Showing papers on "Polymer nanocomposite published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface of inorganic nanoparticles is modified to improve the interfacial interactions between the inorganic particles and the polymer matrix, which improves the properties of polymeric composites.
1,709 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hierarchical structure of cellulose is exploited to extract nanoparticles from this naturally occurring polymer, which can be used for the processing of polymer nanocomposites.
1,211 citations
TL;DR: This type of systematic comparative study can help to develop the criteria for selecting proper nanocellulose as a biobased nano-reinforcement material in polymer nanocomposites.
Abstract: Both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are nanoscale cellulose fibers that have shown reinforcing effects in polymer nanocomposites. CNCs and CNFs are different in shape, size and composition. This study systematically compared their morphologies, crystalline structure, dispersion properties in polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix, interactions with matrix, and the resulting reinforcing effects on the matrix polymer. Transparent PEO/CNC and PEO/CNF nanocomposites comprising up to 10 wt % nanofibers were obtained via solution casting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and tensile testing were used to examine the above-mentioned properties of nanocellulose fibers and composites. At the same nanocellulose concentration, CNFs led to higher strength and modulus than did CNCs due to CNFs’ larger aspect ratio and fiber entangleme...
752 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one particular approach to control the spatial distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer matrix, and the properties of polymer-grafted NPs.
Abstract: A recurring challenge in the field of nanocomposites is to control the spatial distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer matrix. This issue is of critical importance since it is now well-established that a specific NP dispersion state is necessary to optimize a desired property of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). This Perspective focuses on one particular approach to controlling NP spatial dispersion, and hence the properties of polymer-based nanocomposites: the use of polymer-grafted NPs. Novel developments over the past decade in synthesis techniques allow us to controllably functionalize NPs with polymer chains. This has ignited considerable interest in this field, leading to significant advances in creating nanocomposites with tunable physical properties. We begin by briefly outlining the various synthetic strategies for functionalizing NPs and then discuss various methods for controllably dispersing them in a polymer matrix. The consequences of having states with controlled NP dispersion on nano...
675 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a novel strategy to improve the interface between the high dielectric constant nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO3) and ferroelectric polymer.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and low dielectric loss are highly desirable in electronic and electric industry. Achieving the ability to tailor the interface between polymer and nanoparticle is the key issue to realize desirable dielectric properties and high energy density in the nanocomposites. However, the understanding of the role of interface on the dielectric properties and energy density of polymer nanocomposites is still very poor. In this work, we report a novel strategy to improve the interface between the high dielectric constant nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO3) and ferroelectric polymer [i.e., poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene)]. Core–shell structured BaTiO3 nanoparticles either with different shell thickness or with different molecular structure of the shell were prepared by grafting two types of fluoroalkyl acrylate monomers via surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The dielectric properties and energy storage c...
318 citations
TL;DR: With this technique, the formation of continuous conductive network structure of CNT-GNP-CNT and the development of spatial arrangement for strong π-π interaction among the electron rich phenyl rings of PS, GNP, and MWCNT could be possible throughout the matrix phase in the nanocomposites.
Abstract: Today, we stand at the edge of exploring carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene based polymer nanocomposites as next generation multifunctional materials. However, irrespective of the methods of composite preparation, development of electrical conductivity with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) value at very low loading of CNT and (or) graphene is limited due to poor dispersion of these nanofillers in polymer matrix. Here, we demonstrate a novel technique that involves in-situ polymerization of styrene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of suspension polymerized polystyrene (PS)/graphite nanoplate (GNP) microbeads, for the preparation of electrically conducting PS/MWCNT/GNP nanocomposites with very high (~20.2 dB) EMI shielding value at extremely low loading of MWCNTs (~2 wt %) and GNP (~1.5 wt %). Finally, through optimizing the ratio of PS-GNP bead and MWCNTs in the nanocomposites, an electrical conductivity of ~9.47 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) was achieved at GNP and MWCNTs loading of 0.29 and 0.3 wt %, respectively. The random distribution of the GNPs and MWCNTs with GNP-GNP interconnection through MWCNT in the PS matrix was the key factor in achieving high electrical conductivity and very high EMI shielding value at this low MWCNT and GNP loadings in PS/MWCNT/GNP nanocomposites. With this technique, the formation of continuous conductive network structure of CNT-GNP-CNT and the development of spatial arrangement for strong π-π interaction among the electron rich phenyl rings of PS, GNP, and MWCNT could be possible throughout the matrix phase in the nanocomposites, as evident from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies.
