Showing papers on "Transverse plane published in 1970"

Theory of the Prism–Film Coupler by Plane-Wave Analysis

Abstract: A laser beam can be coupled with high efficiency into a light-guiding thin film by means of a prism–film coupler. Basically this device is a totally reflecting prism, the light-guiding film being separated from the reflecting prism face by a narrow gap of reduced refractive index. This coupling scheme is analyzed in detail by the method of plane-wave expansion. It is shown how the coupling efficiency is determined by the competition between the desired coupling effect and the reverse effect of leakage. A general condition is derived under which the transverse profile of the input beam continues undistorted into the guide. The theory is illustrated for a gaussian beam, which allows a maximum coupling efficiency of 0.80.

Axial and transverse Stokes flow past slender axisymmetric bodies

Abstract: This paper deals with Stokes flow due to a stationary axially symmetric slender body in a uniform stream, which may be either parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the body. The effect of the body is represented by distributions of singularities along a segment of its axis of symmetry. Systems of linear integral equations for these distributions are obtained, and the first few terms of uniformly valid (in the Stokes region) asymptotic expansions in the slenderness ratio are discussed. The leading terms yield the expected result that the drag on the body in a transverse stream is double that in an axial stream. The second approximation to the ratio of these two drags is also independent of the body shape.

Stability of a Plane Parallel Flow with Variable Vertical Shear and Unstable Stratification

Abstract: A study is made of stability properties of perturbations superimposed on an unstably stratified plane parallel flow with variable vertical shear. Two different types of instability which may take place in the flow are found: one is a thermal instability modified by a shear flow, and the other is an inertial instability modified by a thermal stratification. Unstable perturbations of the thermal type are distinguished from those of the inertial type in terms of the Richardson number. The thermal instability is most favorable for development of a three-dimensional longitudinal perturbation whose wavelength in the direction parallel to the basic flow is much longer than that in the direction perpendicular to the basic flow. A preferred perturbation of the inertial instability, however, is of a two-dimensional transverse mode. Amplification of transverse perturbations of thermal origin is reduced by the influence of a shear flow regardless of the presence of variable shear in the basic flow. We conclude that a shear flow in general is responsible for the formation of longitudinal convection roll, and a variable shear slightly affects characteristics of thermal instability of a constant shear flow.

Seismic Waves in a Quarter and Three-Quarter Plane

Abstract: Summary The complete motion of an elastic quarter plane and of a three-quarter plane with free boundaries caused by an explosive point source, is obtained by finite difference methods. Varying ratio β/α of the shear to compressional wave velocity shows that in the quarter plane the amplitude of motion at the corner increases with increasing β/α, in the three-quarter plane it decreases. The motion in the quarter plane differs from the sum of reflections at perpendicular half planes. The amplitude of diffracted P waves varies mainly with distance from the corner. The amplitude of diffracted S waves varies mainly in angular direction. Corner-generated surface waves and elliptical particle motion in the waves are analysed. At the corner of a quarter plane, the amplitude of the Rayleigh wave is three to five times as large as on a half plane, the particle motion is elliptic and the major axes of the ellipses are inclined at 45° to the free surface.

Blowoff means for circuit breaker latch

Abstract: A circuit breaker having automatic fault responsive trip means for releasing a latch to permit the operating mechanism to open the contacts is provided with a baffle which extends into the arcing gas venting passage. The baffle is connected to the latch and is positioned transverse to the flow of arcing gases through the venting passage, so that upon the occurrence of severe overload conditions, rapid gas pressure buildup in the passage will act to move the baffle and thereby physically moving the latch toward tripping position prior to movement of the latch by the fault current responsive means.

