Showing papers on "UMTS frequency bands published in 2017"

The 3GPP NB-IoT system architecture for the Internet of Things

Abstract: The first version of the 3GPP NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) standards has been finalized in June 2016 as part of Release 13. NB-IoT is a promising new radio access technology which can coexist with existing GSM, UMTS and LTE deployments. In fact, NB-IoT specifications have been integrated into LTE standards. NB-IoT goes a step further than the MTC [3] (Machine Type Communication) specification, focusing on extremely low cost devices, massive deployments and reduced data rates with a carrier bandwidth of just 200 kHz (hence its name). In this paper we will take a close look at 3GPP specifications to discover which are the modifications required in traditional LTE deployments to provide connectivity to the upcoming Cat-NB1 User Equipments (UEs).

Interference Analysis for UAV Connectivity over LTE Using Aerial Radio Measurements

Abstract: The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for civilian and commercial services has experienced a significant increase in the past couple of years. Emerging UAV enabled services, however, require extended beyond-visual-line-of-sight geographical range. One key regulatory requirement for these services is that the radio communication link must reliably cover a wide(er) area, when compared to the visual-line-of-sight range radio links currently used. Standardized cellular systems such as Long Term Evolution UMTS (LTE), are an obvious candidate to provide the radio communication link to UAVs. In this paper, we use empirical measurements in live rural LTE networks to assess the impact of uplink and downlink radio interference on the UAV radio connectivity performance. Further, we provide a baseline analysis on the potential of interference mitigation schemes, needed to provide a reliable radio connectivity to the UAVs.

Prediction and QoS Enhancement in New Generation Cellular Networks With Mobile Hosts: A Survey on Different Protocols and Conventional/Unconventional Approaches

Abstract: Nowadays, interest in mobile communications is growing rapidly due to the high level of device development, which permits the achievement of good objectives in terms of quality of service (QoS) for user satisfaction during active data flows. The increasing mobile client populations use different mobile devices to access the wireless medium and many applications are being developed to satisfy eager client requirements. Independently on the considered architecture (WLAN, UMTS, LTE, etc.), mobility represents a great advantage for user comfort, but it needs to be managed in an adequate manner in order to avoid service disruptions or unacceptable degradation of the perceived quality. In this paper, the concept of cell-mobility prediction is considered and we show how the analysis of user behavior, in terms of mobility, can be exploited to enhance QoS levels in current communications among mobile hosts and base stations (coverage cells, in general). This paper surveys different unconventional approaches and protocols, showing how it is possible to consider in-advance bandwidth reservations to achieve service continuity, avoiding call droppings during active sessions. First, we present the importance of in-advance reserving in wireless cellular networks, then we discuss the existing protocols and approaches for determining the most suitable future cells.

Self-diagnosing and optimization of low coverage and high interference in 3G/4G: radio access networks

Abstract: Self-Organizing Networks (SON) solutions have been developed and implemented in the last years as a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) strategy to deal with the complexity of current networks. This research work, focuses on the self-optimization branch of SON solutions. It aims to empower a network with automatic capabilities for detecting and optimizing poor Radio Frequency (RF) performance scenarios. The detection and optimization of those scenarios, is based on Drive Test (DT) data. This leads to the development of a DT classification model to assert the quality of data collected through DT for a given cell, as it supports all decision making in terms of detection and optimization of poor RF situations. The DT model was calibrated with subjective testing in the form of inquiries made to fifty Radio Access Network (RAN) engineers. Three algorithms were implemented for detection of low coverage and high interference scenarios. Besides identifying and dividing into clusters the DT data that denotes each problem, harshness metrics at cell and cluster level allow to identify the most severe situations. Moreover, an antenna physical parameter optimization algorithm, based on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, is able to purpose new Electrical Downtilt (EDT), Mechanical Downtilt (MDT) or the antenna orientation to improve or fix the detected RF problems. All algorithms were tested with real MNO DT data and network topology, mainly on urban scenarios, where the detection and optimization is more critical for MNO. Regarding the detection algorithms, in urban scenario, it was established that the situations of high interference were more prevailing than the low coverage. The antenna self-optimization algorithm achieved an average gain of 78% on the tested cases.

