Showing papers on "Total petroleum hydrocarbon published in 2018"
TL;DR: This study indicated that nutrient-induced community dynamics of native microorganisms and their metabolic interplay within oil refinery sludge could be a driving force behind accelerated bioremediation.
199 citations
TL;DR: Results show that the efficiency of alkaline activated persulfate to remediate an aged diesel fuel contaminated soil from a train maintenance facility is effective for the remediation of aged diesel in soil with alkaline pH.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study focused on phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in spiked contaminated soil amended with biochar (5% v/v), and compost (5%) and showed that the combined use of compost, biochar and bacterial consortia as soil amendments may enhance the rhizoresmediation potential of ryegrass by strengthening the plant rhizospheric effect.
108 citations
TL;DR: The results show that 50.9% carbon was recovered in oil, whose quality even exceeds that of crude oil, indicating that fast pyrolysis is a viable and cost-effective method for PCS remediation.
Abstract: Petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) caused by the accidental release of crude oil into the environment, which occurs frequently during oil exploitation worldwide, needs efficient and cost-effective remediation. In this study, a fast pyrolysis technology was implemented to remediate the PCS and concurrently recover the oil. The remediation effect related to pyrolytic parameters, the recovery rate of oil and its possible formation pathway, and the physicochemical properties of the remediated PCS and its suitability for planting were systematically investigated. The results show that 50.9% carbon was recovered in oil, whose quality even exceeds that of crude oil. Both extractable total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and water-soluble organic matter (SOM) in PCS were completely removed at 500 °C within 30 min. The remaining carbon in remediated PCS was determined to be in a stable and innocuous state, which has no adverse effect on wheat growth. On the basis of the systematically characterizations of initial PCS a...
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced electrokinetics technology was developed to decontaminate a hydrocarbon-heavy metal co-contaminated soil by applying biostimulation and selective membranes (cationic and anionic).
79 citations
TL;DR: Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia classes, within bacterial community, and undescribed/novel groups, within fungal community, proved to be actively involved in TPH removal in natural attenuation and biostimulation at both temperatures.
Abstract: The study of microbial communities involved in soil bioremediation is important to identify the specific microbial characteristics that determine improved decontamination rates. Here, we characterized bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities in terms of (i) abundance (using quantitative PCR) and (ii) taxonomic diversity and structure (using Illumina amplicon sequencing) during the bioremediation of long-term hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from an Alpine former military site during 15 weeks comparing biostimulation (inorganic NPK fertilization) vs. natural attenuation and considering the effect of temperature (10 vs. 20 °C). Although a considerable amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) loss could be attributed to natural attenuation, significantly higher TPH removal rates were obtained with NPK fertilization and at increased temperature, which were related to the stimulation of the activities of indigenous soil microorganisms. Changing structures of bacterial and fungal communities significantly explained shifts in TPH contents in both natural attenuation and biostimulation treatments at 10 and 20 °C. However, archaeal communities, in general, and changing abundances and diversities in bacterial and fungal communities did not play a decisive role on the effectiveness of soil bioremediation. Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia classes, within bacterial community, and undescribed/novel groups, within fungal community, proved to be actively involved in TPH removal in natural attenuation and biostimulation at both temperatures.
64 citations
TL;DR: Bioremediation using the hydrocarbonoclastic microbial consortium can be considered as an environmentally friendly process for disposal of tank bottom oil sludge from petroleum oil refining industry.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR17 was utilized to evaluate its efficiency in enhancement of bioremediation of oil contaminated soil.
63 citations
TL;DR: To the author's knowledge, this is among the first studies to report the successful large scale biodegradation of TPH-contaminated groundwater (18,000 L per treatment session) at an offshore petrochemical facility.
61 citations
TL;DR: Information on the biodegradation of oil spill residues by the bacterial community revealed in this study will be useful in developing strategies for bioremediation of crude oil dispersed in the marine ecosystem.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a serial moving bed biofilm reactor was introduced and used to remove petroleum pollutants from wastewater, and the results showed that decreasing influent total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and increasing retention time and media filling ratio led to a decline in the food to microorganism ratio, and thereby improved removal efficiency of pollutants.