Wall-pressure fluctuations beneath turbulent boundary layers on a flat plate and a cylinder

Abstract: Measurements of the turbulent pressure field on the outer surface of a 3 in. diameter cylinder aligned with the flow were made at a point approximately 24 ft. downstream of the origin of the turbulent boundary layer in an air stream of 145 ft./sec. The boundary-layer thickness was 2·78 in. and the Reynolds number based on momentum thickness was 2·62 × 104. The wall-pressure measurements were made with pressure transducers constructed from 0·06 in. diameter lead–zirconate–titanate disks mounted flush with the wall. The measurements including root-mean-square, power spectrum, and correlations of the wall pressure are compared with the existing experimental results for the turbulent pressure field beneath a plane boundary layer. The streamwise convection speed deduced from longitudinal space-time correlation measurements was almost identical to that obtained in the plane boundary layer. The rate of decay of the maxima of the space-time correlation of the pressure produced by the convected eddies was double that in a plane boundary layer. The longitudinal and transverse scales of the pressure correlation were approximately equal (in a plane boundary layer the transverse scale is larger than longitudinal scale) and were one-half or less than the longitudinal scale in the plane boundary layer. It is concluded that the effect of the transverse curvature of the wall is an overall reduction in size of pressure-producing eddies. The reduction in transverse scale of the larger eddies is greater than that of the smaller eddies. In general, the smaller eddies decay more rapidly and produce greater spectral densities at high frequencies owing to the unchanged convection speed.

Scattering by an Arbitrary Configuration of Parallel Circular Cylinders

Abstract: Scattering from two neighboring parallel circular cylinders is generalized to the case of an arbitrary ensemble of parallel, nonoverlapping, circular cylinders of arbitrary sizes An exact solution of Maxwell’s equations is given in terms of a transverse magnetic, and a transverse electric, scalar-potential function, from which the extinction, backscattering, and total-scattering cross sections are obtained, each as an infinite linear sum of the scattering-amplitude coefficients

Studies on the Structure of Human Enamel by the Replica Method

Abstract: Human incisors were ground and polished at precisely oriented planes and lightly etched. Replicas of these planes showed that the prism border is an acid-resistant band of crystals; decalcification is more extensive at the deeper levels; and the apparent transverse prism section is not a good indicator of the actual plane of section.

Apparatus for ascertaining and evaluating the transverse profile of the moisture content of moved webs of paper and the like

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the transverse profile of the moisture content of moving web material, especially paper, according to which individually and at least approximately simultaneously the moisture content at different areas across a moving web material is ascertained, and the thus obtained moisture content of the individual areas across the web to be measured are individually stored and conveyed to indicating means for controlling the moisture content of the respective web material.

Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in a Partially Dielectric Filled Circular Waveguide

Abstract: A circular waveguide partially filled with dielectric is considered as the deflecting structure for a relativistic particle separator. The cutoff wavelengths and normalized phase velocity versus frequency characteristics are presented. The expressions for power, losses, deflecting fields, and transverse deflecting forces are also given. Our investigation shows that the dominant (HEM11) mode of the structure can be used as a transverse deflecting mode for synchronous particles in a relativistic particle separator.

Multiple head ink drop graphic generator

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reproducing a graphic representation includes a scanner for scanning the original along a series of contiguous lines and transmitting an analog signal proportional to the intensity of the scanned area to an analog to digital convertor to provide a series of parallel, binary signals. Circuitry is provided which permits the digital signals to be stored and retrieved as a number of simultaneous signals from corresponding points in an equal number of transverse bands across the original. The retrieved digital signals are then used to control a bank of drop projectors, equal in number to the transverse bands, which project drops toward a receiving member mounted on a rotating cylinder, with the drop generators moving incrementally, axially of the cylinder, one line spacing each revolution of the cylinder to cause the reproduction to be produced as a series of contiguous, transverse bands corresponding to the transverse bands of the original.

Some aspects of the variation of the strain anisotropy in titanium

Abstract: Strain anisotropy in commercial purity titanium was studied between 77° and 973°K using the technique of Rittenhouse and Picklesimer. Both longitudinal and transverse tensile specimens were used that were machined from a plate with a strong alignment of the basal planes of the grains parallel to the rolling plane. The contractile strain along the transverse plate direction was always larger than that parallel to the rolling plane normal. The strain anisotropy was greatest at the highest temperature. With decreasing temperature it became smaller at an ever increasing rate. At 973°K the strain anisotropy was strain independent. At lower temperatures it decreased with increasing strain. It is believed that deformation twinning can account for most of the temperature and strain dependence of the strain anisotropy. Quantitative microstructure studies show good correspondence between changes in the volume fraction of twins and changes in the strain anisotropy. Transverse specimens exhibited a greater degree of strain anisotropy, and this is consistent with the original texture of the titanium plate used in this investigation.