A new wideband planar antenna with band-notch functionality at GPS, Bluetooth and WiFi bands for integration in portable wireless systems

Abstract: Empirical results are presented for a novel miniature planar antenna that operates over a wide bandwidth (500 MHz to 3.05G Hz). The antenna consists of dual-square radiating patches separated by two narrow vertical stubs to reject interferences from GPS, Bluetooth and WiFi bands. Radiating patches and stubs are surrounded by a ground-plane conductor, and the antenna is fed through a common coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPW-TL). The two vertical stubs generate pass-band resonances enabling wideband operation across the following communications standards: cellular, APMS, JCDMA, GSM, DCS, PCS, KPCS, IMT-2000, WCDMA, UMTS and WiMAX. Embedded in the ground-plane conductor is an H-shaped dielectric slit, which has been rotated by 90°, whose function is to reject interferences from GPS, Bluetooth and WiFi bands. Measurements results confirm the antenna exhibits notched characteristics at frequency bands of GPS (1574.4–1576.4 MHz), Bluetooth (2402–2480 MHz) and WiFi (2412–2483.5 MHz). The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 2.55G Hz for VSWR 3 .

The Feasibility of Coexistence Between 5G and Existing Services in the IMT-2020 Candidate Bands in Malaysia

Abstract: In 2015, the international telecommunication union (ITU) proposed 11 candidate millimeter-wave bands between 24 and 86 GHz for the deployment of future fifth mobile generation (5G) broadband systems. Furthermore, the ITU called for spectrum-sharing studies in these bands. Since 5G specifications are not yet defined, the utilization of radio spectrum by 5G mobile systems will assist in identifying these specifications. This paper introduces Malaysia as a case study for the deployment of 5G systems. This includes a discussion of the current status of the Malaysian telecommunication market. Then, we investigate the current services that are already deployed in the proposed bands. Our investigation shows that the fixed (F) service is the most deployed as a primary service in the candidate bands. For this reason, a preliminary spectrum-sharing study is conducted on the basis of a modified 5G spectrum-sharing model to evaluate the feasibility of coexistence between 5G and F services in the 28-GHz band. Our modified methodology can be used for spectrum-sharing studies between 5G and any other services for an initial spectrum-sharing investigation. The results show that the F service will be severely affected by the 5G system transition in the 28-GHz band, especially in the base station (BS)-to-BS sharing scenario. The best band from the perspective of current spectrum allocation for 5G systems is the 45-GHz (i.e., 45.5–47 GHz) band, since it is already reserved for mobile service for primary allocation and not utilized. This paper is carried out concurrently with current worldwide efforts investigating spectrum sharing, as requested by the ITU in agenda item 1.13 for the next world radio conference 2019.

Wideband Monopole Without Lumped Elements for Octa-Band Narrow-Frame LTE Smartphone

Abstract: A wideband monopole with a size of 8 × 70 × 5.8 mm3 for octa-band mobile phone is presented. The monopole antenna is mainly composed of a T-shape driven strip and a two-branch coupled parasitic ground strip (including a long branch and a short branch). The 0.25-λ resonant modes of the T-shape driven strip and the long branch of the coupled parasitic ground strip contribute to covering the LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 bands. Moreover, two 0.75-λ modes of the T-shape driven strip and the long branch and a 0.25-λ mode of the short branch contribute to covering the DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE2300/LTE2500 bands. The merit of the proposed antenna is to cover eight bands in the 2G/3G/4G bands without any lumped-element matching circuit under the condition of 8 mm nonground portion, which is suitable for the wideband narrow-frame smartphone applications. A prototype antenna is fabricated and tested. Good agreement is achieved between the measurement and simulation results.

