Showing papers on "Vegetable oil refining published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this paper, a reverse Mars-Van Krevelen mechanism was used to catalyze the hydrotreatment of fatty acids with high selectivity for hydrodeoxygenation over decarbonylation and hydrocracking.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, diesel fuel was mixed with biodiesel, biodiesel-alcohol, and biodiesel alcohol-vegetable oil blends using the basic alcohols of ethanol, methanol and butanol.
119 citations
TL;DR: The pyrolytic oils from microalgae and JSC contained more oxygen and nitrogen and less sulfur than petroleum and palm oils, and showed high yields of fatty oxygenates and nitrogenous compounds.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a one-step method was described for the comprehensive analysis of the composition of renewable diesel produced directly from a natural triglyceride, including evaluation of its content of partially deoxygenated species.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Nafion-212 resin exhibited the best activity and selectivity for the HAA of 2-Methylfuran (2-MF) and cyclopentanone (CPO), which can be produced in industrial scale with lignocellulose.
Abstract: 2-Methylfuran (2-MF) and cyclopentanone (CPO) are the selective hydrogenation products of furfural, which can be produced in industrial scale with lignocellulose. In this work, renewable diesel or jet fuel range branched alkanes and cycloalkanes were first synthesized simultaneously by the solvent-free hydroxyalkylation/alkylation (HAA) of 2-MF and CPO followed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Among the solid acid catalysts used in this work, Nafion-212 resin exhibited the best activity and selectivity for the HAA of 2-MF and CPO. The excellent performance of Nafion-212 resin can be attributed to the high acid strength of this catalyst. After the HDO of the HAA products of 2-MF and CPO over several nickel catalysts, a mixture of jet fuel range branched alkanes and cycloalkanes with relatively higher density was obtained at high carbon yield. Compared with Ni/SiO2, acidic support loaded nickel catalysts are more active in the HDO process, which may be attributed to the promotion effect of acid sites in dehydra...
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, C9-C12 alkanes were first synthesized at high overall carbon yield (∼80%) by the solid base catalyzed aldol condensation of furfural with 2-pentanone (or a mixture of 2-hexanone and 2-heptanone) from lignocellulose, followed by direct hydrodeoxygenation over Pd loaded solid acid catalysts at 533 K.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) has been systematically investigated in pilot scale, using 20% (w/w) sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) as catalyst.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the physical, chemical, and motor properties of diesel fuels containing 30% (vol.) algae oil methyl esters (AME) were compared with the properties of fossil diesel fuel and those of diesel fuel mixtures consisting of 30% conventional diesel fuel.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the shock tube method to measure the ignition delay of a conventional petroleum-derived military diesel fuel, F-76, and an alternative hydroprocessed renewable diesel fuel derived from hydroprocessing algal oils, HRD-76.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, diesel range branched alkanes were synthesized by solvent-free hydrodeoxygenation of 5,5′-(butane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methylfuran).
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of individual processes in physical refining on tocopherol content in sunflower and rapeseed oils was investigated, and it was proved that refining of oil in the oil refinery improves their basic chemical parameters.
Abstract: The main purpose of this article was to investigate the influence of individual processes in physical refining on tocopherol content in sunflower and rapeseed oils. During refining some chemical parameters, the oxidative stability of oils and some minor compounds such as chlorophyll and beta-carotene, were determined. Those analytical data with explained chemical backgrounds gave more qualitative overview of what happened to the same lot of oils being processed in a continuous operation. Some processes were compared with a laboratory oil refining. Crude rapeseed oil contained 656 mg/kg of total tocopherols, followed by high oleic sunflower with 373 mg/kg of tocopherols and classic sunflower oil with 332 mg/kg of tocopherols. The most serious refining processes were bleaching and physical deodorization process, the tocopherol losses being 14.9–17.4% and 20.2–27.1%, respectively. In the refined oils, chlorophylls and FFAs were almost completely removed and the oxidative stability increased 2–3 times. Vegetable oil refining process caused relatively great losses of minor compounds but this, in turn, prolonged the shelf life of edible oils.