284 citations
TL;DR: In this article, functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (f-GNP) were incorporated in polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites during in situ polymerization.
273 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixed micromechanics model was developed to predict the overall electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer nanocomposites, where electron hopping and conductive networks were incorporated into the model by introducing an interphase layer and considering the effective aspect ratio of CNTs.
Abstract: A mixed micromechanics model was developed to predict the overall electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer nanocomposites. Two electrical conductivity mechanisms, electron hopping and conductive networks, were incorporated into the model by introducing an interphase layer and considering the effective aspect ratio of CNTs. It was found that the modeling results agree well with the experimental data for both single-wall carbon nanotube and multi-wall carbon nanotube based nanocomposites. Simulation results suggest that both electron hopping and conductive networks contribute to the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, while conductive networks become dominant as CNT volume fraction increases. It was also indicated that the sizes of CNTs have significant effects on the percolation threshold and the overall electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. This developed model is expected to provide a more accurate prediction on the electrical conductivity of CNT–polymer nanocomposites and useful guidelines for the design and optimization of conductive polymer nanocomposites.
246 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a wash-and-rebuild process was used to synthesize amino-and epoxy-functionalized graphene oxide (APTS-GO) for nanocomposites, which yielded a 32% increase in Young's modulus (3.3 GPa) and 16 percent increase in tensile strength (81.2 MPa).
246 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the filler percolation network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermally reduced functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) in an epoxy resin was evaluated by the plate-plate rheological response of un-cured dispersions and the electrical properties of cured materials.
240 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a core@double-shell strategy was developed to prepare barium titanate (BT)-based high performance polymer nanocomposites, in which the first shell is hyperbranched aromatic polyamide (HBP) and the second shell is poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric constant have extensive applications in the electronic and electrical industry because of ease of processing and low cost. Blending and in situ polymerization are two conventional methods for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. However, the resulting nanocomposites, particularly highly filled nanocomposites, generally have some disadvantages such as high dielectric loss and low dielectric constant and thus show low energy density and low energy efficiency. Here we developed a core@double-shell strategy to prepare barium titanate (BT)-based high performance polymer nanocomposites, in which the first shell is hyperbranched aromatic polyamide (HBP) and the second shell is poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method utilized the advantages of both polymer shells, resulting in superior dielectric property which cannot be achieved in nanocomposites prepared by the conventional blending methods. It is found that, compared with the conventional solution blended...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of COOH functionalization on the thermal conductivity of carbon-nanotube-polymer nanocomposites were studied experimentally and it was found that while even small quantities of carbon nanotubes (∼1 wt %) can increase the electrical conductivity, a larger loading fraction is required to enhance the thermal performance.
Abstract: Carboxylic functionalization (−COOH groups) of carbon nanotubes is known to improve their dispersion properties and increase the electrical conductivity of carbon-nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. We have studied experimentally the effects of this type of functionalization on the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites. It was found that while even small quantities of carbon nanotubes (∼1 wt %) can increase the electrical conductivity, a larger loading fraction (∼3 wt %) is required to enhance the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites. Functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes performed the best as filler material leading to a simultaneous improvement of the electrical and thermal properties of the composites. Functionalization of the single-wall carbon nanotubes reduced the thermal conductivity enhancement. The observed trends were explained by the fact that while surface functionalization increases the coupling between carbon nanotube and polymer matrix, it also leads to formation of defects, which ...
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the latest hot debated themes in the field of physical aging in polymers and polymer nanocomposites is provided, highlighting its relationship with the polymer segmental mobility.
Abstract: Physical aging is a ubiquitous phenomenon in glassy materials and originates from the fact that they are generally out-of-equilibrium. Due to the technological and fundamental implications, this phenomenon has been deeply investigated in the last decades especially in glassy polymers. Here we provide a critical review of the latest hot debated themes in the field of physical aging in polymers and polymer nanocomposites. We first summarize the fundamental aspects of physical aging, highlighting its relationship with the polymer segmental mobility. A review of the methods employed to monitor physical aging is also provided, in particular those probing the time dependent evolution of thermodynamic variables (or related to) and those probing the (quasi)instantaneous polymer segmental mobility. We subsequently focus our attention on the two following debated topics in the field of physical aging of polymers: (i) the fate of the dynamics and thermodynamics of glassy polymers below the glass transition temperature (Tg), i.e. the temperature below which physical aging occurs; (ii) the modification of physical aging induced by the presence of inorganic nanofillers in polymer nanocomposites. With respect to the former point particular attention is devoted to recent findings concerning possible deviations from the behavior normally observed above Tg of both dynamics and thermodynamics deep in the glassy state. Regarding the effect of the presence of nanofillers on the rate of physical aging, the role of the modification of the polymer segmental mobility and that of purely geometric factors are discussed with particular emphasis on the most recent advances in the topic. The modification of the rate of physical aging in other nanostructured systems, such as polymer thin films, is discussed with particular emphasis on the analogy in terms of a large amount of interface with polymer nanocomposites.