Study of different resource allocation scheduling policy in advanced LTE with carrier aggregation

Abstract: The hugely increasing demand for mobile broadband access to internet based services will soon challenge even the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular technology and its future enhancements. The Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is an important issue in the mobility management of wireless femtocell networks of LTE technology. According to the scheduler allocates resources, required QoS of the user with use of Resource Blocks (RBs) based on the received channel condition feedback form the User Equipments (UEs) in the form of Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). There are several scheduling algorithms are existing, but fails to meet the QoS requirement simultaneously along with scheduling disciplines for communications for public safety users that are demanded to intervene in case of special events or in post disaster area where extremely high peaks of internet capacity required. The existing study on LTE Advanced (LTE-A) scheduling is mostly limited to unidirectional method of resource allocation in Uplink Link (UL) or Down Link (DL), separately. But, there are some works on the bidirectional UL-DL scheduling in other wireless technologies. There is scope of research in the upcoming years in UL-DL joint scheduling in LTE-A system. This paper deals with Study and understanding of the existing LTE system, mainly about the different resouce allocation methods to employed and proposes a new novel algorithm for both UL and DL scheduling of resources. The proposed work aims to bring the fairness among the end users with reduced delay.

A Solar Energy Solution for Sustainable Third Generation Mobile Networks

Abstract: The energy consumption of cellular networks has become increasingly important to cellular network operators, due to the significant economic and ecological influence of these networks in the future. The development of alternative energy technologies has resulted in the consideration of a solar powered base station (BS) as a long-term solution for the mobile cellular network industry, to reduce the operational expenditures and CO2 footprints of cellular networks. This study addresses the deployment and operational issues of a solar powered universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS; a third generation mobile cellular system) BS (i.e., Node B) that is currently deployed (i.e., UMTS Node B 2/2/2 and UMTS Node B 4/4/4). In addition, this study employs a hybrid optimization model for an electric renewable software simulator developed by the American National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Four key aspects are discussed in this study: optimal solar system architecture, energy production, the cash flow of the solar powered UMTS Node B project, and the economic feasibility of a solar powered system compared with traditional sources. Simulation results show that the proposed solution ensures 100% energy autonomy and long-term energy balance for the UMTS Node B, with cost effectiveness.

Practical Performance Analyses of Circuit-Switched Fallback and Voice Over LTE

Abstract: The Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a framework for delivering all-IP-based services. Voice via IMS has been defined as a possible solution from Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 5, prior to long-term evolution (LTE). However, the cost and immediate need for IMS services prevented operators from migration to IMS-based services, particularly with the wide presence of circuit-switched (CS) services offered in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. CS fallback (CSFB), which was introduced in 3GPP Release 8, enables the support of voice service without IMS. This is the common deployed scenario for many exiting LTE networks. Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is compulsory to offer rich communication services (RCS) via IMS, in addition to improving the performance of the already deployed CSFB voice solution. However, CSFB and VoLTE are still deployed concurrently, where operators can gradually roll out an LTE/IMS system, while still supporting 2G/3G fallback mechanism. It is, therefore, important to benchmark the performance of both solutions, highlight the deployment challenges, and study the impacts on the end-user experience. This paper provides performance analysis, deployment challenges, and comparisons between these voice solutions. This paper presents practical performance analysis, including end-to-end assessment of call setup delay under different radio conditions, main challenges impacting the in-call performance, as well as performance aspects of Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) and its evolution releases.

On the Path Management of Multi-path TCP in Internet Scenarios Based on the NorNet Testbed

Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet communications, there is a growing demand to support devices being connected to multiple Internet service providers simultaneously. For example, every modern smartphone already provides at least mobile broadband(UMTS, LTE) as well as Wi-Fi interfaces. This multi-homing property can be used for resilience, but there is also an increasing interest in making use of concurrent multi-path transport. That is, multiple network paths can be utilised simultaneously, in order to improve the payload throughput for applications like big data or cloud computing. In this paper, we examine the performance of multi-path transport in real-world Internet setups, based on Multi-Path TCP(MPTCP) in the NorNet testbed for multi-homed systems. However, systems in such challenging setups need proper configuration. Therefore, we particularly would like to highlight the performance impact of different path management and congestion control settings in such realistic scenarios.

Analysis of QoS of VoIP Traffic through WiFi-UMTS Networks.