TL;DR: The indication was that bioaugmentation of halophyte can help to mitigate the adverse effects on the effectiveness of bioremediation in a crude oil-contaminated saline soil.
TL;DR: This study selected an optimal hydrogen peroxide concentration of 5%, which is capable of treating diesel oil contaminated soil following biodegradation without supplementary iron, to deliver chemical oxidant and oil-degrading microbes to unsaturated soil for 30 days.
TL;DR: AR addition significantly improved both the biotic and abiotic conditions of petroleum-contaminated soil without other additives, and is a cost-effective, easy-to-use method facilitating in situ large-scale application while simultaneously recycling huge amounts of AR from landfills.
TL;DR: After Deepwater Horizon oil reached the Florida coast, oil was buried in Pensacola Beach (PB) sands to ~70cm depth, resulting in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon concentrations up to ~2kg per meter of beach, and the decomposition of the buried oil and the factors influencing its degradation were followed.
TL;DR: “chemical fingerprint” indicators, such as low to high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) hydrocarbons, carbon preference index (CPI), and pristine/phytane (Pr/Ph), further confirmed the presence of heavy petroleum contamination and weathering.
Abstract: This study evaluated petroleum contamination in the Yanchang (Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd.) oilfield, located in the loess plateau region of northern Shaanxi, China. Surface soil and sediment samples were collected from the wasteland, farmland, and riverbed in this area to assess the following parameters: total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and carbon isotope ratios (δ13C). The results showed that TPH and PAH levels in the study area were 907-3447 mg/kg and 103.59-563.50 μg/kg, respectively, significantly higher than the control samples (TPH 224 mg/kg, PAHs below method quantification limit, MQL). Tests using δ13C to detect modified TPH (2238.66 to 6639.42 mg/kg) in the wastelands adjacent to the oil wells revealed more significant contamination than tests using extraction gravimetric analysis. In addition, "chemical fingerprint" indicators, such as low to high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) hydrocarbons, carbon preference index (CPI), and pristine/phytane (Pr/Ph), further confirmed the presence of heavy petroleum contamination and weathering. This has resulted in a nutrient imbalance and unsuitable pH and moisture conditions for microbial metabolic activities. This study evaluates petroleum contamination, which can inform contamination remediation on a case by case basis.
27 Apr 2018
TL;DR: This work enriched a halophilic consortium from oil-polluted saline soil, which is capable of degrading diesel as the main pollutant of oil-based drill cuttings, to suggest that the bioaugmentation strategy would be more successful if the diluting agent does not contain a complex microbial community.
Abstract: Oil-based drill cuttings are hazardous wastes containing complex hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and brine. Their remediation is a crucial step before release to the environment. In this work, we enriched a halophilic consortium, from oil-polluted saline soil, which is capable of degrading diesel as the main pollutant of oil-based drill cuttings. The degradation ability of the consortium was evaluated in microcosms using two different diluting agents (fine sand and biologically active soil). During the bioremediation process, the bacterial community dynamics of the microcosms was surveyed using PCR amplification of a fragment of 16S rRNA gene followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The diesel degradation rates were monitored by total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) measurement and the total count of heterotrophic and diesel-degrading bacteria. After 3 months, the microcosm containing fine sand and drill cuttings with the ratio of 1:1 (initial TPH of 36,000 mg/kg) showed the highest TPH removal (40%) and its dominant bacterial isolates belonged to the genera Dietzia, Arthrobacter, and Halomonas. DGGE results also confirmed the role of these genera in drill cuttings remediation. DGGE analysis of the bacterial diversity showed that Propionibacterium, Salinimicrobium, Marinobacter, and Dietzia are dominant in active soil microcosm; whereas Bacillus, Salinibacillus, and Marinobacter are abundant in sand microcosm. Our results suggest that the bioaugmentation strategy would be more successful if the diluting agent does not contain a complex microbial community.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that vis-NIR is a promising tool for rapid site investigation of weathered oil contamination in soils and for TPH monitoring without the need of collecting soil samples and lengthy hydrocarbon extraction for further quantification analysis.
