Showing papers on "Power station published in 2011"
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of providing worldwide energy for all purposes (electric power, transportation, heating/cooling, etc.) from wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) was analyzed.
1,299 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the feasibility of providing all energy for all purposes (electric power, transportation, and heating/cooling), everywhere in the world, from wind, water, and the sun (WWS).
708 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Compromise Ranking method is combined with the Analytical Hierarchy Process for weighting the importance of the different criteria, which allows decision-makers to assign these values based on their preferences.
526 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an aggregated electric vehicle (EV)-based battery storage representing a V2G system is modeled for the use in long-term dynamic power system simulations, and the results show that the regulation needs from conventional generators and the power deviations between West Denmark and Union for the Coordination of Electricity Transmission (UCTE) control areas are significantly minimized by the faster up and down regulation characteristics of the EV battery storage.
Abstract: The Danish power system is characterized by a large penetration of wind power. As the nature of the wind power is unpredictable, more balancing power is desired for a stable and reliable operation of the power system. The present balancing power in Denmark is provided mostly by the large central power plants followed by a number of decentralized combined heat and power units and connections from abroad. The future energy plans in Denmark aim for 50% wind power capacity integration which will replace many conventional large power plant units. The limited control and regulation power capabilities of large power plants in the future demands for new balancing solutions like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. In this paper, aggregated electric vehicle (EV)-based battery storage representing a V2G system is modeled for the use in long-term dynamic power system simulations. Further, it is analyzed for power system regulation services for typical days with high and low wind production in the Western Danish power system. The results show that the regulation needs from conventional generators and the power deviations between West Denmark and Union for the Coordination of Electricity Transmission (UCTE) control areas are significantly minimized by the faster up and down regulation characteristics of the EV battery storage.
364 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the design of a solar organic Rankine cycle being installed in Lesotho for rural electrification purpose, which consists of parabolic trough solar thermal collectors, a storages tank, and a small-scale ORC engine using scroll expanders.
351 citations
TL;DR: The history, current status, investment cost, employment, industry and installation of offshore wind energy in Europe are investigated in detail, and also compared to its onshore counterpart as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Wind power, as a renewable source of energy, produces no emissions and is an excellent alternative in environmental terms to conventional electricity production based on fuels such as oil, coal or natural gas. At present, the vast majority of wind power is generated from onshore wind farms. However, their growth is limited by the lack of inexpensive land near major population centers and the visual pollution caused by large wind turbines. Comparing with onshore wind power, offshore winds tend to flow at higher speeds than onshore winds, thus it allows turbines to produce more electricity. Estimates predict a huge increase in wind energy development over the next 20 years. Much of this development will be offshore wind energy. This implies that great investment will be done in offshore wind farms over the next decades. For this reason, offshore wind farms promise to become an important source of energy in the near future. In this study, history, current status, investment cost, employment, industry and installation of offshore wind energy in Europe are investigated in detail, and also compared to its onshore counterpart.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief revision of the state of the art of offshore wind power is presented, followed by a critical discussion about the causes of the recently growth that is currently happening.
318 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation model that reproduces the performance of parabolic trough solar thermal power plants with a thermal storage system is presented to facilitate the prediction of the electricity output of these plants during the various stages of their planning, design, construction and operation.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-part storage system is proposed where a phase change material (PCM) storage will be deployed for the two-phase evaporation, while concrete storage is used for storing sensible heat.
258 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the storage and balancing needs of a simplified European power system, which is based on wind and solar power generation only, are derived from an extensive weather-driven modeling of hourly power mismatches between generation and load.
254 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the contribution of solar thermal power to improve the performance of gas-fired combined cycles in very hot and dry environmental conditions is analyzed in order to assess the potential of this technique, and to feature Direct Steam Generation (DSG) as a well suited candidate for achieving very good results in this quest.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the operation of the Irish power system with and without pumped storage and found that the main benefit from storage is a decrease in wind curtailment. But, they did not consider the effect of storage on wind power generation.
TL;DR: An extended energy hub model is presented which additionally takes into account the possibility of performing DSM with the load connected to the hub output, and the energy hub's ability to flexibly adapt its output to uncertain and volatile market prices is explicitly considered.