Practical applications: It was proved that refining of sunflower and rapeseed oils in the oil refinery improves their basic chemical parameters. The loss of tocopherols can be minimized by shortening the time and lowering the temperature during the final step of physical refining, but it has to remain within requirements on quality of refined edible oils.
The refining processes of sunflower and rapeseed oils lead to 39.0–45.5 % loss of total tocopherol content. The most serious refining processes were bleaching and physical deodorization process, the tocopherol losses being 14.9–17.4 % and 20.2–27.1 %, respectively. Degumming process can caused 6.6–8.4 % decrease of tocopherols in sunflower and rapeseed oil. Most gentle process was winterization of sunflower oils which caused only 2.9–5.8 % tocopherols decrease.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of three biofuel feedstocks, namely, camelina, carinata, and pennycress, with a John Deere 4.5-L test engine and three fuel pathways: triglyceride blends, biodiesel, and renewable diesel.
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon footprint of renewable diesel (RD) production from palm oil, jatropha oil and rapeseed oil was examined from a life-cycle assessment perspective, and it was shown that the key contributors to the carbon footprints of RD are found in the GHG emissions of LUC, feedstock cultivation and oil extraction processes.
TL;DR: In this article, two distinct techniques have been applied for the transformation of the vegetable oil's esters into molecules compatible with petroleum diesel that is transesterification of ester molecules for the production of lighter esters by using an alcohol and hydrogenation of esters bonds.
Abstract: The use of biofuels is becoming more and more common because of both environmental and economical concerns. Several attempts have been made for the substitution of fossil fuels with other alternative fuels. An important feedstock for the production of biofuels fully adapted to modern engine technology is ester molecules derived from refined or crude vegetable oils and animal fats. Two distinct techniques have been applied for the transformation of the vegetable oil's esters into molecules compatible with petroleum diesel that is transesterification of ester molecules for the production of lighter esters by using an alcohol and hydrogenation of ester bonds for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The way both biofuels are produced is discussed in this work. Raw materials tested, production methods and systems investigated, feasibility of production of these fuels in plant and industrial scale and the main characteristics of the two fuels are included. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:3–23. doi: 10.1002/wene.78
For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of different oils available for biodiesel production and the production technologies, engine performance using vegetable oil and biodiesel, and emission studies are reviewed. But the authors do not consider the use of biodiesel as a substitute for fossil fuel.
Abstract: Vegetable oil is one of the main first generation liquid biofuels. The fuel characteristics of vegetable oil such as viscosity and atomization cannot be accommodated by existing diesel engines. An alternate process has been developed to improve the fuel characteristics of vegetable oils through the process of alcoholysis to produce a fuel called biodiesel. It can be used in engines as substitute for fossil fuel. This paper reviews the characteristics of different oils available for biodiesel production and the production technologies, engine performance using vegetable oil and biodiesel, and emission studies. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this paper, the assessment of the parameters affecting the biodiesel conversion factor has been investigated, namely catalyst type and concentration and alcohol concentration, in order to maximize the yield of the process and to obtain biodiesel with lower specific gravity.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a review paper describes the fuel properties of biodiesel, production process (transesterification) and the most important variables that influence the transesterification reaction is presented.
Abstract: Due to the environmental problems caused by the use fossil fuels, considerable attention has been made to biodiesel production as an alternative to petrodiesel. Biodiesel is an ecofriendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is a renewable source of energy seems to be an ideal solution for global energy demands including Ethiopia as well. The general method to produce biodiesel is transesterification of non-edible oil with methanol in the presence of either base or strong acid catalysts. Transesterification reaction is quite sensitive to various parameters. An ideal transesterification reaction differs on the basis of variables such as fatty acid composition and the free fatty acid content of the oil. Other variables include reaction temperature, ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, catalyst, mixing intensity, purity of reactants. This review paper describes the fuel properties of biodiesel, production process (transesterification) and the most important variables that influence the transesterification
TL;DR: A survey of the use of these by-products to obtain biodiesel can be found in this article, covering not only the traditional and most widely used acid/base catalysis, but also solid and enzymatic catalysis.
