Showing papers on "Water treatment published in 2010"
TL;DR: For the first time, a multi-variables optimization approach is described to determine the optimum operation parameters so as to enhance process performance and photooxidation efficiency in the photocatalytic water treatment process.
4,293 citations
TL;DR: Most of the NOM can be removed by coagulation, although, the hydrophobic fraction and high molar mass compounds of NOM are removed more efficiently than hydrophilic fraction and the low molarmass compounds.
1,106 citations
TL;DR: The role of engineered nanomaterials in (pressure driven) membrane technology for water treatment, to be applied in drinking water production and wastewater recycling, is reviewed.
719 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the recent research studies dealing with AOP methods for the removal of NOM and related compounds from drinking water is presented.
600 citations
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of Electrode Material in the Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Pollutants for Wastewater Treatment has been discussed, including the use of both anode and cathode reactions in wastewater treatment.
Abstract: Basic Principles of the Electrochemical Mineralization of Organic Pollutants for Wastewater Treatment.- Importance of Electrode Material in the Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Pollutants.- Techniques of Electrode Fabrication.- Modeling of Electrochemical Process for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Pollutants.- Green Electroorganic Synthesis Using BDD Electrodes.- Domestic and Industrial Water Disinfection Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes.- Drinking Water Disinfection by In-line Electrolysis: Product and Inorganic By-Product Formation.- Case Studies in the Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Pollutants Using BDD.- The Persulfate Process for the Mediated Oxidation of Organic Pollutants.- Electrocoagulation in Water Treatment.- Electroflotation.- Electroreduction of Halogenated Organic Compounds.- Principles and Applications of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Reactors for Electrochemical Hydrodehalogenation of Organic Pollutants.- Preparation, Analysis and Behaviors of Ti-Based SnO2 Electrode and the Function of Rare-Earth Doping in Aqueous Wastes Treatment.- Wet Electrolytic Oxidation of Organics and Application for Sludge Treatment.- Environmental Photo(electro)catalysis: Fundamental Principles and Applied Catalysts.- Solar Disinfection of Water by TiO2 Photoassisted Processes: Physicochemical, Biological, and Engineering Aspects.- Fabrication of Photoelectrode Materials.- Use of Both Anode and Cathode Reactions in Wastewater Treatment.
463 citations
TL;DR: High performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector method was developed to detect disperse dyes in water samples over the range 0.50-35 ng, with detection limits of 0.09 ng, 0.84 ng and 0.08 ng, respectively, with good repeatability and accuracy, that are contributing to the mutagenicity found in the Cristais River, São Paulo, Brazil.
371 citations
TL;DR: While DAF has been used mainly in conventional type water plants, there is now interest in the technology as a pretreatment step in ultrafiltration membrane plants and in desalination reverse osmosis plants.
334 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the removal of organic micropollutants and the concurrent reduction of their biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant treating secondary effluent found that the main ozonation formed oxidation by-products but decreased the level of non-specific toxicity and other specific toxic modes of action.
307 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, salinity difference between seawater and impaired water, such as reclaimed water, is used as a driving force for osmotic dilution of seawater before desalination.
306 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the quest to find an economically viable substitute to active carbon adsorbent to remove toxic metal ions was described, and a brief discussion of design of batch and column adsorption experiments, development of inexpensive adsorbents, and experimental conditions of metal ions removal by batch or column procedures is included.
Abstract: Due to overgrowth in population, industrialization and civilization, demands for water are increasing geometrically. Therefore, alternative sources of water are required and wastewater treatment and recycling may serve this purpose. Among various water treatment technologies, adsorption onto activated carbon is in the front line due to its universal nature. Activated carbon is the best adsorbent able to capture inorganic, as well as organic, pollutants that contaminate water resources. Inorganic pollutants, especially metal ions, are more dangerous due to their toxic and possibly carcinogenic natures. Also they are most often persistent and difficult to biodegrade. The present article describes the quest to find an economically viable substitute to active carbon adsorbent to remove toxic metal ions. A brief discussion of design of batch and column adsorption experiments, development of inexpensive adsorbents, and experimental conditions of metal ions removal by batch and column procedures is included. Eff...