Abstract: In this paper, a financial valuation method for energy hubs with conversion, storage, and demand-side management (DSM) capabilities is proposed. An energy hub is an integrated system of units, e.g., a combined heat and power plant and a heat storage, which allows the conversion and storage of multiple energy carriers. In this paper, an extended energy hub model is presented which additionally takes into account the possibility of performing DSM with the load(s) connected to the hub output. Taking into account the energy hub's flexibility to change its output power(s), its economic value is determined with a method based on Monte Carlo simulation. This method calculates an optimal dispatch of the hub for a large amount of possible price paths of the input and output energy carriers. By means of the proposed energy hub Monte Carlo valuation model, integrated systems of multi-energy conversion and storage devices can be valued together with load management schemes. In doing so, the energy hub's ability to flexibly adapt its output to uncertain and volatile market prices is explicitly considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of an organic rankine cycle (ORC) heat recovery power plant using R134a as working fluid is presented, where mathematical models for the expander, evaporator, air cooled condenser and pump are developed to evaluate and optimize the plant performance, and the relationship between controlled variables (optimal relative working fluid mass flow rate, the optimal relative condenser fan airmass flow rate) and uncontrolled variables (the heat source temperature and the ambient dry bulb temperature) are near liner function for maximizing system net power generation and quadratic function
TL;DR: In this article, the use of supercritical and transcritical carbon dioxide cycles for this application is proposed, and three different cycles are considered, the first two are stand-alone closed cycle gas turbines using carbon dioxide, the third proposal is a combined cycle that comprises a topping carbon dioxide gas turbine and a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive thermodynamic and exergoeconomic modeling of a Gas Turbine (GT) power plant is presented, where a multi-objective optimization is performed to find the best design variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the technical and economical feasibility of wind turbine installation is presented and the potential of wind power generation in Kerman province in Iran is analyzed. But, it is not an appropriate place for construction of large-scale wind power plants, but is suitable for employment of off-grid electrical and mechanical wind driven systems.
Abstract: Climate change, global warming, and the recent worldwide economic crisis have emphasized the need for low carbon emissions while also ensuring economic feasibility. In this paper, the status and wind power potential of the city of Shahrbabak in Kerman province in Iran was investigated. The technical and economical feasibility of wind turbine installation is presented. The potential of wind power generation was statistically analyzed. The mean wind speed data of three-hour interval long term period from 1997 to 2005 was adopted and analyzed in order to determine the potential of wind power generation. The numerical values of the dimensionless Weibull shape parameter ( k ) and Weibull scale parameter ( c ) were determined. Annual values of “ k ” ranged from 1.725 to 1.930 with a mean value of 1.504, while annual values of “ c ” were in the range of 4.848–6.095 with a mean value of 5.314 (m/s). With the average wind power density of 100 W/m 2 , it is found that the city is not an appropriate place for construction of large-scale wind power plants, but is suitable for employment of off-grid electrical and mechanical wind driven systems. An economic evaluation was done in order to show feasibility of installing small wind turbines. It was concluded that it costs 18 cents for 1 kW h which is 5 cents more than the market price. Each turbine of 10 kW can supply power for icebox, washer, water pump, TV, lighting, electrical fan, charger, and air conditioning units for small houses. In order to utilize wind energy in the region, it is recommended to install small size wind turbines for electricity supply of public and public buildings and private houses.
TL;DR: In this paper, potential routes for the capture, transport and storage of CO2 from United Kingdom (UK) power plants are examined, based on Pulverised Coal, Natural Gas Combined Cycle, and Integrated (coal) Gasification Combined Cycle power stations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of a preheater and a gas turbine power plant in Iran with the results of a sensitivity analysis of the results to the interest rate as well as fuel cost.
Abstract: In this study, the gas turbine power plant with preheater is modeled and the simulation results are compared with one of the gas turbine power plants in Iran namely Yazd Gas Turbine. Moreover, multiobjective optimization has been performed to find the best design variables. The design parameters of the present study are selected as: air compressor pressure ratio (rAC), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηAC), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηGT), combustion chamber inlet temperature (T3) and gas turbine inlet temperature. In the optimization approach, the exergetic, economic and environmental aspects have been considered. In multiobjective optimization, the three objective functions, including the gas turbine exergy efficiency, total cost rate of the system production including cost rate of environmental impact and CO2 emission, have been considered. The thermoenvironomic objective function is minimized while power plant exergy efficiency is maximized using a genetic algorithm. To have a good insight into this study, a sensitivity analysis of the results to the interest rate as well as fuel cost has been performed. In addition, the results showed that at the lower exergetic efficiency in which the weight of thermoenvironomic objective is higher, the sensitivity of the optimal solutions to the fuel cost is much higher than the location of Pareto Frontier with the lower weight of thermoenvironomic objective. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
21 Apr 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined turbine power generation data, segregated by atmospheric stability, in order to investigate power performance dependences at a West Coast North American wind farm and found that the power generated at a given wind speed is higher under stable conditions and lower under strongly convective conditions.