Abstract: Simulation of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) traffic through UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and WiFi (IEEE 802.11x) alone and together are analysed for Quality of Service (QoS) performance. The average jitter of VoIP transiting the WiFi-UMTS network has been found to be lower than that of either solely through the WiFi and the UMTS networks. It is normally expected to be higher than traversing through the WiFi network only. Both the MOS (Mean Opinion Score) and the packet end-to-end delay were also found to be much lower than expected through the heterogeneous WiFi-UMTS network.

Intelligent cooperation management of multi-radio access technology towards the green cellular networks for the twenty-twenty information society

Abstract: An unprecedented increase in subscribers and demand for high-speed data are considered a critical step towards the new era of mobile wireless networks, i.e., Fifth Generation (5G), where the legacy mobile communication system will still be operational for a long time in the future. This has subsequently increased the overall energy consumption, operational costs and carbon footprint of cellular networks, due to increase the number of base stations (BSs), which consume the most energy. Switching BSs off/on in accordance with the traffic pattern variations is considered an effective method for improving energy efficiency. However, the main concerns from the network operators are the requirements to switched on/off the BSs, coverage issues and secured the radio service for the affected area. Hence, the main focus of this study is to develop an intelligent cooperation management (switch BSs on/off) within a multi-radio access technology (RAT) environment between a future generation 5G into the existing LTE and UMTS cellular network towards green cellular networks, while guaranteeing maximum cells coverage area during a switch off session. Particle swarm optimisation has been adopted in this study to maximize the cell coverage area under the constraints of the transmission power of the BS $$(P_{tx})$$(Ptx), the total antenna gain (G), the bandwidth (BW), the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and shadow fading $$(\sigma )$$(ź). Moreover, the modulation and coding scheme, the data rate, and the energy efficiency are considered. The results have shown that by applying the proposed a dynamic multi-RAT BSs switching off$$\backslash $$\on strategy according to the traffic load variations, the daily energy savings of up to 42.3% can be achieved, with guaranteed maximum cells coverage area.

A compact 3D antenna for automotive LTE MIMO applications

Abstract: A low-profile and compact 3D antenna operating at LTE, GSM and UMTS frequency bands (790–2690 MHz) is proposed for a vehicular 2×2 MIMO system. The performance of the single 3D radiating element is here analyzed. Then, the two-antenna system performance is analyzed in terms of impedance matching, isolation and envelope correlation coefficient, highlighting the effect of some geometrical parameters such as inter-element distance and reciprocal orientation. Preliminary measured results are presented.

A New Model of Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (GZRP): The Process of Load Balancing and Offloading on The UMTS-IEEE 802.11g Hybrid Networks

Abstract: The stages of the process of Genetic Algorithm (GA), are: Encoding Genotype and Chromosome; Set Initialization Population; Evaluation Fitness Function; and Selection Process as well as in the later stages Cross Over Process and Mutation. Outputs from the tests performed in this study can be obtained by comparing the Genes of the "Child" (condition data traffic on the UMTS Hybrid - 802.11g network after the GA) against Gen "Holding" (traffic data before the GA process). The research was conducted by calculating the environmental factors, namely: The scheme Two - Ray Model Propagation and Overlapping Channel Interference Factor, the Doppler Effect be ignored because the User Equipment (UE) is considered not to shift significant arenas on the IEEE 802.11g networks. The results of the research is as follows: In the process of cross over, there is a significant change in the bandwidth, data traffic capacity and Power parameter changes by 9 MHz, 36 MB, and 40 dBm. In the process of mutation, there is a significant change in the bandwidth, data traffic capacity, and Power parameter by 17 MHz, 32 MB, and 20 dBm.