TL;DR: The prevention of biofilm formation on the ECPNC membranes was a long-term effect, did not decrease with use, and was highly reproducible.
Abstract: Electrically conductive polymer-nanocomposite (ECPNC) tight nanofiltration (NF) thin film membranes were demonstrated to have biofilm-preventing capabilities under extreme bacteria and organic material loadings. A simple route to the creation and application of these polyamide-carbon nanotube thin films is also reported. These thin films were characterized with SEM and TEM as well as FTIR to demonstrate that the carbon nanotubes are embedded within the polyamide and form ester bonds with trimesoyl chloride, one of the monomers of polyamide. These polymer nanocomposite thin film materials boast high electrical conductivity (∼400 S/m), good NaCl rejection (>95%), and high water permeability. To demonstrate these membranes' biofouling capabilities, we designed a cross-flow water filtration vessel with insulated electrical leads connecting the ECPNC membranes to an arbitrary waveform generator. In all experiments, conducted in highly bacterially contaminated LB media, flux tests were run until fluxes decreased by 45 ± 3% over initial flux. Biofilm-induced, nonreversible flux decline was observed in all control experiments and a cross-flow rinse with the feed solution failed to induce flux recovery. In contrast, flux decrease for the ECPNC membranes with an electric potential applied to their surface was only caused by deposition of bacteria rather than bacterial attachment, and flux was fully recoverable following a short rinse with the feed solution and no added cleaning agents. The prevention of biofilm formation on the ECPNC membranes was a long-term effect, did not decrease with use, and was highly reproducible.
TL;DR: In this article, the structure, morphology, and related applications of semicrystalline polymer CNT nanocomposites (PCNs) are discussed, followed by a brief discussion on transcrystallization and linear nucleation in polymers.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites have been an area of active research for the past 20 years. Of all potential fillers for polymer nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of particular interest due to their low mass density, high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In semicrystalline polymer CNT nanocomposites (PCNs), CNTs are viewed as nucleation agents that can affect polymer crystallization. However, it is challenging to quantify and compare results from different research groups, mainly due to the complexity of CNTs. Different chiralities, diameters, surface functional groups, surfactants used, and sample preparation processes can affect PCN crystallization. In this Perspective, we will focus on the structure, morphology, and related applications of semicrystalline PCNs. We will first present the introduction to semicrystalline PCNs followed by a brief discussion on transcrystallization and linear nucleation in polymers. The detailed interface structure and morphology ...
TL;DR: A simple and inexpensive template lamination method to fabricate multifunctional TiO2-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposite surfaces exhibiting superhydrophobicity, UV-induced reversible wettability, and self-cleaning properties is reported.
Abstract: Multifunctional superhydrophobic nanocomposite surfaces based on photocatalytic materials, such as fluorosilane modified TiO2, have generated significant research interest. However, there are two challenges to forming such multifunctional surfaces with stable superhydrophobic properties: the photocatalytic oxidation of the hydrophobic functional groups, which leads to the permanent loss of superhydrophobicity, as well as the photoinduced reversible hydrolysis of the catalytic particle surface. Herein, we report a simple and inexpensive template lamination method to fabricate multifunctional TiO2–high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposite surfaces exhibiting superhydrophobicity, UV-induced reversible wettability, and self-cleaning properties. The laminated surface possesses a hierarchical roughness spanning the micro- to nanoscale range. This was achieved by using a wire mesh template to emboss the HDPE surface creating an array of polymeric posts while partially embedding untreated TiO2 nanoparticles ...