303 citations
TL;DR: A series of novel composites based on graphene oxide (GO) cross-linked with ferric hydroxide was developed for effective removal of arsenate from contaminated drinking water, and the efficiency of arsenates removal was decreased when pH was increased to higher than 8.
TL;DR: Monitoring revealed a widespread occurrence of analysed compounds in groundwater, among them Codeine (analgesic), Ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory), Iopamidol, Iopromide (contrast agent) and Paraxanthine have only been detected in groundwater and are not present in water currently being injected in the deep aquifer.
TL;DR: The results indicated that aluminum was an excellent electrode material for algae removal as compared with iron, and the ECF technology was effective for algae Removal, from both the technical and economical points of view.
TL;DR: A review of the major available technologies for heavy metal remediation in water, with emphasis on their processes and applications, is presented in this article, where the authors highlight the need for the utilization of safe and economical multiple/integrated approach.
Abstract: In small quantities, certain heavy metals are nutritionally essential for a healthy life. The heavy metals linked most often to human poisoning are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. Other heavy metals, including copper, zinc and chromium are actually required by the body in small amounts, but can also be toxic in larger doses. They have the ability of dissolving in wastewaters and when discharged into surface waters, they can be concentrated and travel up the food chain. They can also seep into groundwater, hence contaminating drinking water, thereby harming the consumers of that water. The enactment of several water legislations and guidelines worldwide coupled with the need for environmental sustainability has necessitated the need for several stringent regulations for drinking water supply and wastewater discharge. To achieve unpolluted drinking water distribution and wastewater discharge, several technologies and processes for heavy metal remediation are currently in use. This review was therefore aimed at elucidating the major available technologies for heavy metal remediation in water, with emphasis on their processes and applications. Currently, no one of the existing technologies for heavy metal remediation (chemical remediation, phytoremediation or microbial remediation) is without some form of merits and demerits. There is therefore a proposed need for the utilization of safe and economical multiple/integrated approach for heavy metal remediation. The application of this may offer enormous public health, environmental and cost benefits.
Key words: Heavy metals, remediation, water.
TL;DR: This paper aims to elucidate the important issues associated with the use of HRMBR systems under elevated salt conditions up to 50gL(-1), and identifies the salt concentration factor as an important operating parameter to be optimised in the HR MBR systems.
TL;DR: The experience of Wuxi, China, underscores the suggestion that a combination of stresses associated with eutrophication and industrial and domestic wastewater discharges can push an aquatic system to the tipping point with consequences far more severe than would occur if the system were subjected to each stress separately.
TL;DR: Isotherm data from batch experiments indicate that activated carbon filtration should be suitable to avoid intrusion of TTri into drinking water in partially closed water cycles, however, sorption to activated carbon appears to be too weak and ozonation may be mandatory to remove it from raw waters.
Book•
30 Nov 2010
TL;DR: Water Treatment Residuals Management Appendix A: Chemical Elements Appendix B: Usefu Constants Appendix C: Conversion Factors: Appendix D: Physical Properties of Water and Gases Index
Abstract: Chapter 1. Drinking Water Quality Standards, Regulations, and Goals Chapter 2. Health and Aesthetic Aspects of Drinking Water Chapter 3. Chemical Principles, Source Water Composition, and Watershed Protection Chapter 4. Hydraulic Characteristics of Water Treatment Reactors Chapter 5. Overview of Water Treatment Processes Chapter 6. Gas-Liquid Processes: Principles and Applications Chapter 7. Chemical Oxidation Chapter 8. Coagulation and Focculation Chapter 9. Sedimentation and Flotation Chapter 10. Granular Media Filtration Chapter 11. Membranes Chapter 12. Ion Exchange and Adsorption of Inorganic Contaminants Chapter 13. Precipitation, Coprecipitation, and Precipitative Softening Chapter 14. Adsorption of Organic Compounds Chapter 15. Natural Treatment Systems Chapter 16. Water Reuse for Drinking Water Augmentation Chapter 17. Chemical Disinfection Chapter 18. Ultraviolet Light Processes Chapter 19. Formation and Control or Disinfection By-Products Chapter 20. Internal Corrosion and Deposition Control Chapter 21. Microbiology Quality Control in Distribution Systems Chapter 22. Water Treatment Residuals Management Appendix A: Chemical Elements Appendix B: Usefu Constants Appendix C: Conversion Factors: Appendix D: Physical Properties of Water and Gases Index
TL;DR: Selenium removal from well water by the polymer-clay composite, brought levels to below the WHO limit and was selective for selenium even in the presence of sulfur, due to high adsorption of sulfur by the later.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel approach is reported to enhance the performance of traditional planted floating-bed by introducing of filter-feeding bivalve and biofilm carrier, which can be used for treating eutrophic water in a simple and cost-effective manner, but the performance is unavoidably restricted by the growth rate and limited stand biomass of the plant.