Mobile data traffic forecasting in UMTS networks based on SARIMA model: The case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract: In planning, operating and developing mobile data networks, one crucial factor is the telecommunication demand that includes number of subscribers and their required service data rates. This demand should be predicted accurately to capture the subscribers' needs to create customer satisfaction. In the Ethiopian context, Ethio Telecom is the sole telecom service provider with over 50 million subscribers for now and is expanding its networks to reach over 100 million subscribers in the next few years. The mobile traffic forecasting approach used in Ethio Telecom, to the best of our knowledge, does not fully consider the data demand already recorded in its core network. This paper presents Seasonal Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model as an alternative way of forecasting Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) data traffic taking the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as a case study. The approach in this paper involves first investigating the past UMTS data traffic load collected from the operator's core network to find an appropriate model that describes the inherent characteristics of the data traffic and secondly, use the model for future prediction. Based on our findings, from the possible candidates SARIMA (2, 0, 1) × (0, 1, 1)7 is selected to be the best model with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.17% for 30 days forecast. In addition, the prediction performance comparison of SARIMA (2, 0, 1) × (0, 1, 1)7with respect to SARIMA (2, 0, 1) × (0, 1, 2)7 was done resulting in 4.1% of MAPE improvement. These findings will be useful for planning subsequent infrastructure expansions in a way that guarantees better customer satisfaction.

Four antennas on smart watch for GPS/UMTS/ WLAN MIMO application

Abstract: The paper presents a design with four antennas on smart watch for GPS/UMTS/WLAN MIMO application. The overall dimensions of the design are 40 mm × 40 mm × 5.4 mm. The size of the main ground plane is 40 mm × 40 mm × 0.4 mm. These antennas are using the coupled-fed architecture. They are fed by 50-ohm mini coaxial cable lines. The four antennas are placed vertically to the edges of the main ground plane. The GPS and UMTS antennas are designed as open slot antennas; the two WLAN antennas are designed as monopole antennas. The obtained bandwidths can cover the bands of GPS/UMTS/WLAN MIMO; the isolation between these antennas is larger than 15dB. The design covering UMTS (1.92–1.98 GHz, 2.11–2.17 GHz), GPS (1.575 GHz), MIMO WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz) and with compact and easy to design is good for antennas of smart watch devices.

A survey on microstrip antennas for portable wireless communication system applications

Abstract: In modern wireless communication, microstrip antennas are widely equipped in mobiles, laptops and other portable devices due to their advantages like small size, light weight, low cost and easy integration with planar structures. Moreover, the research evolution in these antennas, which are required for portable wireless communication system applications, is advancing day by day. So, it is essential to notice the research and improvements happening in the area of microstrip antennas for the intended applications. The main objective of this paper is to discuss numerous microstrip antennas for GSM, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX 2500 applications. The GSM applications cover GSM 900, GSM 1800 (DCS 1800) and GSM 1900 (PCS 1900) bands while the Wi-Fi applications cover 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz bands. Sometimes, these antennas also operate in various bands of GPS, LTE 2300, LTE 2600, UMTS and Wi-MAX 3500 along with the GSM, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX 2500 bands. This paper initially presents various conventional microstrip antennas that include single, dual, triple and multi band antennas. Then, it reports frequency reconfigurable narrow band antennas and finally multi-port microstrip antennas. It also explains merits and demerits of all antenna categories. Finally, this paper helps to explore and design suitable microstrip antennas for the required applications.

Learning Mobile Communications Standards through Flexible Software Defined Radio Base Stations

Abstract: Mobile communications are today widespread and contribute to the development of our society. Every day new devices include some means of wireless transmission, which is becoming ubiquitous with the Internet of Things. These systems are standardized by international organizations such as the IEEE, 3GPP, and ETSI, among others. Even though knowledge of wireless standards is key to the understanding of these systems, wireless communications are quite often taught in engineering degrees in a traditional way, without much emphasis on the standardization. Moreover, strong focus is often placed on the theoretical performance analysis rather than on practical implementation aspects. In contrast, most of the current applications make extensive use of mobile data, and the global users' satisfaction is highly correlated with the mobile data throughput. Thus, modern wireless engineers need to have deep insight on the standards that define the mobile transmission systems, and this knowledge is not acquired following the traditional theoretical teaching schemes. In this article, a new learning approach is described. This novel paradigm is based on a new flexible hardware/software platform (FRAMED-SOFT), which is also detailed. Although the article is focused on two wireless standards, GSM and UMTS, the work discussed in this article can easily be extended to other standards of interest, such as LTE and beyond, WiFi, and WiMAX.