TL;DR: Polymer nanocomposite foams with nanoparticles are an intriguing class of materials with unique structure and properties The shape, size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles can be tailored to control the foam structure, and therefore, foam properties.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposite foams, polymer foams with nanoparticles, are an intriguing class of materials with unique structure and properties The shape, size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles can be tailored to control the foam structure, and therefore, foam properties Nanoparticles also add functionality to polymer foams In this paper, we briefly review the recent developments in polymer nanocomposites and nanocomposite foams This is followed by an extensive discussion regarding the role of nanoparticles in foam morphology and properties Finally, the current and future trends of polymer nanocomposite foams are summarized Both challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent advances in the preparation and characterization of polymer nanocomposites, and their potential use in packaging applications are addressed, including their potential application in active food packaging.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites markedly improved packaging properties due to their nanometer size dispersion. These enhancements include increased modulus and strength, decreased gas permeability, and increased water resistance. Additionally, biologically active ingredients can be added to impart the desired functional properties to the resulting packaging materials. Accordingly, polymer-based nanocomposites packaging materials with bio-functional properties have a huge potential for application in the active food packaging industry. In this review, recent advances in the preparation and characterization of polymer nanocomposites, and their potential use in packaging applications are addressed.
TL;DR: In this article, halloysite (Hal) nanotubes compounded with polylactide (PLA) via melt mixing formed biodegradable and biocompatible clay polymer nanocomposites (CPN).
TL;DR: The introduction of the PANI nanofillers was found to reduce the heat-release rate and to increase the char residue of epoxy resin and the enhanced permittivity was analyzed by the interfacial polarization.
Abstract: Both fibril and spherical polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures have successfully served as nanofillers for obtaining epoxy resin polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). The effects of nanofiller morphology and loading level on the mechanical properties, rheological behaviors, thermal stability, flame retardancy, electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties were systematically studied. The introduction of the PANI nanofillers was found to reduce the heat-release rate and to increase the char residue of epoxy resin. A reduced viscosity was observed in both types of PANI–epoxy resin liquid nanosuspension samples at lower loadings (1.0 wt % for PANI nanospheres; 1.0 and 3.0 wt % for PANI nanofibers), the viscosity was increased with further increases in the PANI loading for both morphologies. The dynamic storage and loss modulii were studied, together with the glass-transition temperature (Tg) being obtained from the peak of tan δ. The critical PANI nanofiller loading for the modulus and Tg was different, i.e., 1.0...
TL;DR: In this article, the homogenous distribution of GO in the PVK-GO nanocomposite was determined by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR-IR).
Abstract: Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was blended with graphene oxide (GO) to form a PVK–GO polymer nanocomposite capable of adsorbing heavy metal from aqueous solutions. The homogenous distribution of GO in the PVK–GO nanocomposite was determined by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance – infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The results show that the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ by the nanocomposite increased with increasing amount of GO. This phenomenon was attributed to the increasing concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups available in the nanocomposite. Furthermore, the adsorption of Pb2+ onto PVK–GO nanocomposite was influenced by pH changes. Higher pHs had a better adsorption capacity than lower pHs, due to changes in the nanocomposite surface properties. The highest adsorption capacity of the PVK–GO nanocomposite for Pb2+ was 887.98 mg g−1 and fits well the Langmuir model. This adsorption capacity was achieved using a 10 : 90 wt% ratio of PVK : GO at pH 7 ± 0.5 with a 90 min contact time. The high removal efficiency of this nanocomposite suggests that PVK–GO is effective and can be applied to remove heavy metals from water.
TL;DR: In this article, a broad frequency (10−1−106 Hz) and temperature range (178−423 K) was used to probe the polymer/silica interface and two relaxation processes were identified for the composites: one corresponding to the bulklike polymer and a second one related to polymer chains close to the silica surface.
Abstract: Samples with different amounts of poly(vinyl acetate) adsorbed on silica particles were prepared in order to study their interfacial interactions and dynamics. The interface of adsorbed polymers to a substrate plays an important role in many applications such as polymer nanocomposites, thin films, and coatings. Characterization of such interfaces is thus of high importance since they were found to differ from bulk properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is applied to analyze the amounts of polymer adsorbed on silica particles. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is employed in a broad frequency (10–1–106 Hz) and temperature range (178–423 K) in order to probe the polymer/silica interface. Two relaxation processes can be identified for the composites: one corresponding to the bulklike polymer and a second one related to polymer chains close to the silica surface. For the latter the dynamic glass transition is shifted to higher temperature due to reduced mobility. This effect is investigated in dep...
TL;DR: A method is suggested to obtain noncovalently functionalized BNNFs with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) molecules and to synthesize epoxy-BNNF nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties and the toughening enhancement is as high as 107% compared to the value of neat epoxy.