TL;DR: Robust empirical models describing the relationships between TPH and any of the risk parameters were generated such that TPH can be used in predicting therisk parameters for spillage peculiar to petroleum products.
TL;DR: In this article, the level of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) pollution and their distribution in soil and surface water at the Wonocolo public crude oil fields were measured using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer.
Abstract: Public crude oil fields in Wonocolo sub-district were active from 1942 until now and have inadequately operated. The aims of this research were to measure the level of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) pollution and their distribution in soil and surface water at the Wonocolo public crude oil fields. Twelve composite soil samples were collected from uncontaminated and contaminated sites of old well (OW), transportation line (T), and refinery area (R) at the depths of 0–30 cm, 30–60 cm, and 60–90 cm. The composite surface water sample was obtained from two points with different distances from the river side. TPH from soil and surface water samples were extracted using soxhlet and gravimetric method. Quantification of TPH was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer. From the results of this study, it was concluded that soils and surface water are contaminated by TPH of 119.80–107,190 μg/g and 211,025.73 μg/L, respectively. TPH is clearly located in the upper of 0–30 cm depth at OW, T, and R sites (52,328.14–107,189.63 μg/g). These concentrations exceeded the soil quality standard of TPH and classified as category A for human hazard risk. The findings from this study show that there are considerable health risks which are potentially poisonous to humans in the local area. We recommend that remediation could be conducted using biological methods to reduce TPH pollution level.
TL;DR: Compared to other polymer- and surfactant-based treatment methods, this system requires less mobilizing agent, sorbent, and mixing time and is both efficient and sustainable because the biopolymer is re-useable and sourced from renewable crops and polystyrene beads are obtained from recycled materials.
01 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the biostimulation potentials of carrot peel waste and carob kibbles for bioremediation of crude petroleum-oil polluted soil were investigated.
Abstract: The biostimulation potentials of carrot peel waste and carob kibbles for bioremediation of crude petroleum-oil polluted soil were investigated. Temperature, pH, moisture, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and changes in microbial counts during 45 days were monitored when 4 mL of carrot peel waste or carob kibbles media were added to 200 g of crude oil polluted soil samples. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to compare hydrocarbon present in the crude oil polluted soil and in pure fuel, composition of crude oil polluted soil was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the TPH was measured by distillation using distiller mud. The results showed that, at the end of experiments, the concentration of TPH decreased in crude oil polluted soil containing carrot peel waste with a percentage of 27 ± 1.90% followed by crude oil polluted soil containing carob kibbles (34 ± 1.80%) and in the unamended control soil (36 ± 1.27%), respectively. The log [Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g] of total heterotrophic bacteria in the crude oil polluted soil increased from 10.46 ± 0.91 to 13.26 ± 0.84 for carrot peel waste, from 11.01 ± 0.56 to 11.99 ± 0.77 for carob kibbles and from 8.18 ± 0.39 to 8.84 ± 0.84 for control, respectively. Such results demonstrated that carrot peel could be used to enhance activities of the microbial hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria during bioremediation of crude petroleum-oil polluted soil.
TL;DR: The overall data has shown a high level of pollution and that bioremediation enhanced proliferation of HUF with concomitant pollutants attenuation is shown.
TL;DR: The first report of biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons by endophytic fungi in a tropical ecosystem is reported, suggesting these fungal isolates are potential hydrocarbon biodegraders that could be used in bioremediation processes.