Abstract: The power generated by a wind turbine largely depends on the wind speed. During time periods with identical hub-height wind speeds but different shapes to the wind profile, a turbine will produce different amounts of power. This variability may be induced by atmospheric stability, which affects profiles of mean wind speed, direction and turbulence across the rotor disk. Our letter examines turbine power generation data, segregated by atmospheric stability, in order to investigate power performance dependences at a West Coast North American wind farm. The dependence of power on stability is clear, regardless of whether time periods are segregated by three-dimensional turbulence, turbulence intensity or wind shear. The power generated at a given wind speed is higher under stable conditions and lower under strongly convective conditions: average power output differences approach 15%. Wind energy resource assessment and day ahead power forecasting could benefit from increased accuracy if atmospheric stability impacts were measured and appropriately incorporated in power forecasts, e.g., through the generation of power curves based on a range of turbulence regimes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe possible implementations of an oxygen transport membrane (OTM) into an oxyfuel process, in particular that is three-end and four-end integration of the membrane whereby the focus is put on overall cycle efficiency and possible measures to improve cycle efficiency.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of solar radiation and pressure drop across the turbine on the air flow, heat transfer, and power output characteristics of a solar chimney power plant model with energy storage layer and turbine similar to the Spanish prototype were carried out, and mathematical model of flow and heat transfer for the solar CHP system was established.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the greenhouse gas emissions for energy generated from forest resources through pyrolysis-based processing, and the effects of biomass transportation were investigated through a range of distances to a central pyrolynsis facility through road transport by semi-truck.
TL;DR: In this paper, an aqueous ammonia-based post combustion capture (PCC) process was used in a pilot plant at Munmorah black coal fired power station in Australia.
Abstract: Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and Delta Electricity have tested an aqueous ammonia based post combustion capture (PCC) process in a pilot plant at Munmorah black coal fired power station. This paper presents and discusses the experimental results obtained and primarily focuses on the desorption section.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the medium-or low-temperature solar heat can be used to generate power efficiently by integrating into conventional coal-fired power plants by using a regenerative Rankine cycle to pre-heat feedwater.
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model based on the Navier-Stokes, continuity and energy equations was developed to describe the solar chimney power plant mechanism in detail, and two different numerical simulations were performed for the geometry of the prototype in Manzanares, Spain.
23 Feb 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of current ramp definitions and state-of-the-art approaches in ramp event forecasting, which is a critical issue when large amounts of wind power are incorporated into a grid system.
Abstract: The increasing use of wind power as a source of electricity poses new challenges with regard to both power production and load balance in the electricity grid. This new source of energy is volatile and highly variable. The only way to integrate such power into the grid is to develop reliable and accurate wind power forecasting systems. Electricity generated from wind power can be highly variable at several different timescales: sub-hourly, hourly, daily, and seasonally. Wind energy, like other electricity sources, must be scheduled. Although wind power forecasting methods are used, the ability to predict wind plant output remains relatively low for short-term operation. Because instantaneous electrical generation and consumption must remain in balance to maintain grid stability, wind power's variability can present substantial challenges when large amounts of wind power are incorporated into a grid system. A critical issue is ramp events, which are sudden and large changes (increases or decreases) in wind power. This report presents an overview of current ramp definitions and state-of-the-art approaches in ramp event forecasting.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical relationship between the gas turbine's ability to generate power when exposed to site ambient conditions, such as the ambient temperature, which differ from ISO conditions, was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, an economic and environmental evaluation of chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology is presented by comparing it with a reference plant, a combined cycle power plant that includes no CO2 capture.
24 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a recent investigation of system frequency response in the Western US as it may be affected by large amounts of wind generation is presented, and the impacts and benefits of wind plant controls that provide frequency response are illustrated with quantitative examples.
Abstract: Grid integration of wind power plants is complicated by a number of issues, primarily related to wind variability and the electrical characteristics of wind generators. Frequency control is a particularly significant issue with high levels of wind and solar penetration. A typical wind plant appears to the grid as a substantially different generation source than a conventional power plant. A significant difference is that the wind energy source is inherently uncontrollable. In addition, the electrical characteristics of wind generators result in a disturbance response that is naturally different from that of conventional synchronous generators. Without special controls, a wind plant does not inherently participate in the regulation of grid frequency as do synchronous machines. And, when wind generation displaces conventional synchronous generation, the burden of frequency regulation placed upon the remaining synchronous generators is increased. The paper summarizes results from a recent investigation of system frequency response in the Western US as it may be affected by large amounts of wind generation. Impacts and benefits of wind plant controls that provide frequency response are illustrated with quantitative examples. Both inertial and primary frequency response behaviors are examined.