Abstract: The influence of surface modifications on the mechanical properties of epoxy-hexagonal boron nitride nanoflake (BNNF) nanocomposites is investigated. Homogeneous distributions of boron nitride nanoflakes in a polymer matrix, preserving intrinsic material properties of boron nitride nanoflakes, is the key to successful composite applications. Here, a method is suggested to obtain noncovalently functionalized BNNFs with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) molecules and to synthesize epoxy-BNNF nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. The incorporation of noncovalently functionalized BNNFs into epoxy resin yields an elastic modulus of 3.34 GPa, and 71.9 MPa ultimate tensile strength at 0.3 wt%. The toughening enhancement is as high as 107% compared to the value of neat epoxy. The creep strain and the creep compliance of the noncovalently functionalized BNNF nanocomposite is significantly less than the neat epoxy and the nonfunctionalized BNNF nanocomposite. Noncovalent functionalization of BNNFs is effective to increase mechanical properties by strong affinity between the fillers and the matrix.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to reinforce epoxy composite and carbon fiber composite laminates to enhance their mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength and flexure properties.
Abstract: Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are novel nanofillers possessing attractive characteristics, including robust compatibility with most polymers, high absolute strength, and cost effectiveness. In this study, GNPs were used to reinforce epoxy composite and epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminates to enhance their mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of GNPs/epoxy nanocomposite, such as ultimate tensile strength and flexure properties, were investigated. The fatigue life of epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminate with GPs-added 0.25 wt% was increased over that of neat laminates at all levels of cyclic stress. Consequently, significant improvement in the mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength, flexure, and fatigue life was attained for these epoxy resin composites and carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminates.
TL;DR: In this article, a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetetracarboxylic dianhydride/carbon nanotube (PTCDA/CNT) nanocomposite and its corresponding polymer nanocomposition poly(3, 4, 9, 10, 10-PERYLENETR-CARBYCLO-DIANHYDE/CARBODE) were produced, which could be used as organic cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Abstract: In this paper, a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride/carbon nanotube (PTCDA/CNT) nanocomposite and its corresponding polymer nanocomposite poly(3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride ethylene diamine)/carbon nanotube (PI/CNT) were produced, which could be used as organic cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Compared with PTCDA, PTCDA/CNT exhibited an enhanced rate capability, and the capacity was increased from 10 mA h g−1 to 115 mA h g−1 at 2 C. Polymerization can further increase the cycling stability of organic cathode materials. The capacity of the polymer nanocomposite PI/CNT remained at 93% after 300 cycles under a current of 100 mA g−1, while the capacity of PTCDA/CNT was only 74% after 300 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of these materials were ascribed to increased electronic conductivity of PTCDA due to the formation of composites with CNTs, and their decreased solubility in the electrolyte due to polymerization.
TL;DR: The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and work of fracture of the composite films were remarkably improved, despite low cellulose addition levels, and the highly efficient nanocomposite effect was explained in terms of achievement of nanodispersion states of the PEG-grafted cellulose nanofibrils in the PLLA matrix.
TL;DR: A thermodynamic analysis is proposed to estimate the dispersion energy, based on surface energy measurements at room and high temperatures, and a dispersion factor is defined to provide a quantitative indication of the dispersibility of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix under various conditions.
TL;DR: The role of functional groups on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) upon its ability to reinforce an epoxy resin has been investigated in this article, where both as-prepared (aGO) and base-washed graphene oxide(bwGO) fillers were incorporated into the epoxy resin matrix and the mechanical properties of different nanocomposites were investigated.
TL;DR: An enhanced interfacial polarization mechanism between the BT-HBP and the polymer matrix was suggested for understanding the observed unusually high dielectric constant.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites with the dielectric constant comparable to that of percolative composites are successfully prepared by using core–shell structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grafted barium titanate (BT-HBP) hybrid nanofiller. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE-CFE) was used as the polymer matrix because of its high intrinsic dielectric constant and easy processability. The BT-HBP hybrid nanofiller were prepared by a solution polymerization of diaminobenzoic acid on the surface of amino-funcationalized BT nanoparticles. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the chemical structure of the hyperbranched aromatic polyamide and core-shell structure of the hybrid filler, respectively. It was found that the nanocomposite with 40 vol % BaTiO3–HBP had a dielectric constant of 1485.5 at 1000 Hz, whereas the corresponding nanocomposite sample with untreated BaTiO3 only showed a dielectric constant of 206...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of multiscale modeling and simulation methods that can be applied to polymer nanocomposites is presented, highlighting the application of these methods in various aspects, including structures, dynamics and properties of polymeric polymers.