Abstract: The capacity of 133 fungal endophyte isolates for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated. The endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem tissues from 23 plants collected in a natural habitat contaminated with crude oil in southwestern Ecuador. Their capacity for hydrocarbon biodegradation was tested by an in vitro colorimetric qualitative test during 10 days, using the Minimal Salt Medium and crude oil as the carbon source. Taxonomic identification of the endophytic fungi that showed bioactivity in the qualitative test was carried out by analysis of the ITS gene of the region 18S of the rDNA. Endophytes showed the best results in the previous qualitative test where selected for a quantitative in vitro test for 30 days. Residual hydrocarbons were tracked by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector. The maximum removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 99.6% (IR) and 99.8% (GC), corresponding to fungi of the genus Verticillium sp. and Xylaria sp. 1 respectively. This is the first report of biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons by endophytic fungi in a tropical ecosystem. The results suggest these fungal isolates are potential hydrocarbon biodegraders that could be used in bioremediation processes.
TL;DR: T. latifolia is a good candidate plant to be used in VSSF CWs for polishing secondary refinery wastewater in developing countries, and good translocation ability (TF) for TPH, phenol, oil and grease, and TN, with the exception of TP which was mainly retained in their roots.
Abstract: Typha latifolia-planted vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs) and an unplanted microcosm constructed wetland were used for treating secondary refinery wastewater from the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC, Nigeria). Cow dung was applied to the planted wetlands at the start of the experiment and after 3 months to enhance plant growth and petroleum degradation. The T. latifolia-planted VSSF CWs removed 45–99% total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), 99–100% phenol, 70–80% oil and grease, 45–91% chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 46–88% total suspended solids (TSSs). The performance of the unplanted control VSSF CW achieved lower removal efficiencies (15–58% TPH, 86–91% phenol, 16–44% oil and grease, 24–66% COD, and 20–55% TSS). T. latifolia plants had a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) > 1 for phenol, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphate (TP), suggesting a high removal performance for these contaminants and good translocation ability (TF) for TPH, phenol, oil and grease, and TN, with the exception of TP which was mainly retained in their roots (BAF = 47). This study showed T. latifolia is a good candidate plant to be used in VSSF CWs for polishing secondary refinery wastewater in developing countries.
TL;DR: The results confirmed that the study site was slightly contaminated and that TPH levels were decreasing slightly, and some of the physicochemical variables showed regular fluctuations; DO, Fe3+, and SO42− contents decreased gradually, while the concentrations of one of the microbial degradation products, HCO3−, increased.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate a petroleum-contaminated groundwater site in northeast China. We determined the physicochemical properties of groundwater that contained total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) with a view to developing a scientifically robust strategy for controlling and remediating pollution of groundwater already contaminated with petroleum. Samples were collected at regular intervals and were analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), iron (Fe3+), sulfate (SO42-), electrical conductivity (Eh), pH, hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-), and enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (HRP), catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O), and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). We used factor analysis in SPSS to determine the main environmental characteristics of the groundwater samples. The results confirmed that the study site was slightly contaminated and that TPH levels were decreasing slightly. Some of the physicochemical variables showed regular fluctuations; DO, Fe3+, and SO42- contents decreased gradually, while the concentrations of one of the microbial degradation products, HCO3-, increased. Microorganism enzyme activities decreased gradually. The microbiological community deteriorated noticeably during the natural attenuation process, so microbiological degradation of pollutants receded gradually. The HCO3- content increased and the pH and Eh decreased gradually. The groundwater environment tended to be reducing.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of water content variation on the rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from a contaminated soil was reported. But the frequency of water restoration, however, was different for the samples.