Optical Phonons in Ga 1 − x Al x As Mixed Crystals: A Modified Random-Element Isodisplacement-Model Calculation

Abstract: The modified random-element isodisplacement model correctly predicts that ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ forms a "two-mode"-type mixed crystal. The model calculations agree very well with a recent infrared measurement of concentration dependence of long-wavelength longitudinal and transverse optic mode frequencies of the mixed-crystal system.

Post-Buckling of Rectangular Plates with Various Boundary Conditions

Abstract: The Dynamic Relaxation method is used to analyse the post-buckling of flat rectangular plates. Extensive results are obtained for two types of problem in which the transverse edges are unloaded; in one case the transverse edges remain straight, in the other they are free to wave. Comparisons are made with alternative experimental and theoretical results. The potentiality of this approach to post-buckling problems is demonstrated by considering a variable thickness plate with mixed boundary conditions.

Transverse electrical conductivity of a relativistic gas in an intense magnetic field

Abstract: Degenerate relativistic electrons in intense magnetic field, computing transverse electrical conductivity

Electroanatomy of the corpus callosum radiation according to the facts of stereotactic stimulation in man.

Abstract: Following exploratory electrical stimulation varying portions of fibres of the Corpus callosum were coagulated in a group of epileptic patients in order to interrupt the interhemispheric spreading of electrical discharges. The stimulation experiments revealed that the central fibres of the Corpus callosum are arranged according to a somatotopic pattern somewhat similar to the topology of the second motor region. The transverse fibre connections of sensory modalities of either body side are located in the most posterior position, with the motor associations of the lower and upper limbs, and that of the face succeeding in this order along the sagittal plane. Stimulation of the fibres of the frontal portion results in inhibition of speech and thinking. Posteriorly to the motor and sensory region there appears to exist another area whose stimulation causes disrupted thinking.

Keeper configuration for a thin-film memory

Abstract: A magnetic memory device has a number of substantially parallel elongated memory elements arranged within a plane and extending transverse to and magnetically coupled with a group of conductors parallel to the plane. The conductors are disposed on a dielectric sheet spaced from the memory elements. A soft layer of magnetic material covers one side of the dielectric sheet. On the opposite side of the dielectric sheet, strips of soft magnetic material are disposed between the conductors. This side of the dielectric sheet is secured to the plane of memory elements.

Diffusion of electrons in silicon transverse to a high electric field

Abstract: A new method for directly measuring diffusion coefficients transverse to a high electric field has been applied to electrons in silicon at 300°K. For fields ranging up to 24 kV/cm, the transverse diffusion coefficient, as measured and determined by Monte Carlo calculation, indicates a drop from the zero field value D0 to approximately D0/2. The present results are subject to some uncertainty, but improved resolution appears to be attainable with maximum use of present technology.

High transverse momenta observed in air shower cores

Abstract: Evidence is presented from many sources for the occurrence of very high transverse momenta at energies above 1014 eV. These very high transverse momenta indicate the operation of a super-strong force. Detailed results are given of the last three years of operation of the Sydney 64-scintillator array and of Monte Carlo simulations of air showers. These are compared with the authors' earlier results and the results of other groups from 1953-70.

Integrated circuit extractor tool

Abstract: A hand tool is described for removing integrated circuit components or the like from printed circuit boards. The tool has a plierlike action for bringing a pair of heated jaws each provided with a flat electric resistance heater against the component leads for melting the solder attaching the component to the board. An adjustable stop prevents the heated jaws from contact and damaging the board. A pair of pincer jaws are mounted on one of the heated jaws so as to be movable in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the heated jaws. Cams on the pincer jaws are actuated by the other heated jaw to close the pincer jaw in response to closure of the heated jaws. The pincer jaws have a turned end for gripping beneath a component for lifting the component after the solder is melted.

Theory of Transverse Extension of Gunn Domains

Abstract: A theory describing the growth of Gunn domains transverse to their direction of travel is developed. This theory is based on a model in which the dipole moment of a domain causes the field immediately adjacent to its lateral edge to exceed the negative resistance threshold. As the dipole moment begins to build up there, it causes the field farther along the lateral dimension to exceed threshold. From this model the velocity of transverse domain growth can be calculated as a function of the bias field and the maximum domain field. The calculated values of about 108 cm·sec−1 are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data.

