate that policy-makers, health practitioners and others interested in enhancing health system research and delivery have solid grounds to advance their enquiry and that one-size-fits-all heath interventions that ignore gender and intersectionality dimensions require caution.
Abstract: Gender is often neglected in health systems, yet health systems are not gender neutral. Within health systems research, gender analysis seeks to understand how gender power relations create inequities in access to resources, the distribution of labour and roles, social norms and values, and decision-making. This paper synthesises findings from nine studies focusing on four health systems domains, namely human resources, service delivery, governance and financing. It provides examples of how a gendered and/or intersectional gender approach can be applied by researchers in a range of low- and middle-income settings (Cambodia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, India, China, Nigeria and Tanzania) to issues across the health system and demonstrates that these types of analysis can uncover new and novel ways of viewing seemingly intractable problems. The research used a combination of mixed, quantitative, qualitative and participatory methods, demonstrating the applicability of diverse research methods for gender and intersectional analysis. Within each study, the researchers adapted and applied a variety of gender and intersectional tools to assist with data collection and analysis, including different gender frameworks. Some researchers used participatory tools, such as photovoice and life histories, to prompt deeper and more personal reflections on gender norms from respondents, whereas others used conventional qualitative methods (in-depth interviews, focus group discussion). Findings from across the studies were reviewed and key themes were extracted and summarised. Five core themes that cut across the different projects were identified and are reported in this paper as follows: the intersection of gender with other social stratifiers; the importance of male involvement; the influence of gendered social norms on health system structures and processes; reliance on (often female) unpaid carers within the health system; and the role of gender within policy and practice. These themes indicate the relevance of and need for gender analysis within health systems research. The implications of the diverse examples of gender and health systems research highlighted indicate that policy-makers, health practitioners and others interested in enhancing health system research and delivery have solid grounds to advance their enquiry and that one-size-fits-all heath interventions that ignore gender and intersectionality dimensions require caution. It is essential that we build upon these insights in our efforts and commitment to move towards greater equity both locally and globally.