Sensing user context and habits for run-time energy optimization

Abstract: Optimizing energy consumption in modern mobile handheld devices plays a very important role as lowering energy consumption impacts battery life and system reliability. With next-generation smartphones and tablets, the number of sensors and communication tools will increase and more and more communication interfaces and protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPRS, UMTS, and LTE will be incorporated. Consequently, the fraction of energy consumed by these components will be larger. Nevertheless, the use of the large amount of data from the different sensors can be beneficial to detect the changing user context, to understand habits, and to detect running application needs. All these information, when used properly, may lead to an efficient energy consumption control. This paper proposes a tool to analyze user/application interaction to understand how the different hardware components are used at run-time and optimize them. The idea here is to use machine learning methods to identify and classify user behaviors and habit information. Using this tool, a software has been developed to control at run-time system component activities that have high impacts on the energy consumption. The tool allows also to predict future applications usages. By this way, screen brightness, CPU frequency, Wi-Fi connectivity, and playback sound level can be optimized while meeting the applications and the user requirements. Our experimental results show that the proposed solution can lower the energy consumption by up to 30 % versus the out-of-the-box power governor, while maintaining a negligible system overhead.

Performance comparison of KASUMI and hardware architecture optimization of f8 and f9 algorithms for 3g UMTS networks

Abstract: This paper proposes a performance comparison of 64-bit KASUMI block cipher architectures based on speed vs. area trade-offs. The analysis includes 8-rounds KASUMI architectures for high-speed designs, 2-rounds / 1-round KASUMI architecture for moderate area / throughput values and optimized one round KASUMI having one FI function for low area design requirements. A throughput value as high as 13.6 Gbps is found using ROM blocks for S-boxes whereas compact designs require an area of 2.99 NAND gates implementing S-boxes using combinational logic. The paper also focuses on the hardware architecture optimization of f8 and f9 algorithms for low power implementation of 3g mobile equipments. A novel architecture is proposed based on one KASUMI block and is employed for both f8 - confidentiality algorithm and f9 - integrity algorithm. The optimized hardware generates 32-bit MAC and the required bit-stream for encrypting every 10 msec message frame of maximum 20,000 bits. The scheme is very suitable and can be adopted for compact implementation of f8 and f9 algorithms for 3g UMTS mobile communication networks.

Improved network selection for multimedia applications

Abstract: Fifth generation mobile networks are being developed to compensate the explosive growth of data traffic and shortage of spectrum. Fifth generation networks consist of multi-tier heterogeneous network in which multi cells and multi networks are involved. The heterogeneity of different classes of base station improves spectral efficiency and provides flexible coverage area. Hence, in the heterogeneous network environment, deciding to which one mobile should connect is called network selection problem. In this paper, network selection problem in heterogeneous network is simulated by multi attribute decision making algorithm, game theory, and prospect theory. Prospect theory is new in the field of network selection. The weights for different network attributes are computed by analytical hierarchical process, standard deviation, and entropy method. The 4 different applications, i.e., video, voice, web browsing, and email transfer are considered for which available bandwidth, packet jitter, packet loss, and cost per byte are taken as most important attributes, respectively. The weights for different applications are calculated by analytical hierarchical process method. The selection is done in environment composed of heterogeneous networks such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WLAN, LTE, UMTS, and GPRS. So different networks are selected for different applications because only 1 network cannot fulfill the requirement of the all applications. The performance of different methods is shown in relative standard deviation and accuracy. Prospect theory gives the maximum values of relative standard deviation and accuracy.

Reconfigurable radio-over-multicore optical fronthaul for seamless 2G, UMTS and LTE-A MIMO wireless provision

Abstract: A flexible and reconfigurable radio-over-multicore fiber fronthaul capable of providing simultaneous 2G, 3G and 4G cellular wireless services in the same frequency band with the advantage of antenna equipment reusability is proposed and evaluated experimentally.