Abstract: This study reports the effect of water content variation on the rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from a contaminated soil. For this purpose, four samples of the soil with weight of 2 kg were placed in identical beakers. The initial TPH content of the soil sample was 60 g kg-1, and the initial moisture content of the samples was adjusted to 60% of the field water holding capacity of the soil. The process of bioremediation was started by nutrient addition and inoculation of TPH degrading microorganisms to the soil. The water content of the samples was restored to the initial value intermittently by water addition. The frequency of water restoration, however, was different for the samples. For the first sample water was restored every two days, for the second sample every four days, for the third sample every 8 days, and finally for the fourth sample every 12 days. The process was continued for 90 days. Microbial counting showed that the number of total heterotrophic bacterial, and TPH degraders were increased significantly in all soil samples. Quantification of TPH residual in soil showed significant difference between the soil samples. For the soil sample with 2 day water restoration pattern, the TPH content decreased from 60 to 18.6 g kg-1. For other samples the degradation was significantly lower. For the soil sample with 12 day water restoration pattern the TPH content decreased from 60 to 42 g kg-1 during the process. A model was developed to predict moisture variation and TPH removal form the soil as a function of time. The model predicted the experimental reasonably well.
TL;DR: Investigating the effect of combining phytoremediation and composting on the efficiency of hydrocarbon degradation and lead solubility in a soil contaminated with used motor oil and lead demonstrates sustainable technologies, such as biological treatments, represent low-cost options for remediation; however, they are not frequently used because they require long periods of time for success.
Abstract: Used lubricant oils and metals can be common soil pollutants in abandoned sites. When soil is contaminated with various hazardous wastes, the efficiency of biological treatments could be affected. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of combining phytoremediation and composting on the efficiency of hydrocarbon degradation and lead solubility in a soil contaminated with 31,823 mg/kg of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from used motor oil and 8260 mg/kg of lead. Mexican cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) and yard trimmings were added in the composting process, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) was used in the phytoremediation process. After a 9 week composting process, only 13% of the initial TPH concentration was removed. The following 20 week phytoremediation process removed 48% of TPH. The highest TPH degradation percentage (66%), was observed in the experiment with phytoremediation only. This work demonstrates sustainable technologies, such as biological treatments, represent low-cost options for remediation; however, they are not frequently used because they require long periods of time for success.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that milk thistle had high potential for transferring Cd from root to shoot and reducing its concentration in the soil, and hadhigh potential for absorbing Cd in the soils contaminated with Cd and DO.
Abstract: Phytoremediation is a new ecological and cost-effective technology applied for cleaning heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated (TPH-contaminated) soils. This study was conducted ...
TL;DR: An aerated static pile ASP-bioreactor system made up of acrylic material dimension (60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm) was developed to examine the potential of single and microbial consortium of LIBeM to remediate oil sludge contaminated soil at different concentration levels as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An aerated static pile ASP-bioreactor system made up of acrylic material dimension (60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm) was developed to examine the potential of single and microbial consortium of LIBeM to remediate oil sludge contaminated soil at different concentration levels. Three different strains of LIBeM namely P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1, S. paucimobilis-ReTOS-Cr1 and S. maltophilia-RAS-Cr1 were used in this study was obtained from Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Five sets of experiment filled with 10 kg of soils contaminated with 5% and 10% of oil sludge were carried out as Treatment 1 (contaminated soil+P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1), Treatment 2 (contaminated soil+S. paucimobilis-ReTOS-Cr1), Treatment 3 (contaminated soil+S. maltophilia-RASCr1), Treatment 4 (contaminated soil+Microbial Consortium; P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1+S. paucimobilis-ReTOSCr1+ S. maltophilia-RAS-Cr1) and Treatment 5 (contaminated soil+indigenous bacteria in soil; NA). Their ability to degrade hydrocarbon in the soil was investigated during 60 days incubation periods. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out from each of the treatment and control plot on a weekly basis to check for pH, moisture content, temperatures and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The results showed that single strain P. aeruginosa- BAS-Cr1 has the highest oil degrading capacity compared to microbial consortium with 80% and 85.2% at both concentration studied. The percentage of TPH removal by P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1 is 3-fold higher than NA, thus confirmed that the addition of oil selective degrading bacteria was much better than the control plot. High degradation of long chain alkanes were observed between the control and treatment plot suggested that bioaugmentation using single and microbial consortium had decrease the level of oil sludge in contaminated soil.