Many-body optics. IV, The total transverse response and ϵt(kω)

Abstract: For Pt III see ibid, vol 3, no 6, p 708 (1970) It is shown that besides the optical modes which can be excited by light there can be additional transverse electromagnetic modes in a molecular fluid These can be excited by incident transverse currents but are not then excited alone: it is shown that the total transverse optical response is composed of two parts, a translationally invariant part (the virtual response) in which k and omega are free, and a second part (the real response) which depends on the surface geometry

Vibration of an Aelotropic Spherical Shell

Abstract: In this paper, a separable homogeneous solution for the displacements and stresses in a freely vibrating deep spherical shell exhibiting spherical isotropy is derived. A six‐mode shell theory is proposed that includes the effects of shear deformation, rotary inertia, and transverse normal strain. The frequency spectra, corresponding to three different materials with varying degrees of anisotropy, are analyzed for two values of thickness‐to‐mean‐radius ratios. Also, open spherical shells under various boundary conditions are investigated and mode shapes are studied.

The stability of pipe flow. Part 1. Asymptotic analysis for small wave-numbers

Abstract: The instability of Poiseuille flow in a pipe is considered for small disturbances. An asymptotic analysis is used which is similar to that found successful in plane Poiseuille flow. The disturbance is taken to travel in a spiral fashion, and comparison of the radial velocity component with the transverse component in the plane case shows a high degree of similarity, particularly near the critical point where the disturbance and primary flow travel with the same speed. Instability is found for azimuthal wave-numbers of 2 or greater, although the corresponding minimum Reynolds numbers are too small to compare favourably with either experiments or the initial restrictions on the magnitude of the wave-number.

Omnidirectional tower supported antenna

Abstract: A combined dipole-loop antenna for bipolarized radio frequency signals. A dipole-loop is mounted on each face of an electrically large multi-faceted tower such as a triangular tower with the plane of the loop being perpendicular to the axis of the tower and transverse to the face plane of the tower with the dipole portion extending above and below the loop and parallel to the vertical axis with the loop portion encircling the transmission line and the dipole portion facing the tower.

Response of an Elastic Cylindrical Shell to a Transverse Acoustic Shock Wave in a Light Fluid Medium

Abstract: A plane acoustic step‐wave traveling through a light fluid medium impinges upon an infinite, elastic, circular cylindrical shell whose axis is parallel to the wavefront of the incident wave. Approximate analytical expressions are given for the post‐envelopment response of the first three modes of the shell appropriate to both a rigorous treatment of the fluid‐shell interaction and a treatment that disregards the effects of the scattered wave. These analytical expressions, plus numerical computations of modal pressures and of displacement and strain responses for an aluminum shell in air, show why neglect of the scattered wave is a poor approximation.

Multipurpose adjustable occlusal fork

Abstract: A horizontal bite plate support combined with a dental articulator which has a calibrated vertical post member and which has a connection to support a face bow in a position to establish the location of a patient''s transverse mandible hinge axis. The bite plate support has a calibrated elongated handle portion with a slide member on the handle portion slidably receiving and being clampingly engageable with the handle portion and also slidably receiving the vertical post member and being clampingly engageable therewith. The horizontal bite plate support has an inner plate member recessed to interlock with a smooth bite plate, whereby the bite plate can be positively supported in a horizontal position corresponding to the location of a patient''s occlusal area relative to his transverse mandible hinge axis.

Grave marking structure protective devices

Abstract: A protective device for grave marking structures including a unitary generally rectangular frame member having a generally rectangular inner opening. The frame member has two pairs of opposed substantially straight generally parallel sides. Each side is of substantially equal transverse width. Each side has an outer transverse section having a generally uniform thickness and an inner transverse section having an average thickness which is substantially less than the thickness of the outer transverse section. The outer transverse section having a greater transverse width than the inner transverse section. The outer transverse section may have a width of about 1 1/2 to 6 times the transverse width of the inner transverse section. The outer transverse section has a thickness of about 1 1/2 to 11 times the average thickness of the inner transverse section.