Machine learning for the automatic detection of anomalous events

Abstract: In this dissertation, we describe our research contributions for a novel approach to the application of machine learning for the automatic detection of anomalous events. We work in two different domains to ensure a robust data-driven workflow that could be generalized for monitoring other systems. Specifically, in our first domain, we begin with the identification of internal erosion events in earth dams and levees (EDLs) using geophysical data collected from sensors located on the surface of the levee. As EDLs across the globe reach the end of their design lives, effectively monitoring their structural integrity is of critical importance. The second domain of interest is related to mobile telecommunications, where we investigate a system for automatically detecting non-commercial base station routers (BSRs) operating in protected frequency space. The presence of non-commercial BSRs can disrupt the connectivity of end users, cause service issues for the commercial providers, and introduce significant security concerns. We provide our motivation, experimentation, and results from investigating a generalized novel data-driven workflow using several machine learning techniques. In Chapter 2, we present results from our performance study that uses popular unsupervised clustering algorithms to gain insights to our real-world problems, and evaluate our results using internal and external validation techniques. Using EDL passive seismic data from an experimental laboratory earth embankment, results consistently show a clear separation of events from non-events in four of the five clustering algorithms applied. The results from experimenting with our BSR data, using various system information (SI) and system information blocks (SIBs), show we can make a clear distinction between commercial and non-commercial scans in both Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE); more work is needed to understand whether non-commercial BSRs can be discovered in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) analysis. We also investigate and provide results on using ASN.1 encoded LTE data as input to our machine learning algorithms; we use encoded data to eliminate the need for extensive feature selection and manual analysis that could potentially introduce bias. Chapter 3 uses a multivariate Gaussian machine learning model to identify anomalies in our experimental data sets. For the EDL work, we used experimental data from two different laboratory earth embankments. Additionally, we explore five wavelet transform methods for signal denoising. The best performance is achieved with the Haar wavelets. We achieve up to 97.3% overall accuracy and less than 1.4% false negatives in anomaly detection. Using the BSR scans, we continue to see that the GSM broadcast messages are not suitable for our anomaly detection system. However, the multivariate Gaussian approach with the UMTS, LTE, and ANS.1 encoded LTE scans were successful in separating commercial from non-commercial BSRs with 100% overall accuracy. In Chapter…

Performance Analysis of WLAN in Presence of UMTS

Abstract: In this paper the effect of interference of UMTS is analyzed on WLAN. The effect is analyzed by varying the speed of UMTS nodes. The interference is analyzed in terms of Video conferencing end to end delay, Throughput, Delay. Result shows that when there are no UMTS nodes, the performance is good, if UMTS nodes came in the network than due to interference performance decreases.

A novel 3D antenna for LTE MIMO systems

Abstract: Two low-profile and compact 3D antennas operating at LTE, GSM and UMTS frequency bands (790-2690 MHz) are here numerically analyzed for a vehicular MIMO system. After an analysis of the single element performance, two identical 3D antennas are considered. A preliminary numerical analysis on the effect of geometrical parameters such as inter-element distance and reciprocal orientation have been discussed to improve the two-antenna system performance in terms of impedance matching, isolation and envelope correlation coefficient.

Investigation of Some Existing Prediction Models and Development of a Modified Model for UMTS signal in Owerri, Nigeria

Abstract: Propagation of signals in wireless communication is the travelling of signals from one location to another without physical connection. In the course of propagating, the signals are susceptible to channel impediments such as obstacles, atmospheric factors which change in unpredictable manner and result in path loss and shadowing. The path loss occurs due to attenuation of power radiated by the transmitter. The existing empirical models used in predicting the path loss give different results in different environments other than where they are developed. In this paper, the prediction and modification of the models for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) signal in urban area of Owerri, Nigeria are carried out using the drive test and compared with path loss from existing COST 231 model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) and LEE propagation models. The path loss exponent is obtained to determine the path loss model with the UMTS station parameters. The performances of the models are evaluated using the path loss values.The results obtained show that the modified and prediction path loss models are the most suitable models for this environment. Also LEE model has the lowest values of path loss while the SUI has the highest values in this terrain. Therefore, COST 231, prediction model and the modified path loss model are around the measured values and can be used in this terrain to predict the UMTS signals for planning and budgeting.