Book•
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Water Resources and Demand Factors Determining the Distribution of Animals and Plants in Freshwaters Basic Aquatic Ecosystems Microorganisms and Pollution Control Water Pollution Water Basin Management Water Quality and Regulation Water Quality Assessment Water Treatment and Distribution Drinking Water Contamination Pathogens and Their Removal Nature of Wastewater Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Biological Aspects of Secondary Sewage Treatment Fixed-film Systems Activated Sludge Other Biological Treatment Systems Anaerobic Treatment Physio-chemical Treatment Processes Sludge Treatment and Disposal Household and Small-scale Treatment Systems Sustainability Principles in Water Management
Abstract: Basic Considerations in Hydrobiology Water Resources and Demand Factors Determining the Distribution of Animals and Plants in Freshwaters Basic Aquatic Ecosystems Micro-organisms and Pollution Control Water Pollution Water Basin Management Water Quality and Regulation Water Quality Assessment Water Treatment and Distribution Drinking Water Contamination Pathogens and Their Removal Nature of Wastewater Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Biological Aspects of Secondary Sewage Treatment Fixed-film Systems Activated Sludge Other Biological Treatment Systems Anaerobic Treatment Physio-chemical Treatment Processes Sludge Treatment and Disposal Household and Small-scale Treatment Systems Sustainability Principles in Water Management
TL;DR: This paper reviews the disposal of water treatment wastes containing As, with a particular emphasis on stabilisation/solidification (S/S) technologies which are currently used to treat industrial wastescontaining As.
TL;DR: Life Cycle Assessment is used to evaluate different disinfection treatments and to assess the environmental advantages and drawbacks of urban wastewater reuse in non-potable applications and to compare the environmental impacts of producing 1m(3) of water from reclaimed water, potable water and desalinated water sources.
TL;DR: These are the first such DBPFP models for wastewater systems, and among the few models that consider both C- DBPs and N-DBPs formation potentials from the same water sources, and inclusion of dissolved organic nitrogen into the HANFP model improved the predictions.
TL;DR: The aim of the present work is to investigate the efficiency of the oxidation of As(III) by means of four conventional oxidants (chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and monochloramine) with different test conditions: different type of water (demineralised and real water), different pH values and different doses of chemicals.
TL;DR: A comparative toxicity evaluation of different treated wastewater effluents was performed on site at a half scale treatment plant equipped with an ozonation step and an activated carbon treatment step in parallel subsequent to conventional activated sludge treatment to assess potential biological effects on whole organisms.
TL;DR: Electro-oxidation technology provided with boron doped diamond (BDD), an electrode material which has shown outstanding properties in oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds, is investigated for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrates generated in tertiary wastewater treatment plants (WWTP).
TL;DR: The phenomenon of flux stabilization opens interesting possibilities for application, for instance in simple and low-cost ultrafiltration systems for decentralized drinking water treatment in developing and transition countries, independent of energy supply, chemicals, or complex process control.
TL;DR: Fe-GACs synthesized in this study exhibited higher affinity for arsenate as compared with references in literature and shows great potential for real implementations.
TL;DR: The results indicate that in any case ozonation should not be applied without subsequent post treatment appropriate for oxidation byproducts removal (e.g. sand filtration).