Abstract: Biodiesel produced from by-products and waste materials can be an economical way of reducing traditional oil consumption and environmental problems. The by-products from the vegetable oil refining industry such as soapstock, acid oil and fatty acid distillates are suitable for producing biodiesel. The present work is a survey related to the use of these by-products to obtain biodiesel, covering not only the traditional and most widely used acid/base catalysis, but also solid and enzymatic catalysis. Details of the techniques are presented and compared. The advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches are mentioned and analyzed. The synthesis and use of by-products from the vegetable oil refining industry are covered in this work. The use of the obtained biodiesel in diesel engines is also included, demonstrating the disparity between the number of papers related to biodiesel production and engine performance assessment.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the refined and acidic vegetable oil content on the catalytic co-hydroprocessing of their mixtures with gasoil was studied in the presence of a NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Oleylamine surfactant and octyl alcohol cosurfactant to stabilize reverse microemulsions in fuels containing vegetable oils for diesel replacement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the catalytic hydroconversion of vegetable oil using commercial HDS Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Co/Al 2O3 catalysts under HDS operating conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid (DT-CNSL) as a non-transester biofuel and also as an additive to convert triglycerides to biofuel, without the need for the formation of methyl esters.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study is carried out on an I.C. engine laboratory single cylinder, four-stroke VCR, direct injection diesel engine to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of pure diesel, Jatropha oil and jatropha-diesel blended fuels with various blended rates.
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach combining process integration, energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analyses is shown for Jatropha biorefinery design, primarily producing biodiesel using oil-based heterogeneously catalysed transesterification or green diesel using hydrotreatment.
Abstract: Driven by the need to develop a wide variety of products with low environmental impact, biorefineries need to emerge as highly integrated facilities. This becomes effective when overall mass and energy integration through a centralised utility system design is undertaken. An approach combining process integration, energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analyses is shown in this paper for Jatropha biorefinery design, primarily producing biodiesel using oil-based heterogeneously catalysed transesterification or green diesel using hydrotreatment. These processes are coupled with gasification of husk to produce syngas. Syngas is converted into end products, heat, power and methanol in the biodiesel case or hydrogen in the green diesel case. Anaerobic digestion of Jatropha by-products such as fruit shell, cake and/or glycerol has been considered to produce biogas for power generation. Combustion of fruit shell and cake is considered to provide heat. Heat recovery within biodiesel or green diesel production and the design of the utility (heat and power) system are also shown. The biorefinery systems wherein cake supplies heat for oil extraction and seed drying while fruit shells and glycerol provide power generation via anaerobic digestion into biogas achieve energy efficiency of 53 % in the biodiesel system and 57 % in the green diesel system. These values are based on high heating values (HHV) of Jatropha feedstocks, HHV of the corresponding products and excess power generated. Results showed that both systems exhibit an energy yield per unit of land of 83 GJ ha−1. The global warming potential from GHG emissions of the net energy produced (i.e. after covering energy requirements by the biorefinery systems) was 29 g CO2-eq MJ−1, before accounting credits from displacement of fossil-based energy by bioenergy exported from the biorefineries. Using a systematic integration approach for utilisation of whole Jatropha fruit, it is shown that global warming potential and fossil primary energy use can be reduced significantly if the integrated process schemes combined with optimised cultivation and process parameters are adopted in Jatropha-based biorefineries.
01 Apr 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the production cost of hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) was estimated using canola oil and camelina oil as feedstocks. And the minimum costs of production for HDRD occurred at a plant optimum size of 812-million-L/year (14,000-bbl/day).
TL;DR: In this article, a maximum biodiesel yield of 94% has been achieved and important properties of the biodiesel like density, flash point, calorific value and viscosity have also been estimated.
TL;DR: In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of straight vegetable oil (SVO) as gas turbine fuels is investigated, and the results of the experimental characterization of different vegetable oils, derived from energy crops, and of blends of diesel and vegetable oil in different concentrations (from pure diesel to pure vegetable oil) are reported.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the environmental impacts of sunflower oil production by life cycle assessment (LCA), with a particular focus on the processing and packaging phases, using both a resource-oriented method (cumulative energy demand, CED method) and an impacts oriented method (ReCiPe method).
TL;DR: In this article, the model compound of vegetable oils over Pd/zeolite catalysts was investigated under conditions of 375−400°C and 15bar in a semi batch stirred autoclave reactor.